ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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THE SPEED DISTRIBUTION OF HORSE RACING IN 1200 METERS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to investigate the speed distribution models of horse speed racing in 1200 meters. 900 horses in 1200m speed racing were investigated. When divided the 1200m equally into three 400m sections, it showed there are two models were employed by most winners: slow-medium-fast and medium-slow-fast. The relative lager variation of the velocity coefficients in the third section indicated that the coordination of horse and jockey in the spring stage should be improved.purpose of this study was to identify the causes of rejection of papers from conference
THE KICK START: KEY OF ITS SUPERIORITY
Full text linkThe purposed of this study was to observe the differences between the grab start and the kick start regarding the initial position that determines the aspect that the swimmers must train to improve their start. Results showed some advantages in the times obtained by the kick start in the block phase, keeping them until the hands entry. The kick start was able to reach a similar entry distance, similar than the grab start can do, at 0.18 s less with a small difference in the horizontal velocity in the flight. The rear foot allows the swimmers to reach an acceleration peak of 11.81 ± 2.05 m/s² in 0.37 ± 0.05 s while in the grab start the values were lower and the increase of the acceleration more progressive (8.97 ± 1.02 m/s² in 0.67 ± 0.08 s). With the kick start the swimmers were able to produce a great horizontal force since the moment of the starting signal
NEUROMECHANICS OF CYCLING: OPPORTUNITIES FOR OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE
Full text linkFrom the very simple (external power output) to the more complex variables (effective force profile, index of effectiveness, specific joint power) up to a neuro-musculo-skeletal integrative approach, we will focus on the following items: a clear definition of each concepts and variables, the tools needed for its accurate measurement and the state of scientific knowledge (and/or illustration) about its potential interest for the cycling performance. The ultimate approach using musculoskeletal models will also be mentioned just to give an idea of the potential interest to use them in a cycling performance enhancement endeavor
NEW RESEARCH APPROACHES ARE UNRAVELLING THE MYSTERY OF PROPULSIVE MECHANISMS IN SWIMMING
Full text linkVarious explanations regarding how swimmers generate propulsion have been proffered during the last half century, Investigations have been limited by the current technical \u27state of the art\u27. The main limitations have related to the difficulty of directly measuring propulsive and resistive forces and in observing the behaviour of the fluid. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an historical account of how developing methods of analysis are enabling us to unravel the mystery of propulsion in swimming
FORCE AND MOMENT EXERTED BY EACH HAND ON AN INSTRUMENTED GOLF CLUB
Full text linkThis article shows an issue of the analysis on golf swing motion, and then introduces an instrumented golf club as a solution for the issue. During the golf swing motion, the upper limbs and a club make a closed multisegment loop, where it is impossible to calculate the forces and moments exerted by each hand via inverse dynamics due to the kinetic redundancy of the closed loop system. An instrumented grip handle equipped with twelve sets of strain gauges was designed to measure the forces and moments exerted by each hand. The results of kinetic analysis for a professional golf instructor indicates that 1 ) the force exerted along the club shaft by the grip-end side hand shows significant large values toward the ball impact, and 2) the forces exerted by both hands in the axes that are perpendicular to the club shaft show coupled force patterns
THE EFFECTS Of VOLLEYBALL ATTACKING ON SCORE POINTS: A CASE STUDY OF 2014 TVL IN TAIWAN
Full text linkVolleyball is a sport in which team tactical and players\u27 attacking skills determine to score points. Therefore, an effective team tactical is achieved by main spikers\u27 and middle blockers\u27 skills. To name but a few, delayed spike, open spike and back-row spike are main spikers\u27 skills, yet quick spike, and individual time difference attack are associated with middle blockers\u27. Under this aspect, a case study of male teams of Taiwan Top Volleyball League (TVL) was yield out, which aimed at exploring the effects of team tactical and players attacking skills on score points. The results indicated that the attacking point ratio of main spikers and middle blockers in the champion team was higher than others. This was because the middle blockers gave cover to main spikers as attacking. By doing so, it promoted point ratio to main spikers. Furthermore, it found that to strengthen main spikers and middle blockers\u27 skills would increase team\u27s attacking point ratio
STEP CHARACTERISTICS DURING LONG JUMP APPROACH: RELIANCE AND ASYMMETRY CONSIDERATIONS
Full text linkThis study\u27s aim was to investigate step characteristic reliance and asymmetry during the long jump approach. Spatiotemporal data of the approach run were collected in national and international athletic competitions of 10 males (age 26.2 & 4.1 yrs, height 1.84 & 0.06 m, mass 72.77 i 3.23 kg, PB 7.96 i 0.30 m) and 9 females (26.3 i 2.19 yrs, 1.73 i 0.05 m, 55.75 * 3.79 kg, 6.68 * 0.20 m). Only two males showed step length reliance and only during late approach. Step frequency reliance was demonstrated during total, early and late approach, most prevalently during the latter (7110 male & 319 female). Four males and females displayed step length asymmetry whilst three males and two females were asymmetrical for frequency. No athletes showed step velocity asymmetry. In conclusion, asymmetrical demands of take-off were not consistently reflected in step characteristics
WHY OVER-ROTATION IS NOT GOOD FOR ROTATIONAL SHOT PUT?
Full text linkThis study used three-dimensional motion analysis to determine the motion of rotational shot put. We sought to elucidate the effect of over-rotation in rotational shot put. The results showed that dirction of the center of gravity of the body (CG direction) correlates with the angular momentum of the shot-and-thrower system. As the magnitude of variability of CG direction relative to the horizontal plane increased, angular momentum of the shot-and-thrower system relative to its vertical axis decreased at the second turn @ < 0.05). CG direction showed a strong dependence on the contact position of the foot. We suggest that throwers avoid over-rotation by placing the foot straight from L-off to Lon
ANALYSIS OF STROKE, COORDINATIVE AND TEMPORAL PARAMETERS IN TRANSITION FROM UNDERWATER TO SURFACE SWIMMING
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to characterize the stroking, coordinative and temporal parameters of international swimmers during transition from underwater to surface swimming. 12 international junior swimmers were filmed on the four strokes and they wre video analysed using DLT-20 algorithms to calculate the swimming velocity, stroking rate and stroking length at emersion as well as the index of coordination (IdC) and the % of each stroke phase duration on the complete cycle. The descriptive analysis of these data showed higher swimming velocity, stroking rate and IdC but shorter stroking length than previous studies characterizing free swimming. Also, the relative duration of the non-propulsive stroke phases was shorter when emerging from underwater. Therefore, the stroke, coordinative and temporal parameters should also be monitored during the transition phase of the swimming start and turns
TEAM PULLING TECHNIQUE OF ELITE FEMALE INDOOR-TOW ATHLETES FROM A DRONE\u27S POINT OF VIEW
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to clarify the team pulling technique on Drive phase for Japanese female elite tug of war team from drone\u27s point of view. In order to examine the pulling movement, digital video camera was set at the ceiling of gymnasium, the game performed by 2 elite teams (finalists) in 2006 All Japan Tug of War Championship tournament were videotaped from right above and analyzed displacement of X, Y-aAs for all puller and foot position by using two dimensional motion analysis system. All puller moved from side-to-side at regular intervals, rightward movement and backward movement got into synchronization. While at leftward movement back a right foot step, while rightward movement, left foot set back to right foot position. These movement make it likely 7 pullers and anchor synchronized the pulling timing and direction as far as possible, which culminated in lower the loss of the force