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An Approach to In Silico Dissection of Bacterial Intelligence Through Selective Genomic Tools
No full textAll the genetic potential and the intelligence a
bacteria can showcase in a given environment are embedded in its genome. In this study, we have presented systematic guidelines to understand a bacterial genome with
the relevant set of in silico tools using a novel bacteria as
an example. This study presents a multi-dimensional
approach from genome annotation to tracing genes and
their network of metabolism operating in an organism. It
also shows how the sequence can be used to mine the
enzymes and construction of its 3-dimensional structure so
that its functional behavior can be predicted and compared.
The discriminating algorithm allows analysis of the promoter region and provides the insight in the regulation of
genes in spite of the similarity in its sequences. The ecological niche specific bacterial behavior and adapted
altered physiology can be understood through the presence
of secondary metabolite, antibiotic resistance genes, and
viral genes; and it helps in the valorization of genetic
information for developing new biological application/
processes. This study provides an in silico work plan and
necessary steps for genome analysis of novel bacteria
without any rigorous wet lab experiments
An overview on the removal of synthetic dyes from water by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes
No full textWastewater containing dyes are one of the major threats to our environment. Conventional methods are
insufficient for the removal of these persistent organic pollutants. Recently much attention has been
received for the oxidative removal of various organic pollutants by electrochemically generated hydroxyl
radical. This review article aims to provide the recent trends in the field of various Electrochemical
Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) used for removing dyes from water medium. The characteristics,
fundamentals and recent advances in each processes namely anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton, peroxicoagulation, fered Fenton, anodic Fenton, photoelectro-Fenton, sonoelectro-Fenton, bioelectro-Fenton
etc. have been examined in detail. These processes have great potential to destroy persistent organic
pollutants in aqueous medium and most of the studies reported complete removal of dyes from water.
The great capacity of these processes indicates that EAOPs constitute a promising technology for the
treatment of the dye contaminated effluents
Review of zero-valent aluminium based water and wastewater treatment methods
No full textZero-valent metals (ZVM) are widely used to remove heavy metals, contaminants, toxicity, etc. from
water and wastewater. Zero-valent aluminium (ZVAl) has large surface area and high surface reactivity. It
has enormous flexibility for the in-situ application. ZVAl can be applied as either a single or a bimetallic
system as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). It is observed that ZVAl is capable of generating
hydroxyl and sulfate radicals in water medium, which remove non-biodegradable pollutants from
aqueous solution. ZVAl-based processes can remove non-biodegradable organic contaminants from
water medium within a short duration. ZVAl is also used as a reducing agent. It is efficient to reduce toxic
hexavalent chromium to less toxic trivalent chromium. ZVAl, in various combinations in bimetallic
system (Fe/Al, Pd/Al, Cu/Al), is able to remove various contaminants from aqueous medium. Overall, it
can be concluded that ZVAl-based methods for water and wastewater treatment are promising environmental technologies
Composite wastewater treatment by aerated electrocoagulation and modified peroxi-coagulation processes
No full textTreatment of composite wastewater generating from the industrial estates is a great challenge. The
present study examines the applicability of aerated electrocoagulation and modified peroxi-coagulation
processes for removing color and COD from composite wastewater. Iron plates were used as anodes and
cathodes in both electrochemical processes and experiments were carried out in a working volume of 2 L.
Aeration enhanced the efficiency of electrocoagulation process significantly. More than 50% of COD and
60% of color were removed after 1 h of electrocoagulation process operated at pH 3 and applied voltage
of 1 V. Efficiency of the modified peroxi-coagulation process was significantly higher than that of aerated
electrocoagulation. COD and color removal efficiencies of the modified peroxi-coagulation process were
found as 77.7% and 97%, respectively after 1 h of electrolysis operated at 1 V, solution pH 3 and 50 mM
hydrogen peroxide addition. This improved efficiency of modified peroxi-coagulation compared to
aerated electrocoagulation is mainly due to the attack of in-situ generated hydroxyl radical
Mechanism of Treatment Methods of Arsenic-Contaminated Water
No full textWater contamination by arsenic and health issues associated with the contaminated water are worldwide problems. Arsenic contamination in drinking water
is causing severe health effects leading to death. The removal of arsenic (As) can be
achieved by different methods, and it depends upon the composition of contaminated water. Treatment methods either transfer the pollutants from one phase to
another or chemically oxidize to less toxic form. Separation and degradation methods include adsorption, chemical coagulation, membrane processes, electrocoagulation, chemical oxidation, and advanced oxidation processes; and biological methods
including biological oxidation, phytoremediation, etc. are found to be efficient for
the removal of As from water medium. There are several factors which have influence on each process; the removal efficiency depends upon the optimized conditions. This chapter provides a detailed review on the existing efforts for the As
removal from aqueous medium, their advantages and limitations, etc
Removal of arsenic by Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria in bench scale fixed-bed bioreactor system
No full textIn the present study arsenic contaminated simulated water and groundwater was treated by the combination of biological oxidation of tri-valent arsenite [As (III)] to penta-valent arsenate [As (V)] in presence of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and its removal by adsorptive filtration in a bioreactor system. This
method includes the immobilisation of A.ferrooxidans on
Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) capable of oxidising ferrous [Fe (II)] to ferric [Fe (III)]. The Fe (III) significantly converts the As (III) to As (V) and ultimately removed greater than 95% by the bed
of GAC, limestone, and sand. The significant influence of Fe (II) concentration (0.1–1.5 gL−1), flowrate (0.06–0.18 Lh−1), and initial As (III) concentration (100–1000 μgL−1) on the arsenic removal efficiency was investigated. The simulated water sample containing the different concentration of As (III) and other ions was used in the study. The removal of other co-existing ions
present in contaminated water was also investigated in column study. The concentration of arsenic was found to be <10 μgL−1 which is below Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) as per WHO in treated water. The results confirmed that the present system including adsorptive-filtration was successfully used for the treatment of contaminated water containing As (III) ions
Hydrogen transportation using liquid organic hydrides: A comprehensive life cycle assessment
No full textThe liquid organic hydride (LOH-H2) technology has gained significant attention for hydrogen transportation.
There are, however, open questions on LOH-H2 environmental performance due to the
presence of energy-intensive dehydrogenation and separation steps. Therefore, in this study, we have
conducted the life cycle assessment of LOH-H2 to quantify its total environmental footprint and
benchmark the results with conventional compressed hydrogen technology (G-H2). In the LCA model, we
have used the ReCiPe end point method and the IPCC 2013 global warming potential methods. Our results
suggest that the dehydrogenation-cum-separation stage in LOH-H2 contributes to the largest
environmental footprint and the dehydrogenation conversion should be maintained above 99% to gain
environmental advantage over G-H2. Through breakeven point analysis, we found that LOH-H2 could be
an environmentally favorable option when H2 is transported beyond 395 km, 365 km, 295, and 265 for
USA, Europe, China and India respectively
Methane potential from municipal biowaste: Insights from six communities in Maharashtra, India
No full textAnaerobic digestion (AD) of biowaste can generate biogas with methane (CH4) as energy source and contribute
to sustainable municipal solid waste management in India. Characteristic municipal biowastes sampled seasonally
from household, fruit and vegetable market and agricultural waste collection points in villages, towns
and cities in Maharashtra were analysed to assess the potential as substrate for AD. The mean biochemical
methane potential (BMP, at 37 °C) across seasons and community sizes was between 200–260, 175–240 and
101–286 NLCH4 kgvs
−1 for household, market and agricultural biowaste, respectively. CH4 yields were comparable
in villages, towns and cities. Seasonal variations in CH4 yields were observed for market and agricultural
biowaste with highest values during pre-monsoon season. Results underpin that municipal biowaste is a suitable
substrate for AD in India. However, low purity of available biowaste resulted in lower CH4 yields compared to
recent studies using source-segregated biowaste
Gut-Bioreactor and Human Health in Future
No full textGut-microbiome provides the complementary
metabolic potential to the human system. To understand
the active participation and the performance of the
microbial community in human health, the concept of gut
as a plug-flow reactor with the fed-batch mode of operation
can provide better insight. The concept suggests the virtual
compartmentalized gut with sequential stratification of the
microbial community in response to a typical host genotype.
It also provides the analysis plan for gut microbiome;
and its relevance in developing health management options
under the identified clinical conditions
Simultaneous quantitative monitoring of four indicator contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in different water sources of Central India using SPE/LC-(ESI)MS-MS
No full textEnvironmental occurrence of CECs poses a
great threat to both aquatic life and human health. The
aim of this study was to optimize and validate SPE/
LC-(ESI)MS-MS method for simultaneous quantitative
monitoring of two sub-classes of CECs (pharmaceuticals
and hormones) and to estimate the concentrations of
select CECs in environmental water samples. For all the
tested analytes, recoveries in laboratory reagent water
were greater than 81%. Average percent (relative standard
deviation) RSD of the analytes in recovery, repeatability,
and reproducibility experiments were ≤ 10%.
Determination coefficients (r2) of primidone,
diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were estimated
to be 0.9979, 0.9972, 0.9968, and 0.9962, respectively.
Limits of detection (LOD) for primidone,
diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were
4.63 ng/L, 5.36 ng/L, 0.55 ng/L, and 0.88 ng/L, respectively.
Limits of quantification (LOQ) for primidone,
diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were
14.72 ng/L, 17.06 ng/L, 1.766 ng/L, and 2.813 ng/L,
respectively. Average recoveries in environmental water
and wastewater samples were greater than 74% and
RSD were ≤ 7%. Trace levels (68.33–125.70 ng/L) of
primidone were detected in four environmental water
samples, whereas diclofenac was not detected in any of
the tested sample. Trace levels of progesterone were
observed in two environmental samples (16.64 –
203.73 ng/L), whereas testosterone was detected in
STP inlet sample (178.16 ng/L)