ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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DYNAMIC CONTRIBUTION OF JOINT TORQUES TO THE GENERATION OF SWING LEG MOTION IN SPRINT
Get PDFThe purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the contribution of individual terms such as the swing leg joint torques, motion-dependent term (MDT) and other terms to the generation of the knee joint angular velocity, and 2) to quantify the functional roles of the joint torques in the swing leg motion with consideration of the generating factor of the MDT. The swing leg was modeled as a linked system of three rigid segments in sagittal plane. Dynamic contributions and generating factors of the MDT were calculated using the equation of motion for the swing leg model. The results obtained in this study indicate that 1) the MDT was one of the great contributors to the generation of the knee joint angular velocity, and 2) the main generating factors of the MDT were the swing leg joint torques
THE EFFECT OF EIGHT WEEKS TRAINING WITH EXTRA WEIGHT ON STANDING LONG JUMP PERFORMANCE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks training with extra weight in the hands on standing long jump performance. Fifteen junior high school male students participated in the study. Vicon motion system (10 cameras, 200Hz) and two Kistler force plates (1000 Hz) were used to collect the kinematics and kinetic data of pretraining and post-training tests. The results found the jumping distance increased 18 % after extra weight training. The horizontal velocity of center of mass (CM) at takeoff, flight distance, landing distance, the CM difference at takeoff, the horizontal positive impulse and the peak horizontal ground reaction force were all significantly enhanced. It was concluded that eight weeks of extra weight in the hands jump training increased the high school male standing long jump performance
CAN INTRA-CYCLIC FORCE VARIATION BE A VALUABLE PARAMETER TO EVALUATE THE FORCES EXERTED BY SWIMMERS?
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the force pattern produced during the front crawl swimming cycle, plus to analyze possible relationships of intra-cyclic force variation (dF) with swimming performance. Thirty four competitive swimmers, representing various levels of competitive performance (17.2 ± 2.72 yrs; 1.76 ± 0.09 m; 67.4 ± 9.94 kg; personal best 100 m long course freestyle swimming: 58.39 ± 2.19 s), randomly performed the tethered and free swimming tests. The free swimming velocity was found to be negatively correlated with dF (r = -0.85; p < 0.001). Adding dF with maximum impulse per cycle into a multiple regression model, it was possible to explain 87.6% of the 50 m performance variation. This novel parameter (dF) showed to be a valuable variable to evaluate the swimmers ability to effectively apply force in the water
COULD TAI CHI EXERCISE IMPOVE STABILITY IN ELDERLY? STRATEGIES OF STEPPING OVER OBSTACLES
Get PDFStepping over obstacles challenges stability and is a leading cause of falls in older adult populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obstacle-crossing strategies of long-term Tai Chi (TC) practitioners and exercise walkers. Thirty healthy older women (average age: 65.7 years) with either TC (n=15) experience (average experience: 8.2 years) or walking exercise (n=15; average experience: 8.8 years) participated in this study. We used three trial conditions: 1) normal walking, 2) crossing a 15cm (20% of leg length) obstacle, and 3) crossing a 23cm (30% of leg length) to assess obstacle-crossing strategy. Results showed Individuals with a TC background crossed the obstacle significantly faster with a significantly longer step relative to the exercise walkers; plantar pressure profiles between the two groups also differed. Our results suggest that obstacle-crossing strategies were affected by the type of long-term exercise
A KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE STICKING REGION IN FULL BACK SQUATS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate 3D kinematics around the sticking region (the weakest region) in full back squats. Eleven resistance-training males (age 23.5 ± 2.6 years, body mass 86.8 ± 21 kg, body height 1.81 ± 0.08 m) performed 6-RM full back squats and the last repetition was taken for further analyses of 3D kinematics around the sticking region. The main findings were that all participants exhibited a sticking region during the last repetition of 6-RM squatting. Timing of the peak and minimal angular velocities of the hip extension, knee extension and plantar flexion movements were concomitant with the two peak velocities and minimal velocity of the barbell. It was suggested that timing and activity (power output) between the knee and hip extensors are responsible for the existence of the sticking region
CLIMBER’S HAND INJURIES
Get PDFRock climbing is a sport activity which solicited the fingers more than other any sport, leading to injuries typical for the rock climbers\u27 hand. The biomechanical functioning of the finger is one of the most complicated problems of the human musculo-skeletal system. This paper describes the pathologies observed in rock climbing and the knowledge obtained thanks to biomechanical analysis for the evaluation and simulation for treatment and repair
BRIDGING THE GAP: KEY PRINCIPLES IN BIOMECHANICALLY GOOD GOLF SWINGS
Get PDFThe purpose of this presentation was to provide an overview of key principles of biomechanically good golf swings and focus areas that have received substantial attention lately, such as the footground interaction and the functional swing plane-based kinematic sequence analysis. More field-based research is required to develop a holistic understanding of the mechanics in good golf swings. Employment of realistic swing models and development of meaningful research questions and analysis methods in close consultation with golf practitioners is essential in the process
GAIT COORDINATION VARIABILITY BETWEEN TRAINED RUNNERS AND NON-RUNNERS
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to examine the differences in coordination variability in gait running between trained runners and non-runners. Kinematic data were collected from 20 participants divided into two groups (runners and non-runners) during treadmill running. Coordination variability was evaluated by calculating continuous relative phase (CRP) for four coupling pairs. The CRP variability averaged over the entire stance phase was equal between both groups of runners in the coupling joint analysed (t 0.192). The result suggest that the skill level did not influence on the CRP variability in running gait
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SPANISH RECREATIONAL RUNNERS
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to analyze how different training aspects and biological factors in running affect the probability of suffering an injury and which muscles and joints are more susceptible to develop an injury. A total of 408 subjects, 206 cases and 202 controls, participated in the investigation. The inferior body was more prone to an injury, especially the muscles and tendons associated with the knee and the shank. Several characteristics of the runner and his/her training habits like the sex, age, experience, motivation and mileage have an impact on the injury risk. This information is very useful because biomechanists and coaches can design programs to improve the technique of the runners and reduce the risk of an injury
RELATION BETWEEN AERODYNAMIC FORCE AND FLIGHT POSTURE IN M E FLIGHT PHASE TRAINING OF SKI JUMPING USING WIND TUNNEL
Get PDFThe wind environment imitating the flight phase of ski jumping is duplicated in the wind tunnel laboratory and ski jumpers (20.7*7.1yrs) trained there for flight phase. The purpose of this study was to get the suggestion about the flight posture to extend a flight distance to analyze aerodynamic force and flight posture at the training. As the result, the jumper having high L/D was small forward leading angle, attack angle of attack, attack angle of lower limb and bending angle of shoulder (p< .01-05). the jumper having large SR was large attack angle of ski and small forward leading angle (p < .01)