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Stampede detector based on deep learning models using dense optical flow
Get PDFThe world"s population has grown in recent decades, increasing social events and leading to more crowd situations with potential issues, such as bottlenecks, stampedes, or falls. In this context, this paper presents an approach for stampede detection from image sequences in low- and medium-crowd. It is based on a feature vector extracted from the dense optical flow, using the Gunner-Farneback method, and a deep learning-based classification model capable of determining, frame by frame, whether a stampede is happening. It has been evaluated on four different datasets: two widely used in the state-of-the-art— University of Minnesota (UMN) and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance (PETS-2009)— and two new labeled datasets, Geintra-Behaviour-Analysis (GBA-Stampedes) and Geintra-Santander Multiple Actions Dataset in Cruises (GSMADC), which include realistic indoor and outdoor scenarios, as well as diverse crowd types and sizes (up to 6 people in GSMADC and a minimum of 15 in GBA). Both datasets have been made publicly available to increase the limited number of sequences for validating stampede detection in videos, with more than 43000 frames. The proposed method was evaluated across various training scenarios to test its adaptability to new environments. In the most challenging scenario, using a limited training set, our system achieved average metrics of around 99% on UMN and PETS-2009, 95% on GBA, and 91% on GSMADC. In comparison, other models achieved only 90% on UMN and PETS-2009, 80% on GBA, and below 80% on GSMADC, demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of the stampede detector across scenarios.European UnionComunidad de MadridMinisterio de Economía y Competitivida
New method of early RRMS diagnosis using OCT-assessed structural retinal data and explainable artificial intelligence
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to provide the development of a method to classify optical coherence tomography (OCT)-assessed retinal data in the context of automatic diagnosis of early-stage multiple sclerosis (MS) with decision explanation.
Methods: The database used contains recordings from 79 patients with recently diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and no history of optic neuritis and from 69 age-matched healthy control subjects. Analysis was performed on the thicknesses (average right and left eye value and inter-eye difference) of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL), macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL), and macular inner retinal complex layer (mIRL), dividing the macular area into six analysis zones. Recursive feature extraction (RFE) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) are combined to rank relevant features and select the subset that maximizes classifier (support vector machine [SVM]) performance.
Results: Of the initial 48 features, 20 were identified as maximizing classifier accuracy (n = 0.9257). The SHAP values indicate that average thickness has greater relevance than inter-eye difference, that the mGCL and mRNFL are the most influential structures, and that the peripheral papillomacular bundle and the supero-temporal quadrant are the zones most affected.
Conclusions: This approach improves the success rate of automatic diagnosis of early-stage RRMS and enhances clinical decision making transparency.
Translational Relevance: Retinal structure assessment using OCT data could constitute a noninvasive means of diagnosing early-stage MS. This new high-accuracy and high-explainability method of analysis can be implemented in most hospitals and healthcare centers.Instituto de Salud Carlos II
Advances in Instance Segmentation: Technologies, Metrics and Applications in Computer Vision
Get PDFInstance segmentation is an advanced technique in computer vision that focuses on identifying and classifying each individual object in an image at the pixel level. Unlike semantic segmentation, which groups pixels of similar objects without distinguishing between different instances, instance segmentation assigns unique labels to each object, even if they are of the same class. This makes it possible not only to detect the presence and category of objects in an image but also to locate each specific instance and clearly distinguish them from each other. This problem not only advances the technical and theoretical understanding of how machines see and process digital images, but also has a direct impact on various industries and sectors where computer vision is an essential part of the system. In this paper, we present the current deep learning-based technologies, the metrics used for their evaluation, and a review of general and concrete datasets in general and drone-specific contexts. The results of this study provide a compendium of easily deployable deep learning-based technologies. This review paper aims to accelerate the process of understanding and using instance segmentation technologies for the reader
Make it or leave it? An exploration of post-foundation dynamics among female entrepreneurs
Get PDFFemale entrepreneurs encounter several barriers before starting a business. The
prevalent association of entrepreneurship with masculine stereotypes in many countries is a contributing factor as to why fewer women pursue entrepreneurial ventures. Yet our understanding of whether these barriers vanish once females have
founded a new business remains limited. To shed more light on women"s experiences, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews to investigate German female
entrepreneurs" perceptions of challenges post-foundation. Our findings show that
female entrepreneurs are still affected by stereotypes of their private and professional surroundings after their business has launched. The main reasons for exiting
their businesses are experienced role conflicts that may result in mental health issues. Based on these findings, we developed a framework illustrating how women
navigate through the entrepreneurial lifecycle, encountering increased role incongruity as they become more deeply immersed in the entrepreneurial environment.
Understanding the factors through which women decide about their future paths is
important for researchers and practitioners to support female entrepreneurs after
new business startup. We conclude that sustained private and professional as well
as instrumental and non-instrumental support during the early stages after starting
a new venture may help sustain the share of female entrepreneurs and reduce the
share of females resigning and going into other labor
Planificación automática: evolución de PDDL y análisis de los planificadores modernos
Get PDFEste trabajo analiza la evolución del lenguaje PDDL y su importancia dentro de la planificación automática, una rama fundamental de la inteligencia artificial. A lo largo del proyecto se explican sus diferentes versiones, desde la 1.2 hasta la 3.1, junto con algunas de sus extensiones, destacando las mejoras y limitaciones que presentan. También se revisan los planificadores más relevantes, desde los más clásicos hasta los ganadores de las últimas competiciones internacionales, y se realizan pruebas prácticas con dominios concretos para comparar su funcionamiento. El objetivo principal ha sido comprender cómo ha evolucionado este lenguaje, qué aportes ha tenido cada versión y cómo los distintos planificadores lo utilizan para resolver problemas de planificación en contextos reales.This project analyzes the evolution of the PDDL language and its relevance in automated planning, a key area of artificial intelligence. Throughout the project, the different versions of PDDL, from 1.2 to 3.1, as well as some of its extensions, are studied, highlighting their improvements and limitations. The work also reviews the most relevant planners, from the classic ones to the winners of the latest international competitions, and includes practical tests with specific domains to compare their performance. The main objective has been to understand how this language has evolved, what each version has contributed, and how different planners use it to solve planning problems in real-world contexts.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic
Integración y puesta en marcha del sistema de control de un criostato para ensayos a 4 K
Get PDFEl presente trabajo describe el desarrollo de un sistema de control para un criostato de 4 K. Diseñado bajo subvención del plan nacional como colaboración en el desarrollo de la misión ATHENA de la ESA. En colaboración con el INTA, se implementó un controlador PID para regular temperaturas criogénicas, esenciales para los instrumentos X-IFU y WFI. Se realizaron pruebas con placa de aluminio, simulaciones en Simulink y ajustes PID. Hubo discrepancias iniciales por pérdidas térmicas que requirieron sus mejoras. Entre las propuestas para un trabajo futuro se incluye optimizar el modelo y pruebas a 4 K en el criostato.This paper describes the development of a control system for a 4 K cryostat. Designed under a national plan grant as a collaboration in the development of ESA's ATHENA mission. In collaboration with INTA, a PID controller was implemented to regulate cryogenic temperatures, essential for the X-IFU and WFI instruments. Aluminium plate tests, Simulink simulations and PID tuning were performed. There were initial discrepancies due to thermal losses that required improvement. Proposals for future work include optimising the model and testing at 4 K on the cryostat.Grado en Ingeniería en Electrónica y Automática Industria
Programación didáctica de Geografía e Historia para 2º de Bachillerato
Get PDFMáster Universitario en Formación del Profesorado de ESO, Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas. Especialidad en Geografía e Historia (M085
Encuentro: (Re) conexión a través de la capacidad asociativa
No full textEncuentro surge de dos investigaciones distintas y tiene como objetivo intentar resolver algunos de los problemas detectados en ellas.
Por un lado, a raíz del análisis de los colectivos de arquitectura estudiados en el TFG, se detecta la dificultad para iniciar las estructuras de trabajo por falta de formación y por falta de medios económicos. La formación en el ámbito legal y jurídico pasa a ser una formación autodidacta que empodera y posibilita las agrupacones a través del conocimiento. Estos colectivos coinciden en la importancia del espacio común, su espacio de trabajo, para fortalecer el sentimiento de grupo y para tener una localización legal donde desarrollar su práctica.
Por otro lado, en el Ruedo se detecta la obsolescencia del modelo y la falta de formación de los residentes.Encuentro arises from two different investigations and aims to try to solve some of the problems detected in them.
On the one hand, as a result of the analysis of the architecture collectives studied in the TFG, the difficulty to start the work structures due to lack of training and lack of economic means is detected. The training in the legal and legal field becomes a self-taught training that empowers and enables the groups through knowledge. These groups agree on the importance of the common space, their workspace, to strengthen the feeling of group and to have a legal location where to develop their practice.
On the other hand, the obsolescence of the model and the lack of training of the residents are detected in “El Ruedo”.Máster Universitario en Arquitectura (M201
Comparative analysis between the United Nations and the Spanish Government terminologies on genderbased violence
Get PDFEl reconocimiento de la violencia contra las mujeres como una violación de los
Derechos Humanos en la última década del siglo XX ha supuesto un aumento en las medidas
para combatir dicha problemática a nivel mundial. Con ello, los Estados Miembros, entre ellos
España, empezaron a establecer leyes de protección y persecución que han conllevado al
desarrollo de terminologías especializadas. En este sentido, el análisis terminológico es
importante ante la incrementación de la información relacionada con la violencia de género.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar el nivel de convergencia del discurso
institucional del Gobierno de España con lo establecido por la Relatoría Especial de las
Naciones Unidas. Se trata de un estudio comparativo que pretende establecer las divergencias
terminológicas entre ambas instituciones.
La hipótesis es que los términos empleados por las entidades españolas muestran
diferencias destacables en cuanto al discurso instaurado en las Naciones Unidas. Para confirmar
esta hipótesis, el estudio presenta un marco teórico sobre la terminología y su influencia en la
comunicación y traducción institucional, la muestra que se ha estudiado con corpus ad hoc, el
análisis de los datos recogidos en tablas de frecuencia y fichas terminológicas, y las
conclusiones finales. Por último, los resultados del análisis confirman que el discurso
institucional español presenta diferencias significativas en el uso de la terminología sobre la
violencia de género. Dicha falta de coherencia y uniformidad con las Naciones Unidas provoca
problemas de comunicación, dificultades en la recogida de datos y alteraciones en la
conceptualización de los usuariosSince the violence against women and girls is recognised as a violation of human rights
in the last decade of the 20th century, there has been an increase in measures to fight against
this problem worldwide. Consequently, the Member States, including Spain, began to establish
laws for the protection and prosecution, which has led to specialised terminologies. In this
sense, the terminological analysis is important in view of the increase in information related to
gender-based violence.
The main objective of this paper is to analyse the level of equivalence between the
institutional discourse of the Government of Spain and that of the United Nations Special
Rapporteur. Thus, this is a comparative study which aims to establish the terminological
divergences between the two institutions.
The hypothesis is that the terms used by Spanish entities show notable differences in
comparison to the institutional discourse established in the United Nations. To confirm this
hypothesis, the study presents a theoretical framework about terminology and its influence on
institutional communication and translation, the sample studied through ad hoc corpora, the
analysis of the data collected in frequency tables and terminology cards, and the final
conclusions. Finally, the results of the analysis confirm that Spanish institutional discourse
presents significant variances in the use of terminology on gender-based violence. This lack of
coherence and uniformity with the United Nations causes communication problems, difficulties
in data collection and alterations in the conceptualisation of usersMáster Universitario en Comunicación Intercultural, Interpretación y Traducción en los Servicios Públicos. Especialidad en Inglés-Español (M198
Estrategias de afrontamiento y adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal en hemodiálisis
Get PDFLa enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es una patología de importancia con una prevalencia de 9.24% en la población adulta. Su diagnóstico conlleva a un impacto estresante afectando el estado emocional de los pacientes y de sus familiares. En este sentido, el afrontamiento constituye un proceso facilitador de las respuestas adaptativas y el bienestar psicológico está muy relacionado con la adherencia al tratamiento que el paciente pueda o no tener y que jugará un papel decisivo en su mejoría. Objetivo: Determinar las estrategias de afrontamiento y la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal en hemodiálisis del servicio de nefrología del Hospital Central de Maracay. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico, descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, estuvo conformada por 35 pacientes. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de dos instrumentos, el Test de Morisky-Green y las escalas de afrontamiento de Lazarus R. y Folkman S. Los datos se presentaron en frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central y coeficiente de probabilidad. Se analizaron mediante el procesador estadístico SPSS V 15.0.0. Resultados: 37 % de los participantes estaban entre 51-60 años, una razón de 1,92 hacia el sexo masculino. 60% estaban casados, 43% tenían educación secundaria. El 74% de los encuestados, resultaron “no adherente”. La capacidad de afrontamiento se ubicó en capacidad intermedia a favor de las estrategias Reevaluación positiva y Búsqueda de apoyo social. Conclusiones: La relación fue significativa entre la capacidad de afrontamiento alto y la adherencia a tratamiento.Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant condition with a prevalence of 9.24% in the adult population. Its diagnosis leads to a stressful impact affecting the emotional well-being of both patients and their families. In this regard, coping is a facilitating process for adaptive responses, and psychological well-being is closely related to the patient's adherence to treatment, which will play a decisive role in their improvement. Objective: To determine coping strategies and treatment adherence in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy on hemodialysis at the Nephrology Department of Maracay Central Hospital. Materials and Methods: A clinical, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The non-probabilistic convenience sample consisted of 35 patients. Data were collected using two instruments: the Morisky-Green Test and Lazarus R. and Folkman S.'s coping scales. Data were presented in absolute frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency, and probability coefficient. They were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS V 15.0.0. Results: 37% of the participants were between 51-60 years old, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.92. 60% were married, and 43% had secondary education. 74% of the respondents were classified as "non-adherent." Coping capacity was found to be intermediate, favoring positive reevaluation and seeking social support strategies. Conclusions: A significant relationship was observed between high coping capacity and treatment adherence