ISBS (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports): Conference Proceedings Archive
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A BIOMECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF EXTERNALLY MANIPULATED TOES
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to analyse ankle kinematics and plantar pressure while running to investigate the biomechanics of externally manipulated *deformed toes and natural toes. Seven habitually barefoot male runners joined the test under toes binding (deformed) and separate (natural) conditions, and Vicon and Novel insole were taken synchronously to collect foot kinematics and plantar pressure. Ankle showed larger range of motion in the frontal plane while running under natural toes condition, though no obvious significance existed. The medial forefoot had smaller force time integral, and hallux had larger force time integral than those of running with deformed toes condition, with significance level p less than 0.05. The greater loading taken by hallux and smaller forefoot loading while natural toes running may attribute to the active gripping function of toes. It was important for the efficiency of windlass mechanism, which would be great beneficial for running performance improvement and foot (metatarsal) injury prevention
DOES REARFOOT EVERSION ANGLE REPRESENT REARFOOT EXTERNAL EVERSION MOMENT DURING STANCE PHASE OF RUNNING?
Full text linkRearfoot external eversion moment has been thought to contribute to overuse running injuries. Conventionally, the rearfoot eversion angle was used to evaluate the susceptibility of overuse running injuries. However, the relationship between the angle and moment has never been examined. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between the maximum rearfoot eversion angle and the maximum rearfoot external eversion moment during stance phase of running were estimated. As poor, not significant correlation obtained between these two variables, it can be assumed that the rearfoot eversion angle does not represent external eversion moment. From this result, it can be suggested that the use the kinetic variables such as external moment, is preferred to detect the susceptibility of overuse running injuries
THE EFFECT OF KNEE FATIGUE ON SHOCK ABSORPTION DURING CUTTING MOVEMENT AFTER JUMP-LANDING
Full text linkThis study aimed to investigate the effect of knee fatigue on shock absorption during cutting movements after jump-landings. Twenty-four healthy subjects performed cutting movements following jump-landings from 40 cm height, and Pre, Post-SO%, and Post- 30% of their pre-test measured maximum toque, used by isokinetic flexion/extension of the knee. Results showed that Post 30% fatigue were associated with decreased ROM of the knee, increased ROM of the ankle, decreased load rate, increased knee stiffness, decreased peak power of the knee, decreased work of the knee, and increased work of the ankle. We suggest that the post-30% fatigue appears to be the threshold to quantify the fatigue level. This study indicate that increases in fatigue modify the strategy shock absorption from knee to ankle in cutting movements following jump landings
RELIABILITY OF A TESTING PROTOCOL TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF SPRING LOADED CANE MECHANISMS ON UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITY GROUND REACTION FORCES, MUSCLE ACTIVITY, AND EASE OF USE DURING GAIT
Full text linkThe purpose of this pilot study was to assess the reliability of a testing protocol to examine differences between spring-loaded and traditional canes for future research. Healthy participants (n=20) were fitted with a T-Scope knee brace and three types of canes. Each participant walked over two force plates, where EMG, force and impulse data were collected. Participants also completed an Ease of Use questionnaire. Five trials were performed using each type of cane. Intra-class correlation (ICC) values were calculated for all dependent variables. All ICC values were greater than 0.7, indicating a high level of reliability. The Ease of Use questionnaire had a high level of internal consistency, as determined by a Cronbach\u27s Alpha of 0.834. Future research will examine causal links between springloaded and traditional canes and improvements in the measured variables
ACCURACY AND VALIDITY: DO INSTRUMENTED TREADMILLS STAY IN THE RUNNING?
No full textL i e is known regarding the reliability and validity of kinetic and temporal variables recorded by the Zebris FDM-THC! instrumented treadmill in comparison to Pedar-X in-sole system. Twenty participants walked and ran three times on the Zebris treadmill, whilst wearing the same running shoes fitted with Pedar-X in-soles. Maximal vertical force, contact time, and flight time data from five consecutive left and right foot contacts were derived from both systems. Within- and between day reliability (ICC and SEM%), validity (95% limits of agreement) and smallest detectable differences (SDD) were calculated. Data presented indicates a trade off between accuracy and ease of use but support the use of the Zebris treadmill in clinical practice where baseline measurements and follow up assessment are commonplace
RECENT COLLABORATION TRENDS IN APPLIED BIOMECHANICS
Full text linkThis study documented the recent changes in collaboration in original research in applied biomechanics. Original research articles (N = 132) published in 2005 and 20 14 volumes of the Journal of Applied Biomechanics and Sports Biomechanics were reviewed to document several collaboration variables. There were no significant interactions with journal, so journal data were collapsed for comparison across years. There were significant increases in mean number of authors and in the complexity of designlstatistics of 2014 research reports. Other collaboration variables were not different across this 10-year period. Overall the trend toward increased collaboration in applied biomechanics research reports may have only had a minor influence on increasing research quality
EFFECTS OF CONTACT SURFACE PROPERTIES ON MULTI-FINGER FORCE PRODUCTION TASKS IN HUMANS
Full text linkThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of contact surface properties, which presumably determine the level of stimulation on the cutaneous receptors, on multifinger force production and synergic actions of finger forces. The framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis was used to quantify indices of multi-finger synergies stabilizing total force in normal and tangent directions as well as the direction of resultant force (i.e., force angle) during steady-state force production. There was significant effect of contact surface on the magnitude of maximal voluntary contraction force. Also, there was a significant effect of the contact surface on the indices of force-direction (i.e., force angle) stabilizing synergies meaning that the stimulation on the cutaneous receptors could be an effective way to enhance the abili to organize the direction of finger forces
A Feedback Controller pesign for a Biomechanical Model of the Press Handstand in Gymnastics
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to design a PID based control system for a biomechanical model of the press handstand in gymnastics. The model was utilized to simulate a press handstand performance of a gymnast. A total of 10 simulations were performed using different controller parameters to achieve a decent result in joint kinematics which matches with the actual performance. The results of this study showed that maximum and minimum toque values can be used as proportional gain of a P controller. This PID based feedback control model can be developed and used for classification of the control parameters among press handstands performed on different apparatuses sudl as rings and parallel bars in gymnastics
ANALYSIS OF KINEMATIC PATTERNS IN RUNNERS. AN APPROACH BASED ON INERTIAL SENSORS AND FUNCTIONAL DATA ANALYSIS
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to define a methodology able to analyse the foot motion using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) integrated in the midsole of the running shoe. Nineteen subjects performed two tests: an incremental running test in order to determine their individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and, 2-7 days later, a constant-speed test according to their speed at IAT. The foot motion at the sagittal plane was analysed using Functional Data Analysis (FDA) techniques. This methodology enables to determine the variations in the runners´ steps comparing two fatigue states
VELOCITY-DEPENDENT TUNING OF MOTOR STRATEGY DURING 3D ARM MOVEMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO COMPOSITE COST FUNCTIONS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to investigate the link between composite cost functions, within the framework of optimal control, and the velocity-dependent tuning of motor strategy observed during the control of unconstrained 3D arm movements. We considered an arm pointing task at three different speeds. Experimental results indicated a change of rotation axis for most subjects from the geometrical shoulder-elbow (SE) axis toward the minimum principal inertia (e3) axis as velocity increased. These findings were interpreted based on a numerical inverse optimal control approach, assuming a total cost composed of kinematic, energetic and dynamic elements. While the kinematic cost predominated at low speed, the contribution of energetic/dynamic costs was reinforced for speeded movements, likely to exploit the inertial properties of the arm