E-Journal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran / E-Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
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Differences in CD95L Levels and Blood Test Results in Primary and Secondary Dengue Infection Patients
Get PDFDengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that is transmitted mainly by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. There are four serotypes of DEN, leading to a possibility that a person may be infected four times by this virus, albeit with different serotypes. Recovery from infection with one viral serotype provides lifelong immunity to the same serotype but not to the other serotypes. Secondary infection by other serotypes increases the risk of developing severe dengue. The pathogenesis of severe dengue involves apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells that leads to plasma leakage. In addition, there is usually a decrease in platelets and leukocytes and an increase in hematocrit. This study aimed to compare the results of the CD95L examination involved in the apoptotic process and the results of blood tests in primary and secondary dengue patients. This was a cross-sectional study performed in a four months period (September–December 2019) involving several clinics and doctor's private practices in Medan, Indonesia. Subjects were eighty-four dengue patients, consisting of 18 (21%) patients with primary infection and 66 (79%) with secondary infection. Data collected were tested with the Mann Whitney test with p-value of <0.05 considered significant. A significant difference (p value=0.007) was observed in the lymphocyte counts between primary and secondary dengue patients, but no differences were seen in CDL95 level, platelet count, leukocyte count, and hematocrit. In conclusion, except for the lymphocyte count, there is no difference in CD95L level and blood test results between primary and secondary dengue patients
A Ten-Year Study on Risk Factors of Orchiectomy in Testicular Torsion
Get PDFTesticular torsion is a common urological emergency among children, peaking in neonates and pubertal age with an incidence rate of 3.8 in 100.000 (0.004%) annually. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of testicular torsion cases and risk factors for orchiectomy in testicular torsion patients. This was a retrospective study on medical records of patients diagnosed with testicular torsion underwent surgery at the urology department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, from January 2009 to August 2019. Patient characteristics including age, duration of symptom, location, etiology, and degree of torsion were analyzed. A total of 86 cases of testicular torsion were identified, with most cases (54 cases, 62.8%) occured at the mean age 14.67 ± 2.4 years old. Most patients (69 patients, 80.2 %) arrived more than six hours after the onset, and 65 (75.5%) and 4 (4.6%) of them underwent orchiectomy and orchidopexy, respectively. The remaining patients (17 patients, 19.8%) came less than 6 hours after the onset and only 8 (9.3%) and 9 (10.4%) underwent orchiectomy and orchidopexy, respectively. Both duration of torsion (p = 0.000, P<0.05) and degree of torsion (p = 0.006 , P<0.05) were significantly correlated with orchiectomy. In conclusion, the risk factor for orchiectomy is strongly related to duration and degree of torsion. The chance for testis salvation increases if torsion happens before 4.5 hours and the degree of torsion is below 180 degrees. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is the only key to testicular salvation
Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 (SCA3) Patient with Peripheral Neuropathy
Get PDFSpinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 3 is a neurodegenerative disease which involves cerebellum and extra cerebellum. Neuropathy in SCA3 manifests in various ways, including axonal and demyelination lesions in sensory and motor nerves. There has not been any study that describes the peripheral neuropathy characteristics of SCA3 patients in Indonesia at the time of this publication. This paper reports a case of a 43-year-old male with known spinocerebellar ataxia 3 presented with hereditary ataxia and mild numbness in both palms since two years before. No abnormalities were found during the sensory examination. The NCS showed severe axonal demyelinating sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an atrophy in the cerebellum with cerebral multiple lacunar infarction was identified. Electrophysiological results revealed profound axonal lesion in peripheral nerves. To conclude, peripheral neuropathy in SCA3 represents the dominance of axonal lesions in motor nerves
Haemopoietic Actions of Justicia secunda Leaf Extracts in Mice
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the haemopoietic effects of Justicia secunda leaf ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts in mice and compare these effects with the effects of standard antianaemic agents.Methods: Sixteen groups of mice, six in each group, were used for the study. Anemia was induced in Groups 1 to 12 using 20 mg/kg i.p. phenylhydrazine (PHZ) daily for 2 days, followed by either ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate or n-butanol extracts for 6 days. Groups 13 and 14 were induced for anemia and then received 200 mg/kg ferrous sulphate and vitamin B12 for 6 days. Group 15 (positive control) received 20 mg/kg PHZ i.p. only, while group 16 (negative control) was untreated. Blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexuses of the mice into EDTA-containing bottles on the 7th day and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb) level, packed cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell volume. Red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts were also measured.Results: The ethanol leaf extract of J. secunda significantly increased the hematological parameters of mice compared to the positive and negative controls (p < 0.05). However, the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n- butanol extracts showed greater hemopoietic effects (p < 0.001) than the ethanol extract and standard antianemic drugs. The extract of J. secunda leaf tended to stimulate erythropoiesis comparable to the standard antianemic drugs, especially the n-hexane.Conclusion: Justicia secunda leaf extracts exert hemopoietic actions in mice, while the n-hexane extract shows greater haemopoietic activities than ferrous sulphate and vitamin B12
Relationship between Parenting Style and Maternal Personal Hygiene with Children’s Personal Hygiene in North Jakarta
Get PDFBackground: Personal hygiene habits need to be practiced since early childhood because they are essential mechanisms in breaking the chain of transmission of various diseases. Important factors that affect children's personal hygiene are parenting style and maternal personal hygiene. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting style and maternal personal hygiene with their children’s personal hygiene.Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional method conducted in July-December 2019. Parenting style and personal hygiene questionnaires were completed by students’ mothers from four primary schools in North Jakarta (n 327). The study used the total sampling method Data collection was analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher exact test.Results: The study showed that 98.5% of students were raised with a non-exposure or authoritative parenting style, of which 57.5% of mothers had poor personal hygiene., Due to this, 61.8% of students had poor personal hygiene. Interestingly, there was a significant relationship between maternal personal hygiene and children's personal hygiene (p = 0.023). However, there was no significant relation between parenting style and children's personal hygiene (p = 0.065).Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between parenting style and children's personal hygiene. There is a significant relationship between maternal personal hygiene and children's personal hygiene. Therefore, parents need to apply the proper parenting style supported by other factors, such as good maternal personal hygiene, to encourage and educate children in achieving good personal hygiene
Perbandingan Efek Asam Traneksamat, Etamsylate dan Kombinasi dengan Profil Waktu Perdarahan pada Operasi Sedang
Get PDFPemilihan agen hemostatis yang baik diharapkan dapat memfasilitasi hemostasis intraoperatif dan selanjutnya akan dapat memperbaiki hasil akhir pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan agen hemostatik antara asam traneksamat dan etamsylate atau dengan kombinasi terhadap efek hemostatik pada kasus perdarahan yang disebabkan oleh operasi sedang. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian pre dan post tindakan yang terdiri dari 33 subjek yang menjalani operasi sedang. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Solo selama Agustus–Oktober 2017. Setelah dilakukan randomisasi dilakukan pemeriksaan bleeding time sebelum dan sesudah tindakan yang telah diberi perlakuan 30 menit sebelum tindakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tes analitik komparatif numerik dengan skala ordinal dilanjutkan dengan uji statistik mengunakan non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis. Selisih waktu perdarahan sebelum dengan sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok asam traneksamat mengalami penurunan rerata -0,05±0,57 menit, kelompok etamsylate mengalami penurunan rerata -0,73±1,95 menit, dan kelompok kombinasi etamsylate dan asam traneksamat mengalami penurunan rerata -1,14±2,20 menit dengan perbedaan tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Simpulan, tidak didapatkan perbedaan pemberian asam traneksamat, estamsylate dan kombinas keduanya dengan waktu perdarahan.Effects of Tranexamic Acid, Etamsylate, and Combination with Bleeding Time Profile in Moderate SurgeryThe selection of an excellent hemostatic agent is expected to facilitate intraoperative hemostasis and further improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the difference between hemostatic agents, tranexamic acid and etamsylate, or a combination of hemostatic effects in bleeding caused by moderate surgery. This study was an experimental clinical trial with a pre-and post-action research design consisting of 33 subjects undergoing moderate surgery. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta from August to October 2017. After randomization, the bleeding time was checked before and after treatment, 30 minutes before the procedure. This study used a comparative numerical, analytical test with an ordinal scale followed by statistical tests using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis. The difference in bleeding time before and after treatment with the tranexamic acid group decreased with a mean of -0.05 ±0.57 minutes, the etamsylate group decreased with a mean of -0.73±1.95 minutes, and the etamsylate + tranexamic combination group decreased with a mean of -1.14±2.20 minutes, p-value=0.501 (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is no difference in the hemostatic effect between tranexamic acid, etamsylate, and the combination of tranexamic acid and etamsylate.Pemilihan agen hemostatis yang baik diharapkan dapat memfasilitasi hemostasis intraoperatif dan selanjutnya akan dapat memperbaiki hasil akhir pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan agen hemostatik antara asam traneksamat dan etamsylate atau dengan kombinasi terhadap efek hemostatik pada kasus perdarahan yang disebabkan oleh operasi sedang. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian pre dan post tindakan yang terdiri dari 33 subjek yang menjalani operasi sedang. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Solo selama Agustus–Oktober 2017. Setelah dilakukan randomisasi dilakukan pemeriksaan bleeding time sebelum dan sesudah tindakan yang telah diberi perlakuan 30 menit sebelum tindakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tes analitik komparatif numerik dengan skala ordinal dilanjutkan dengan uji statistik mengunakan non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis. Selisih waktu perdarahan sebelum dengan sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok asam traneksamat mengalami penurunan rerata -0,05±0,57 menit, kelompok etamsylate mengalami penurunan rerata -0,73±1,95 menit, dan kelompok kombinasi etamsylate dan asam traneksamat mengalami penurunan rerata -1,14±2,20 menit dengan perbedaan tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Simpulan, tidak didapatkan perbedaan pemberian asam traneksamat, estamsylate dan kombinas keduanya dengan waktu perdarahan.
Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Quality of Life in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Get PDFBackground: Impaired growth and inadequacy of dietary intake in thalassemia patients may affect the quality of life. This study aimed to determine and examine the relationship between dietary intake, nutritional status, and quality of life in in patients with thalassemia major.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from February to October 2020. Twelve respondents who were registered at the Yayasan Thalassemia Indonesia and the blood transfusion unit at Fatmawati Hospital participated. This study conducted a physical examination and distributed food record questionnaires and WHOQOL-BREF. Data analysis was performed using Nutrisurvey 2007 and Fisher’s exact test.Results: The majority of the respondent were male (58.3%), categorized in the age group 5–18 years (58.3%), had normal nutritional status (50%) and quality of life. Interestingly, the respondents had an excess intake of protein and fats, while the intake of energy and carbohydrates was normal. Respondents had less intakes of all micronutrients. Conclusion: The majority of respondents have normal nutritional status and quality of life but have a low intake of micronutrients. Both patients and parents need to be further educated on dietary intake to meet their nutritional need
Hygiene and Sanitation Factors Affecting Contamination of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Household Water Sources in Jember, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Water sources used by households are at risk of contamination by soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Hygiene and sanitation have an essential role in the transmission and contamination of STH. The objective of this study was to analyze whether there was an association between hygiene and sanitation factors with STH contamination in household water sources in Jember Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was carried out from December 2020 to March 2021, including 46 samples from 23 respondents in Sukowono District and 23 respondents in Sukorambi District, Jember Regency, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Primary data on hygiene and sanitation risk factors were obtained from questionnaire interviews. The STH contamination in household water sources was examined by sedimentation and flotation methods. Data were analyzed using Fisher Exact test.Results: The identification of STH contamination in household water sources using microscope examination found hookworm species contaminated 8.7% (n=4) of water sources. There was a significant association between the type of human sewage disposal with STH contamination in household water sources (p=0.037). There was no association between hygiene and other sanitation factors with STH contamination in household water sources (p>0.05).Conclusions: Human sewage disposal that goes directly to sewers and rivers can cause contamination of water sources by STH. Therefore, it is important to dispose of human waste in septic tanks that comply with health requirements to prevent the transmission of STH to humans through water sources
Anticandidal Activity of Lactoferrin, Apolactoferrin, and Oligosaccharides on Mueller-Hinton and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar against Fluconazole Resistant-Candida Albicans
Get PDFBackground: The demand for novel, useful, potential, and safe antifungal drugs and rapid fungal susceptibility test methods due to antifungal resistance and high prevalence of Candida albicans infection are continuing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the antifungal activity of lactoferrin, apolactoferrin, and oligosaccharides isolated from human, bovine, goat, and formula milk against C. albicans on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and 5 µg/mL methylene blue and sabouraud dextrose agar.Methods: Lactoferrin, apolactoferrin, and oligosaccharides were extracted from human, bovine, goat, and formula milk. Lactoferrin was identified using the Bradford test and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Oligosaccharides were identified using Thin-Layer Chromatography. The antifungal activity of lactoferrin, apolactoferrin, and oligosaccharides against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans ATCC 10231 was determined and compared using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and sabouraud dextrose agar. The inhibition zone formed around the disk was observed after 24 hours of incubation.Results: Lactoferrin showed an inhibition zone on sabouraud dextrose agar against C. albicans, but not on Mueller-Hinton agar. Meanwhile, apolactoferrin and oligosaccharides showed no antifungal activity on both agar media.Conclusions: Different agar media in the diffusion disk test can give different results even though using the same test method and substance. These results could shed light and become the useful references on why some potential antifungals could yield a different results in in-vitro studies, in-vivo studies, or clinical trials