ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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FRACTAL DIMENSION AND HUMAN AQUATIC LOCOMOTION
Get PDFThe aim was to investigate the fractal properties of human swimming and analyze its relationship with swimming kinematics. Eighty-two male swimmers from the local level up to World-ranked athletes undertook a set of 3x25m maximal trials at Front-Crawl. Fractal dimension (D) was calculated from the speed-time series collected with a speedo-meter. It was also calculated the speed fluctuation as an energy cost estimator. Human swimming showed fractal properties (1?D?2). The relationship between D and dv was very high analyzed in absolute values (R2=0.88; s=0.18;
A KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF GIANT SWING BACKWARD AND DOUBLE SALTO BACKWARD STRETCHED DISMOUNT IN JINNAN YAO ’S UNEVEN BARS
Get PDFUsing 3D camera analytic method, the paper tests Jinnan Yao’s (who won the gold medal in the female uneven bars final of the 45th World Gymnastics Championship in October 11th ,2014) technical movements of giant swing backward and double salto backward stretched dismount and make a kinematics analysis of the complete movements.The purpose of this study was to reveal the kinematic rules and technical features of the movements, in order to provide references of technical training for athletes. The results indicated that better performance was demonstrated if gymnast could increase the height of salto suspension,so that increase the flight time ,in order to prepare landing
ROWING APPLIED SESSION IMPROVING ROWING PERFORMANCE AND MINIMISING INJURY
Get PDFCompetitive rowing has been practiced for millennia as evidenced by Egyptian wall paintings from 2500 BC. Boats from the First Egyptian Dynasty were 25 m long and 2 m wide had 30 rowers. Rowing races were conducted in Ancient Greece as part of festivals and games (Virgil, 19 – 30 BC) and in Rome regattas were organized for entertainment. The complexity of rowing boats probably reached their peak with the Greek Triremes which had 170 rowers in three banks. Today, in the modern day Olympics, there are 14 different events from the single scull to the sweep eight with coxswain. Further, ergometer rowing is an international sport in its own right. Both on-water and ergometer rowing are activities that are enjoyed recreationally and as a form of fitness training. Whatever the motivation for involvement in rowing, an understanding of the mechanisms of performance and injury can deepen appreciation of the sport. Progress will be made towards optimizing performance and minimizing injury when the relevant determinants are known. They can be grouped by their association with the rower, boat, oar and environment
A KINEMATIC MODEL TO PERSONALIZE BOAT SETTINGS IN ORDER TO TARGET A GIVEN RANGE OF MOTION IN SCULLING
Get PDFThe boat settings is a complex topic in rowing as many parts of both boat and oars can be set. The amplitude of the rowing stroke, one main parameter of performance in rowing (Smith & Loschner, 2002), is directly affected by these choices. Surprisingly, the scientific literature is very poor on this subject and boat and oars settings are mainly based on rowers\u27 and coaches\u27 experiences (Nolte, 2011). Most of the time, all crew members have the same settings, while they can display various segment anthropometries and joint flexibilities. Therefore, this study aimed to implement and validate a numeric kinematic model to individualize boat settings in order that scullers can reach given catch and finish angles. For that purpose, it is possible to adjust both inboard of the rigging (boat) and spread (oar) lengths. The inputs of the model should be measured using simple testing that can be performed by coaches and athletes
SPORT MOVEMENTS, A MOTIVATING THEME FOR TEENAGERS IN A FIRST APPROACH TO ENGINEERING
Get PDFSport biomechanics is a perfect representation of what is a transdisciplinary discipline. This discipline makes indeed use of knowledge in mathematics, physics, biology, and of course, sports. This transdisciplinary nature has pros and cons in terms of education: Pros because sport movement analysis can motivate students or pupils and make them unconsciously use concepts and theory from other disciplines; cons because lacks in some disciplines -typically mathematics- can provoke a mental block in students. In a first part of this applied session, a special education program developed in order to cultivate the taste of teenagers for sciences through the analysis of their own sport movement will be presented
THE STUDY OF SHOULDER INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ROTATION STRENGTH IN COLLEGE BASEBALL PLAYERS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the different of dominant arm shoulder rotation torque between the baseball pitchers, infielders, and ouffielders. Participants were 27 first-level collegiate baseball players, including 9 pitchers, 10 infielders, 8 outfielders. A Biodex lsokinetic Dynamometer was used for estimation of shoulder muscle strength. This system\u27s test velocity was set at 60 "Is and the range of motion of dominant arm shoulder in flexion, abduction, 90\u27 of abduction with external rotation, and 90" abduction with internal rotation. The results indicated that there was no significant different in internal rotation peak torque and ERllR ratio between pitchers, infielders, and outfielders. There was significantly different in external rotation peak torque. The infielders and ouffielders possess greater external rotation peak torque than pitchers
CONTRIBUTION OF THE LOWER LIMB JOINTS IN DIFFERENCE OF POWER OUTPUT FROM REBOUND JUMP
Get PDFThis study aimed to perform kinetic analyses of joint movements during rebound jumps and reveal the individual power-output contributions of lower-limb joints. The subjects included 21 male students who were members of a track and field club. Initially, each attempt was considering to comprise five consecutive rebound jumps at six subjective levels of maximum effort: loo%, 90%, 80%, 60%, 45%, and 30%. The subjects performed each attempt twice, and the sequence of attempts was randomized. However, because the subjective effort levels were inconsistent among subjects in the initial analysis, we asked the subjects to attempt rebound jumps to reach at 90%. 80%, and 70% of their maximum jumping heights (1 00%). Our results demonstrated that the degree of contribution was the greatest at the ankle joint for any level of output within the ranges used in this study
AN EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF A DOUBLE-LEG CIRCLE ON A POMMEL HORSE, AND A DESIRABLE PERFOMANCE PROPOSAL
Get PDFFor the evaluation of the performance of a double-leg circle on a pommel horse, we focused on the relation between the horizontal rotation of a body about the vertical axis in the center of a pommel horse and the hip rotation about the longitudinal axis of a body. Several gymnasts having different levels of skill were examined by using a motion capture system. The analysis shows that the horizontal rotation and the hip rotation are in good synchronization for the performance of a well-trained gymnast
PROPULSION IN ELITE LOW-POINT CLASSIFICATION RUGBY WHEELCHAIR ATHLETES
Get PDFWheelchair propulsion kinematics have been demonstrated to be dependent on chair configuration, although this knowledge is still limited in wheelchair rugby. This study monitored the propulsion kinematics during sprint performance in elite low-point wheelchair rugby athletes, with correlations between kinematics, athlete experience and configuration investigated. Increased experience was correlated with decreasing contact and push angles for the second push, as well as trends for the first and third pushes. Configuration parameters such as seat depth, seat angle, and seat depth-to-thigh length, were also shown to be correlated with kinematic variables. Findings provide important information for the configuration of wheelchairs to utilise efficient regions of their stroke and optimise sprint performance
RUNNING ECONOMY AND MECHANICS IN TRIATHLETES vs. RUNNERS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare running economy (RE) and distance running mechanics between triathletes and runners to examine an energy-economical running form. Physiological measures were obtained, including maximal and submaximal 02 consumptions and blood lactate concentration. Biomechanical measures for running at several speeds (210-290 mlmin) were obtained for the triathletes and runners. The RE in the triathletes was higher than that in the runners at most speeds (210-270 mlmin). The maximal angle of shoulder extension was associated with RE and greater in the triathletes at lower speeds (21 0-250 mlmin). The training and running form of triathletes are potentially useful for improving the RE in runners