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Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients: A comparative polymerase chain reaction study
Get PDFThe detection frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in chronic periodontitis (CP) and
aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is not explored well in Indian population. Aim: The study was undertaken to detect P. gingivalis and
T. denticola in CP as well as in AgP patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to determine the relationship between the
frequency of these two microorganisms and the severity of clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods: Subgingival
plaque samples were collected from ninety participants (thirty CP patients, thirty AgP patients, and thirty healthy participants) and
the aforementioned two microorganisms were detected using PCR. Results: However, when CP and AgP were compared for
the detection frequency of two microorganisms, no statistically significant difference was noted. A statistically significant increase
in the number of bacteria‑positive sites increased as the score of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment
level of CP and AgP patients increased. Coexistence of P. gingivalis and T. denticola was frequently observed in deep periodontal
pockets. Conclusions: Study findings suggest that P. gingivalis and T. denticola are significantly associated with the severity of
periodontal tissue destruction. Statistically significant association exists between clinical periodontal parameters such as PI, GI,
periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss and presence of both the microorganism
Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity
Get PDFManganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5–5 mg/day) in human body. Chronic exposure to manganese
is associated with neurotoxicity and correlated with the development of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
Oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death has been well established mechanism in manganese induced toxicity. Oxidative stress
has a potential to alter the epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Epigenetic insight of manganese neurotoxicity in context of
its correlation with the development of parkinsonism is poorly understood. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the �-synuclein
aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies in neuronal cells. Recent fndings illustrate that manganese can cause overexpression of
�-synuclein. �-Synuclein acts epigenetically via interaction with histone proteins in regulating apoptosis. �-Synuclein also causes
global DNA hypomethylation through sequestration of DNA methyltransferase in cytoplasm. An individual genetic difference
may also have an influence on epigenetic susceptibility to manganese neurotoxicity and the development of Parkinson’s disease.
Tis review presents the current state of fndings in relation to role of epigenetic mechanism in manganese induced neurotoxicity,
with a special emphasis on the development of Parkinson’s disease
Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fugitive PM10 emissions from an integrated iron and steel plant
No full textFugitive emissions of PM10 (particles b10 μm in diameter) and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in the vicinity of coking unit, sintering unit, blast furnace and steel manufacturing unit in an integrated iron and steel plant situated in India. Concentrations of PM10, PM10-bound total PAHs, benzo (a) pyrene, carcinogenic PAHs and combustion PAHs were found to be highest around the sintering unit. Concentrations of 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs were recorded to be highest in the coking unit whereas 5-and 6-ring PAHs were found to be highest in other units. The following indicatory PAHs were identified: indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene,dibenzo (a,h) anthracene, benzo (k) fluoranthene in blast furnace unit; indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenzo (a,h)anthracene, chrysene in sintering unit; Anthracene, fluoranthene, chrysene in coking unit and acenaphthene,fluoranthene, fluorene in steel making unit. Total-BaP-TEQ (Total BaP toxic equivalent quotient) and BaP-MEQ (Total BaP mutagenic equivalent quotient) concentration levels ranged from 2.4 to 231.7 ng/m3 and 1.9 to 175.8 ng/m3, respectively. BaP and DbA (dibenzo (a,h) anthracene) contribution to total-BaP-TEQ was found to be the highest
Evaluation and Forecasting of Highway Traffic Noise in the city of Nagpur, India
Get PDFThe noise levels in Indian cities are largely affected due to increase in the number of vehicles and
growth of the transportation sector in the past few years. Transportation is crucial owing to Nagpur’s strategic
location in central India. The City is linked with four metros Viz. Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai through
roads, rails, and air. It’s also a major conjugation for roadways as India's two national highways, Hajira-Kolkata
(NH-06) and Kanyakumari-Varanasi (NH-07) are passing through the city. The main objective of this study is to
assess and predict the traffic noise levels of uninterrupted traffic flow on prominent highways, and an attempt
has been made to develop noise maps to represent an overall noise scenario of the city. Noise modelling and
prediction are performed using a modified Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) model. Substantial
correlation has been obtained between the measured and estimated noise levels, which gives R2 of 0.503 having
an error band of ± 3.8% with respect to the observed noise levels. Octave band spectral analysis reveals the
dominance of noise emission levels in the medium and high-frequency range. This study perceives the observed
equivalent noise levels at all the locations during the day and night hours exceeds up to 7.8 dB and 19.6 dB
respectively, when compared with the permissible limits prescribed by National standard and signifies that the
FHWA model is suitable for Indian road traffic conditions
Long-memory property in air pollutant concentrations
No full textIn the present paper, long-memory in air pollutant concentrations is reviewed and outcome of the past studies is
analyzed to provide the possible mechanism behind temporal evolution of air pollutant concentrations. It is observed
that almost all the studies showair pollutant concentrations over time possess persistence up to a certain
limit. Self-organized criticality of air pollution, multiplicative process of pollutant concentrations, and uniformity
in emission sources leading to self-organized criticality are fewof the phenomena behind the persistent property
of air pollutant concentrations. The self-organized criticality of air pollution is linked to atmosphere's selfcleansing
mechanism. This demonstrates that inspite of increasing anthropogenic emissions, self-organized criticality
of air pollution is sustained and has lowinfluence of human interventions. In the future, this property may,
however, be perturbed due to continuous air pollution emissions, which may influence the accuracy in
predictions
Ozone treatment of sulfamethoxazole in aqueous matrix and toxicity of its degradation products on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter xiangfangensis species
No full textSulfamethoxazole (SMX) is extensively used antibiotic and residue of SMX has been found in surface and drinking water in ng/L concentration. The advance oxidation process such as ozonation has been proposed for removal of SMX into its possible readily biodegradable intermediates and also limits its impact on the environment. About 20 g/h of ozone dosage used for treatment of sulfamethoxazole (four different concentrations of SMX 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm and 40 ppm) resulted in 99 % removal within 60 minutes of ozonation with the leftover of its degradation products. However, the toxicity of degradation products of SMX formed after ozone treatment on soil microorganism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter xiangfangensis) has not been reported. In the current study toxicity of degradation products using MTT assay has been reported. The study revealed that degradation product of SMX not showing any significant cytotoxic effect on the soil micro-organism compared to pure SMX
Ordered intermetallic Pt–Cu nanoparticles for the catalytic CO oxidation reaction
Get PDFPlatinum-based intermetallic nanoparticles (NPs), using the abundantly available element copper, with an
average particle size of 4–5 nm on a g-Al2O3 support were prepared successfully to reduce the
consumption of Pt for the removal of CO through the catalytic oxidation reaction from flue gases.
Intermetallic Pt–Cu NPs (Pt3Cu, PtCu, and PtCu3) with a Pt loading weight of 5 wt% were prepared on
the g-Al2O3 support by a simple wet impregnation method followed by calcination at various
temperatures (500–800 �C) in a H2 environment and they were characterized by powder X-ray
diffraction analysis (pXRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selective area
electron diffraction (SAED) method, etc. Despite the higher synthesis temperature of these intermetallic
NPs, they were not agglomerated and formed a highly ordered intermetallic structure. The surface of the
intermetallic Pt–Cu NPs with cubic-type structure (Pt3Cu and PtCu3) is enclosed of {200} facets,
regardless of the significant difference in their compositions. Whereas the surface of rhombohedral-type
intermetallic PtCu NPs is enclosed of {104} facets. Although the Pt-loading weight of these intermetallic
NPs was the same, Pt3Cu NPs showed a stable and enhanced catalytic activity compared to the other
intermetallic PtCu and PtCu3 NPs. Pt3Cu NPs showed an onset and maximum conversion temperature of
50 and 125 �C, respectively. The intermetallic phase between Pt and Cu of Pt3Cu NPs did not
decompose; however, the intermetallic phase did decompose for PtCu and PtCu3 NPs after catalytic CO
oxidation. Unlike PtCu and PtCu3 NPs, the Pt3Cu NPs were not agglomerated and they were finely
dispersed even after catalytic CO oxidation
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flavonoids: hesperidin, naringin and diosmin, and their antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity
No full textThree different flavonoids -hesperidin, naringin and diosmin (constituents of citrus plants) were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Aqueous solutions of pure flavonoids (0.2 mg mL-1) mixed with 1 mM AgNO3 solution were exposed to bright sunlight to prepare the nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthe- sized nanoparticles by UV–Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were 10–80 nm in size and polydispersed in nature. Bactericidal effect against com- mon pathogens and cytotoxicity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was investigated on human promyelocytic leukemic (HL-60) cells. It is concluded that AgNPs syn- thesized using Naringin as reducing agent showed higher stability and better antibacterial and cytotoxic activities
Global DNA methylation profling of manganese‑exposed human neuroblastoma SH‑SY5Y cells reveals epigenetic alterations in Parkinson’s disease‑associated genes
No full textManganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for optimal functioning of cellular biochemical pathways in the central nervous system. Elevated exposure to Mn through environmental and occupational exposure can cause neurotoxic effects resulting in manganism, a condition with clinical symptoms identical to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Epigenetics is now recognized as a biological mechanism involved in the etiology of various diseases. Here, we investigated the role of DNA methylation alterations induced by chronic Mn (100 µM) exposure in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells in relevance to Parkinson’s disease. A combined analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data for Parkinson’s disease-associated genes was carried out. Whole-genome bisulfite conversion and sequencing indicate epigenetic perturbation of key genes involved in biological processes associated with neuronal cell health. Integration of DNA methylation data with gene expression reveals epigenetic alterations to PINK1, PARK2 and TH genes that play critical roles in the onset of Parkinsonism. The present study suggests that Mn-induced alteration of DNA methylation of PINK1–PARK2 may influence mitochondrial function and promote Parkinsonism. Our findings provide a basis to further explore and validate the epigenetic basis of Mn-induced neurotoxicity
Application of graphene based materials for adsorption of pharmaceutical traces from water and wastewater- a review
No full textTraces of pharmaceuticals have been classified as emerging pollutants due to their persistence in the aquatic ecosystem. There has been indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceutical waste from manufacturing processes, half used, expired antibiotics as a result of which,huge quantities of bacterial resistant antibiotic wastewater have been introduced into natural ecosystems. In addition, drugs that are not fully metabolized in the body may be
excreted into the sewer system. Therefore, treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater is a global concern. A wide range of treatment methodologies have been developed to treat pharmaceutical wastewater viz., chemical oxidation, biodegradation, adsorption, liquid extraction, membrane techniques, etc. However, adsorption is a promising method for the removal of micropollutants because of its simple design, low-cost, high efficiency, etc. Research has shown that graphene materials can be used as photo-catalysts, adsorbents,and as disinfectants in water treatment. They are reported to be efficient agents against a wide variety of water pollutants, including (but not limited to) organic molecules, inorganic heavy metals, and water borne pathogenic micro-organisms. This review discusses the
application of graphene materials in treating pharmaceutical wastewater and explains the mechanism of adsorption. A brief perspective on the future scope of work in the area has also been examined