ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
Not a member yet
5464 research outputs found
Sort by
A COMPARISON OF GAIT REGULATION STRATEGIES BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND FAILED POLE VAULT PERFORMANCE
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the difference in gait regulation strategy of pole vault approach runs between successful and failed trials. Five male junior pole vaulters completed full vaulting to 90-95% personal best height. These trials were categorized into successful and failed trials. Step length and the distance from toe to the planting box were obtained using a two dimensional direct linear transformation procedure. In successful trials, standard deviations of the toe-box distance (SDTB) at the last step and take-off of were significantly smaller than those of failed trials (p < 0.05). We observed a clear difference in gait regulation strategy between successful and failed trials, thereby suggesting that to minimize the fluctuations of the tm-box distance immediately before the take-off is a key gait regulation strategy for successful pole vault performance
OPTIMAL PATHWAY IN INNER LANE CURVING DURING MAXIMAL EFFORT SPRINT SPEED SKATING
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the optimal pathway in the inner lane curving during maximal effort sprint skating with reference to changes in skating speed and crossover cycle motion for three different types of pathway by using wide-range three-dimensional motion analysis. This study suggests that the optimal pathway to enter the first inner curve might be to pass through the center of a 4m-wide lane or across a slightly more outer position at the inflection point of the skating oval. Taking the recommended pathway, skaters would improve their crossover technique, especially for the left stroke, and their final lap time could be faster in spite of the disadvantage of the roundabout way
EVIDENCE OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY FOR THE USE OF A HELMET IMPACT DROP SYSTEM
Get PDFHead and brain injuries pose a significant threat to the health and well being of athletes. Helmets used in contact sports have proven to be effective in managing linear accelerations applied to the brain. One form of evaluating helmet performance is through the simulation of head impacts acceleration measures using a free-fall drop system and head surrogates (i.e., headforms). The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of reliability and validity for the use of a new helmet drop system to measure linear acceleration for future helmet impact research. Concurrent-related evidence of validity was observed (lCC=0.844-0.952, pc less than 0.005) and the system was shown to be highly reliable (ICC=0.922, pc less than 0.005) in measuring linear accelerations applied to the head, suggesting it can be used to accurately and consistently measure linear acceleration in future research
THE EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION GARMENTS ON SPORTS PERFORMANCE AND FATIQUE
Get PDFThis study is to explore the effects of compression garments on sports performance and fatigue. Testees performed 20-meter sprints in normal shorts and compression garments. Following the sprints, the testees performed vertical jumps before and after the fatigue test. Fatigue test is based on the Opto Jump 60-s CMJ test. Fatigue indices were then calculated. Biomechanics data were collected through two AMTl force plates and an eightcamera motion analysis system. Our research findings indicate that the average sprint times for normal shorts and compression garments are not statistically different, that the fatigue indices for compression garments are significantly lower than those for normal shorts, and, finally, that the jump performance pre- and post- fatigue test for compression garments did not differ statistically. This implies that compression garments can ease fatigue and, consequently, lead to better performance
EFFECT OF ATTACHlNG STRING DAMPERS ON VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A TENNIS RACKET
Get PDFThe "damper", a small device attached to the tennis racket string-bed, is commonly used by tennis players with little scientific support for its functions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of damper attachment on racket vibration characteristics. Two accelerometers attached at different locations were used to measure racket handle and string-bed vibration patterns with and without a damper. Ball-racket impacts were controlled by releasing the ball abve the racket for producing consistent impact intensity at four different locations. Although amplitudes of spring-bed acceleration could be reduced by the damper, vibration on the racket handle was not affected by the damper
THE RELIABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TlBlAL ACCELERATION DURING RUNNING
Get PDFAxial and resultant peak tibial acceleration might be useful for screening/monitoring runners at risk of lower limb injury. This study quantified between-session reliability and variability of axial and resultant peak tibial acceleration during running. Fourteen runners completed four running speeds at two testing sessions seven days apart with tri-axial wireless accelerometers attached to the tibia. Average mean differences between sessions across all four speeds (for the right or left side) were 4.5-5.7% (ES 0.01-0.17; ICC 0.73-0.95; CV% 7.5-1 7.9) for axial and 0.9-5.1 % (ES 0.01 -0.1 2; ICC 0.84-0.97; CV% 5.913.9)) for resultant peak tibial acceleration. While both axial and resultant peak tibial acceleration are reliable and therefore appropriate for monitoring and assessment of an intervention, resultant peak tibial acceleration should be preferentially used
IDENTIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREPARATORY MECHANICS AND AN ATHLETES RISK OF ACL INJURY: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
Get PDFThis study investigated whether an athlete\u27s mechanics during the preparatory phase of unplanned sidestepping predicted peak valgus knee moments during weight acceptance. Nine female community level team sport athletes completed an established sidestepping movement assessment. Preparatory anterior-posterior trunk momentum and left-right lateral trunk momentum, alongside trunk flexion range of motion during weight acceptance combined to predict 57% of the variance in peak knee valgus moments. These preliminary results show that preparatory trunk mechanics are related to subsequent peak knee valgus moments and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during unplanned sidestepping. A data set of 11 6 mixed characteristic athletes is currently being analysed to verify these findings
POSTURAL STABILITY DURING DROP LANDING IN MODERN DANCERS AND BALLET DANCERS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate postural stability of landing in modem and ballet dancers (n=18) during three different drop landings. Two-way mixed ANOVA were used to compare the differences of kinematic and ground reaction force (GRF) between the groups and the landing tasks. Modem dancers showed significant shorter center of pressure (COP) sway than that of ballet dancers (p less than 0.05). Maximum trunk forward flexion ( p less than 0.05) and knee flexion (p less than 0.05) occurred earlier in modem dancers than in ballet dancers. There were no significant differences in peak vertical GRF between two groups. These data suggest that greater trunk forward angle and shorter time between initial contact of the drop landing and the occurrence of the maximum trunk forward flexion and knee fiexion would relate to higher postural stability during landing in modern dancers
RESEARCH ON THE GAlT OF HEALTHY CHILDREN FROM 2 TO 6 YEARS OLDS
Get PDFIn order to show the basic characteristics of gait development of healthy children, this paper involved 320 children aging from 2 to 6 years old to test the gait during walking. The result showed that after two years old, knee joint participated inflexion and extend. 49 to 72-month-old children\u27s knee joint angle can be fully extended when it is stretching. And that is close to the normal adults. From 3 years old and later, ankle joints also started to participate. With the increase of month, impulse from 1 to 5 metatarsal tended to be stable. And the impulse of inner side of foot was all larger than that of the lateral side
AUTOMATIC CALCULATION OF PERSONAL BODY SEGMENT PARAMETERS WITH A MICROSOFT KINECT DEVICE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to introduce an automatic method for calculating personal body segment parameters (BSPs). In this automatic method, a Microsoft Kinect device was used to capture depth frames for measuring joint locations. The open source software, MakeHuman, was used for generating 3D human models by referring using the joint location data captured from the depth frames. Segmental meshes were obtained from the generated 3D human models and personal BSPs could be calculated automatically. The tests showed that the developed method can complete all of the processes without manual digitizing, anatomical landmark detection and medical scanner operation. Further research should be conducted to establish the accuracy of the segmental masses, centres of mass and moments of inertia acquired from the developed methods