ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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FROM TRADITIONAL TO INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES FOR INERTIAL BODY MOTION CAPTURE
Full text linkInertial motion capture (mocap) is a widespread technology for capturing human motion outside the lab, e.g. for applications in sports, ergonomics, rehabilitation and personal fitness. Even though mature systems are commercially available, inertial mocap is still a subject of research due to a number of limitations: besides measurement errors and sparsity, also simplified body models and calibration routines, soft tissue artefacts and varying body shapes lead to limited precision and robustness compared to optical gold standard systems. The goal of the research group wearHEALTH at the TU Kaiserslautern is to tackle these challenges by bringing together ideas and approaches from different disciplines including biomechanics, sensor fusion, computer vision and (optimal control) simulation. In this talk, we will present an overview of our approaches and applications, starting from the more traditional ones
TRANSLATING MOVEMENT DATA IN PERFORMANCE OR DISABILITY METRICS USING BARCODE AND SIGNATURE
Full text linkThis paper present two recent collaborative developments for translating movement data into relevant information measuring objectively performance or disability. Using the signals from body-worn inertial units (Physilog®) combined with advanced data fusion algorithm, daily-life motor performance on one side and running performance on the other side were measured and analysed using new descriptive metrics referred as “Barcode” and “Signature”. The development and validation of those two applications in the case of Stroke patients and Amateur athletes are described, and their potential use in clinical and sports routine will be discussed
THE EFFECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF DYNAMIC WARM-UP AND STATIC STRETCHING ON POWER AND SPEED
Full text linkStatic stretching has often been found to decrease performance in power and speed activities, but dynamic warm-ups usually increase performance. We examined the effects of a mini-band warm-up, a medicine ball warm-up, and static stretching on 10m and 20m sprint times, as well as overhead medicine ball throw performance. Twenty-four Division I female soccer players completed the three warm-ups and a control 5 minute jog condition on separate days and were tested on the 10m and 20m sprint times and overhead medicine ball throw. ANOVA\u27s and follow-up paired t-tests ( ~ ~ 0 . 0 5w)er e used to determine differences between the warm-ups. Significant differences were found between groups for the 1 Om sprint times but not for the 20m sprint times or the overhead medicine ball throw
THE EFFECT OF ALTERING STRENGTH AND APPROACH VELOCITY ON TRIPLE JUMP PERFORMANCE
Full text linkThe triple jump is an athletic event comprising three phases in which the optimal proportion of each phase to the total distance jumped, termed the phase ratio, is unknown. This study used a whole body toque-driven computer simulation model of all three phases of the triple jump to investigate the effect of strength and approach velocity on optimal technique. The strength and approach velocity of the simulation model was increased by up to 30% in 10% increments from baseline data collected from a national standard triple jumper. Increasing strength always resulted in an improved performance, increasing velocity also typically resulted in an improved performance but there was a point past which increasing velocity without increasing strength did not lead to an increase in performance. Increasing both strength and velocity by lo%, 20%, and 30% led to roughly equivalent increases in triple jump distance. The phase ratio employed by the simulation model typically became more balanced when the strength of the model was increased by more than its velocity
HIP AND KNEE LOADING OF KARATE PLAYERS PERFORMING TRAINING AND COMPETITION STYLE VERSIONS OF A ROUNDHOUSE KICK
Full text linkThe main purpose of this study was to examine hip and knee joint loading during the performance of the common roundhouse kicking technique in both a training mode and in a competition mode. 15 black belt karate players performed roundhouse kicks in two different ways, basic kick and competition kick. Motion and force data were collected with a VlCON motion analysis system and two Kistler force plates. 3D joint motions and joint moments about the hip and knee of both the support leg and kicking leg for all kicks were calculated. The maximum moments were more varied between kick types for the kicking leg but the joint angles were similar in most cases. Joint loading comparable to the literature was found for joint previously examined but several high joint moments at extremes of motion were found in the supporting leg
HOW SAFE ARE THE CODE OF POINTS LANDING TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS? PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Full text linkTo examine the effect of the code of points landing technical requirements in artistic gymnastics, eight female artistic gymnasts performed backward somersault dismounts off a 90 cm vaulting box. Three dimensional motion as well as upper back accelerations were measured for three landing techniques: current competition landing with feet together (FT); competition landing with a step back (SB); landing with feet shoulder width apart (FA). Group average impact forces were lowest for the FA technique; individual analyses showed SB or FA techniques were safer for 75% of gymnasts. Upper back accelerations indicating how well they could control the impact shock did not differ between the three landing techniques. The landing rule in gymnastics does have an effect on the initial and werall impact loads for backward somersault dismounts
AMPUTATION SIDE AND SITE DETERMINE PERFORMANCE CAPACITY IN PARALYMPIC CURVE SPRINTING
Full text linkIn the 2015 IPC world championships athletes with amputation at the inside leg were underrepresented in the finals of the 200 and 400 m sprinting events. Yet there is only very limited information on amputee curve sprinting and the influence of side and/or level of amputation on propulsion mechanisms. The aim of this study was to describe amputee curve sprinting kinetics and to it compare to able-bodied athletes. Three amputee athletes with different amputations of the lower limb and six able-bodied athletes performed curved runs. Results show differences between athletes in the ability to create high vertical and centripetal forces and suggest a dependence on site (above and below knee) and side (left or right) of amputation. Running specific prosthesis might benefit from design adaptation if used at the left limb in curve running
EFFECTIVE TIMING OF EXERTING JOINT TORQUES TO OBTAIN BASEBALL BAT HEAD SPEED
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to quantify the effective timings of exerting joint torques for obtaining a large bat head speed at the ball impact in baseball batting motion. Twelve baseball batters performed hitting a teed ball as strongly as possible. The whole-body segments with bat were modelled as a system of sixteen-rigid linked segments. The kinematic and kinetic data were measured with the motion capture system with 3 force platforms and an instrumented bat. The major contributors were calculated using the equation of the whole-body motion considering the generating factors of the motion-dependent term. Since the instances when the individual contributions show peak values differ among the contributions of the major positive contributors, effective timings of exerting large joint torques exist for obtaining a large head speed at the ball impact
KINEMATIC COMPARISONS OF KETTLEBELL TWO-ARM SWINGS BETWEEN EXPERTS AND BEGINNERS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic comparisons of kettlebell two-arm swings between experts and beginners in order to find out biomechanical key points for preventing sports injuries and enhancing kettlebell performance. Four experts and three beginners performed kettlebell two-arm swings fifteen times with a 16 kg kettlebell. Experts demonstrated larger ranges of motions (ROM) of pelvic segment and hip joint than beginners, while beginners revealed larger ROM of shoulder joint than experts. Magnitudes and sequential orders of peak angular velocities of major joints were significantly different between two groups. Conclusively, the mobility of pelvic segment and hip joint are required, while the stability of the other joint are needed to produce appropriate kettlebell two-arm swings. The activation and strength of gluteus muscles would be key contributors
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VERTICAL STIFFNESS IN MAXIMAL AND SUBMAXIMAL HOPPING TESTS AND RUNNING PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG MIDDLEDISTANCE RUNNERS: A PILOT STUDY
Full text linkThis study investigated the relationship between vertical stiffness in the sub-maximal and maximal bilateral hopping test and middle-distance running performance in young middle distance runners. The longer distance running performance was more correlated with normalized vertical stiffness in sub-maximal hopping, Wile the sprint performance was statistically linked to vertical stiffness in maximal hopping. Vertical stiffness measured in combination of the sub-maximal and maximal hopping tests might be utilized as a useful indicator for middle-distance running performance. Accordingly, incorporating plyometric exercises, especially involving vertical motions, might benefit middle-distance running performance