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Pension expenditures and old-age poverty in OECD countries
Get PDFUsing data from 37 OECD countries during the 1980?2020 period, this paper seeks to quantify the potential role and impacts of pension expenditures for reducing old-age poverty (66?75 and 76-and-over age groups). To that end, we applied panel data techniques controlling for key macroeconomic and demographic variables. Our results suggest that pension expenditure shows a linear and nonlinear impact on old-age poverty rates. The estimated elasticities increase (in absolute value) with the ratio of public pension expenditure to GDP, being higher (in absolute value) for the 76-and-over than for the 66?75 age group, suggesting a larger impact of pension expenditure on poverty for the oldest population group. When evaluating how each explanatory variable explains the poverty rates, we found that the macroeconomic situation is the main driver of its reduction, followed by public pension expenditure. Applying the panel dynamic threshold model, we also endogenously identified a common threshold of 7.21 in the ratio of public pension expenditures to GDP in the relationship between this variable and the poverty rate of both age groups. These results hold across various sensitivity analyses testing for structural breaks and heterogeneous relationships in the baseline empirical model and for the possibility of multiple thresholds in the threshold model. Our findings have significant implications for policymakers and researchers interested in social welfare and economic policy, providing evidence supporting the role of pension expenditures in reducing poverty among the elderly
Una propuesta de intervención enfocada en la regulación emocional para mujeres adolescentes con dificultades en la conducta alimentaria y la imagen corporal
Get PDF48 p.Las dificultades en la relación con la comida, los problemas de imagen corporal y la regulación emocional representan un desafío significativo para muchas adolescentes. Estas cuestiones están altamente influenciadas por la cultura occidental actual, los referentes que siguen las jóvenes en internet y los ideales de belleza promovidos en redes sociales. Este trabajo ofrece una propuesta de intervención basado en la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) y estrategias de Regulación Emocional, integrando técnicas propias de la TCC junto con enfoques de otros marcos teóricos evaluados en la revisión sistemática elaborada previamente. El objetivo de la propuesta es reducir los síntomas asociados a comportamientos alimentarios disfuncionales y favorecer una mejor regulación emocional, contribuyendo así a mejorar los tratamientos actuales en adolescentes con Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) y como medida de prevención frente al riesgo de cronificación de los TCA.Difficulties in the relationship with food, body image issues, and emotional regulation represent a significant challenge for many adolescent girls. These concerns are highly influenced by modern Western culture, the role models they follow on the internet, and the beauty standards promoted on social media. This paper proposes an intervention plan based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Emotional Regulation strategies, integrating CBT-specific techniques along with approaches from other theoretical frameworks evaluated in the preceding systematic review. The aim of this proposal is to reduce symptoms associated with dysfunctional eating behaviors and promote better emotional regulation, thus contributing to the improvement of current treatments for adolescents with Eating Disorders (ED) and functioning as a preventive measure against the risk of chronicity.Máster Universitario en Psicología General Sanitaria (M169
Trabajo decente, transformaciones laborales y calidad de vida: cambio económico y digitalización. Presentación.
No full text3 p
Inteligencia artificial y proceso laboral en Perú y Latinoamérica
Get PDF14 p.El proceso judicial tiene por finalidad brindar solución a un conflicto de intereses o
a una incertidumbre con relevancia jurídica. El objetivo del presente ensayo es verificar de
qué manera la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) viene siendo utilizada, tanto en Perú como en
Latinoamérica, como una herramienta de apoyo en dicha labor; en especial, para la
resolución de conflictos laborales.
En simple, podemos decir que la IA es la rama de la informática que estudia y
desarrolla sistemas, softwares y/o algoritmos capaces de realizar tareas que normalmente
requieren de la inteligencia humana. Estas tareas pueden incluir el procesamiento del
lenguaje natural, el reconocimiento de patrones, el aprendizaje automático, la planificación,
la toma de decisiones, entre otras. Si bien se ha convertido en un concepto que ahora
utilizamos todos los días, en realidad, es un instrumento cuyo origen se remonta 85 años en
el pasado
El retrato colectivo de los Banū Birzāl
Get PDFEste trabajo tiene como objetivo reconstruir el retrato colectivo de los Banū Birzāl, grupo bereber "nukkārí", que se exilia a al-Andalus en época de al-Ḥakam II. Esta reconstrucción pone de relieve la incidencia de los cambios en el contexto geográfico, político-social y religioso en su relato biográfico colectivo, que se modifica desde la colectividad hacia las individualidades en ciertos periodos. El desplazamiento colectivo de los Banū Birzāl y los pormenores de su trayectoria histórica permiten sacar conclusiones en torno a su representación textual como grupo, los cambios en su liderazgo y en sus creencias y, por último, sobre su movilidad en la zona mediterránea.The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the collective portrait of the Banū Birzāl, a Berber nukkārite group that was exiled from the Maghrib to al-Andalus during the caliphate of al-Ḥakam II. The objective of this reconstruction is to highlight the effects that the changes in geographical, socio-political and religious contexts provoked in their collective biographical portrait, which, in certain periods, is transferred from the collectivity to certain individualities. The collective displacement of Banū Birzāl and the details of their historical trajectory allow us to draw some conclusions about their textual representationas a groupe, changes in both their leadership and their beliefs and, finally, about their mobility in the Mediterranean area.Ministerio de Economía, Comercio y EmpresaAgencia Estatal de Investigació
Live video captioning
Get PDFDense video captioning involves detecting and describing events within video sequences. Traditional methods operate in an offline setting, assuming the entire video is available for analysis. In contrast, in this work we introduce a groundbreaking paradigm: Live Video Captioning (LVC), where captions must be generated for video streams in an online manner. This shift brings unique challenges, including processing partial observations of the events and the need for a temporal anticipation of the actions. We formally define the novel problem of LVC and propose innovative evaluation metrics specifically designed for this online scenario, demonstrating their advantages over traditional metrics. To address the novel complexities of LVC, we present a new model that combines deformable transformers with temporal filtering, enabling effective captioning over video streams. Extensive experiments on the ActivityNet Captions dataset validate the proposed approach, showcasing its superior performance in the LVC setting compared to state-of-the-art offline methods. To foster further research, we provide the results of our model and an evaluation toolkit with the new metrics integrated at: https://github.com/gramuah/lvc.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónUniversidad de Alcal
Towards fusing gaze estimation and object prediction: What are you looking at?
Get PDFThere are many applications for this task within the image understanding topic, but unfortunately, there are not many works that address it. In this paper, we propose a model named Gaze Estimation and Object Prediction (GEOP) that performs GOP, fusing the object detection and gaze following tasks. Specifically, we use object detection features to carry out both tasks, avoiding the extra computational cost added by using different branches. In addition, we include a dual gaze regression approach to improve the gaze following performance. A deeply analysis of the influence of auxiliary prediction heads to improve the detection accuracy has been carried out to optimize the proposed architecture. In this work, we also propose a novel metric called Average Precision Bounding Box Looked at (APBL) that explores further the GOP task. Extensive experiments on the Gaze On Object (GOO) dataset prove the performance of the proposed model in object detection, gaze following, and GOP tasks, demonstrating that the proposal outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches on both average error (Distance and Angle) and GOP metrics.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónComunidad de MadridUniversidad de Alcal
Proyecto Equilibrium: fomento del bienestar psicológico de los adolescentes mediante el Protocolo Unificado para el tratamiento transdiagnóstico de los trastornos emocionales
Get PDF38 p.En los últimos años, se ha observado un aumento en los trastornos emocionales entre los adolescentes, lo que ha generado la necesidad de implementar programas de prevención con un enfoque integral. A través de la adaptación y aplicación del protocolo unificado para el tratamiento transdiagnóstico de los trastornos emocionales, se desarrolló el proyecto Equilibrium, cuyo objetivo fue mejorar la salud mental de los jóvenes a través de un taller grupal de 13 sesiones de una hora y media de duración. Los resultados indicaron mejoras significativas en la atención, claridad y regulación emocional, lo que respalda la efectividad del protocolo para promover el bienestar emocional en los adolescentes. Por otro lado, no se encontraron cambios significativos en los niveles de depresión y ansiedad, aunque esta última mostró una tendencia hacia la mejora. Se concluye que el protocolo transdiagnóstico es una herramienta con gran potencial de promoción y prevención de la salud mental en jóvenes. Sería beneficioso investigar la implementación de este tipo de programas en el ámbito escolar con el fin de facilitar el acceso de los adolescentes a estos recursos.In recent years, there has been an increase in emotional disorders among adolescents, highlighting the need to promote integrative prevention programmes. Through the adaptation and implementation of the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders, the Equilibrium project was developed, aiming to improve adolescent mental health through a group workshop format divided into 13 sessions lasting one and a half hours. The results showed significant improvements in the variables of attention, clarity, and emotional regulation, supporting the effectiveness of the protocol in promoting emotional well-being among young people. On the other hand, no significant changes were observed in the variables of depression and anxiety, although the latter showed a tendency to improve. In conclusión, the results suggest that this integrated approach has great potential as an effective tool for promoting and preventing adolescent mental health. In order to facilite access for adolescents to these resources, would be valuable to investigate the implementation of such programmes within school.Máster Universitario en Psicología General Sanitaria (M169
A bad gay waiting for vengeance: Ellie in "The last of us", Part II
Get PDFThis article examines The Last of Us Part II (2020), a videogame with explicit queer representation that forefronts a queer main playable character—Ellie—that behaves in morally ambiguous, even villainous, ways. The aim of the article is to examine Ellie’s behavior and concretize what sort of queer representation she brings to popular culture, particularly because she is “bad.” The main question posed is if the game’s expressions of waiting—primarily Ellie’s intense waiting for vengeance after one of her loved ones is murdered—makes her antagonistic traits pronounced? Theoretically, the article draws on “deidealization” (Amin 2017), a concept that helps scholars to accept rather than redeem or critique imperfect, messy, and complex queer objects of study (historical and current), as well as theories of waiting (Heidegger 1959). The article concludes that although Ellie’s anger is relatable, her methods in the game (mainly her propensity for violence) are questionable. Still, studying Ellie constitutes an important lesson: if we allow ourselves to be blinded by hate for people we see as our enemies, we might, inadvertently, turn into villains