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Ethnic inequalities and contraception in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review
Get PDF17 p.Background: One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is SDG 3.7. Ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing inequalities, disproportionately impacting ethnic groups in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This review examines 23 years of evidence on contraceptive inequalities among these populations. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted covering the period from 2000 to 2023 across seven databases. A combination of natural language and MESH/DECS terms was used, focusing on ethnicity and contraception in LAC countries. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), 856 studies were identified. After title and abstract screening, 92 full texts were reviewed, and 33 studies were included that analyzed or compared contraceptive coverage based on ethnicity. Results: The countries with the highest output on this topic are Guatemala, Mexico, and Ecuador. More than half (22) relied on national representative surveys, with most focusing on women of reproductive age, while only five included adolescents. Eight studies analyzed Afro-descendant populations, and 27 studies included indigenous populations. Although some studies reported increases in contraceptive coverage over time, 85% identified lower usage rates or probabilities among ethnic minorities, with persistent gaps. Conclusion: This review highlights contraceptive coverage gaps related to ethnicity in LAC, revealing enduring inequalities. As post-pandemic efforts aim to reduce disparities, countries with significant indigenous populations must prioritize evidence generation. Further research is needed in countries showing progress and among subgroups, such as adolescents or intra-country ethnic groups, to understand underlying causes and enhance contraceptive Access
The dynamic of mortality explained with a reduced number of key ages
Get PDFEn JCR es Q2 (2024) en la categoría STATISTICS & PROBABILITY (61/169). En Scopues es Q1 (2024) en la categoría Statistics and Probability.El ajuste y la previsión del patrón de mortalidad por edades ha sido objeto de interés para investigadores y profesionales durante un siglo y medio. De hecho, muchos investigadores se han centrado en la descomposición de la curva de mortalidad en grupos de edad homogéneos para los que se puede discernir un patrón similar de mortalidad, y luego han considerado una dinámica similar de estos grupos de edad. En este artículo, proponemos utilizar un modelo de tasas de mejora de la mortalidad en el que los cambios en las tasas de mortalidad están relacionados linealmente con los cambios en tres tasas objetivo correspondientes a tres «edades clave». Estas edades representan grupos de edad en los que la mortalidad evoluciona según un patrón específico. Por lo tanto, decidimos ajustar y pronosticar la mortalidad para todo el rango de edades utilizando estas tres edades clave, elegidas en función de su significado demográfico. El modelo de edades clave se ajusta a siete poblaciones y dos sexos, y los resultados dentro y fuera de la muestra se comparan con dos de los modelos de mortalidad más utilizados en la literatura. A pesar del reducido número de parámetros, el modelo muestra una buena precisión dentro y fuera de la muestra.Fitting and forecasting the age pattern of mortality has been of interest to researchers and practitioners for a century and a half. In fact, many researchers have focused on the decomposition of the life length lifespan into homogeneous age groups for which a similar pattern of mortality can be discerned, and then considered the secular dynamics of these age groups. In this paper, we propose to use a mortality improvement rate model where the changes in mortality rates are linearly related to changes in three target rates corresponding to three ‘key ages’. These ages represent age groups where mortality evolves according to a specific pattern. Thus, we decide to fit and forecast mortality for the entire age range using these three key ages, chosen based on their demographic meaning. The key age model is fitted to seven populations and two genders, and the in-sample and out-of-sample outcomes are compared to two mortality models used as benchmark. Despite its small number of parameters, the model shows good in-sample and out-of-sample accuracy.Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria de Educación, Universidades y Empleo)
Los jueces en la historia de España [Reseña de libro]
No full textReseña del libro: Campos Campayo, Manuel (coord.). Los jueces en la historia de España. Marcial Pons, Madrid, 202
La representación social del fútbol femenino como estrategia emergente de comunicación digital
No full textEl deporte ha sido un ámbito social dónde se ha manifestado una asimetría constante en la visibilidad mediática del género femenino. A pesar de ello, la representación mediática del fútbol profesional femenino se ha incrementado durante los últimos años a través de la eclosión tecnológica y digital. Este trabajo analiza las prácticas de comunicación digital que son producidas y difundidas por el máximo organismo de fútbol europeo, UEFA (Union of European Football Associations), mediante la plataforma digital de fútbol femenino denominada "WePlayStrong". El objetivo general se fundamenta en determinar el rol social y comunicativo que adquiere la plataforma "WePlayStrong" respecto al fenómeno del ciberfeminismo. Desde esta perspectiva, se han tomado como modelos metodológicos el análisis del contenido y el análisis del discurso multimodal. En línea con los datos, la muestra consta de los 253 contenidos que estaban presentes en la cuenta de Instagram de "WePlayStrong" desde noviembre de 2024 hasta abril de 2025. Los resultados evidencian las siguientes conclusiones: por un lado, este tipo de prácticas comunicativas y deportivas se constituyen para visibilizar y amplificar la igualdad de género. Por otro lado, la plataforma WePlayStrong difunde contranarrativas feministas dónde las jugadoras profesionales ejercen como referentes de la sociedad que trascienden lo meramente deportivo.Sport has been a social sphere where a persistent asymmetry in media visibility of the female gender has been evident. Despite
this, the media’s representation of women’s professional football has increased in recent years, driven by the technological and
digital boom. This paper analyses the digital communication practices produced and disseminated by the governing body of
European football, UEFA (Union of European Football Associations), through the digital platform for women’s football called
WePlayStrong. The overall objective is to determine the social and communicative role that the WePlayStrong platform plays
concerning the phenomenon of cyberfeminism. From this perspective, content analysis and multimodal discourse analysis
have been used as methodological models. In line with the data, the sample comprises 253 pieces of content that were present
on the WePlayStrong Instagram account from November 2024 to April 2025. The results reveal the following conclusions: on
the one hand, these types of communicative and sporting practices serve to make gender equality visible and amplify it. On
the other hand, the WePlayStrong platform disseminates feminist counternarratives where professional players act as social
role models that transcend the merely sporting aspect
Radioactive palimpsest nuclear criticism in “Ustedes brillan en lo oscuro” by Liliana Colanzi
Get PDFTres cuentos del libro “Ustedes brillan en lo oscuro” de Liliana Colanzi —el cuento homónimo, “La cueva” y “Atomito”— permiten un acercamiento desde la perspectiva del “Nuclear Criticism”, referido a: “the applicability of the human potentiality for nuclear self-destruction to the study of human cultural myths, structures, and artefacts” (Scheick, 1990). Los tres cuentos se interconectan por la narración en un juego temporal que se funde con la cosmovisión neoindigenista. La protagonista se transforma en “mutante”, sin embargo, la perspectiva de Colanzi va más allá y crea un juego de géneros literarios: desde la ciencia ficción (CF en adelante) hacia la fantasía.Three short stories from the book “Ustedes brillan en lo oscuro” by Liliana Colanzi (the short story that has the same book’s name, “La cueva” and “Atomito”), allows an approach from the Nuclear Criticism’s perspective, referring to: “the applicability of the human potentiality for nuclear self-destruction to the study of human cultural myths, structures, and artefacts” (Scheick, 1990). The three stories are interconnected by the narrative in a temporal intention that merges with the neo-indigenist worldview. The main character transforms into a “mutant”, however, Colanzi’s perspective goes further, creating a correlation of literary genres: from science fiction (SF) to fantasy
Derecho de los tratados [Resena de libro]
Get PDFReseña del libro: José María Beneyto y Carlos Jiménez Piernas (Dirs.), Sandra Galimberti Díaz-Faes (Coord.), Derecho de los Tratados. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2023, 675 pp. ISBN: 978841197542
Desarrollo y evaluación de algoritmos de modelización para construir mapas ecogeográficos con aplicación en la restauración ecológica
Get PDF45 p.La crisis climática provoca una pérdida acelerada de la diversidad de especies lo que da lugar a la
extinción o desplazamiento de muchas de ellas. Las estrategias de restauración ecológica son
fundamentales para generar ecosistemas resilientes, capaces de adaptarse a las condiciones
ambientales cambiantes. Los Modelos de Distribución de Especies (SDM) son herramientas muy
poderosas para predecir cómo las especies responderán al cambio climático, así como para diseñar
estrategias de conservación efectivas.
Los Modelos de Distribución de Especies son herramientas claves para la elaboración de mapas
ecogeográficos, que permiten identificar las rutas adaptativas y las áreas idóneas para que las
especies puedan subsistir frente a los cambios climáticos. Este trabajo se centró en evaluar la eficacia
de diferentes algoritmos para modelar la distribución del Lupinus angustifolius en la Península
Ibérica. Para ello se recolectó datos sobre la presencia de la especie y variables bioclimáticas,
geofísicas y edáficas. Los algoritmos utilizados fueron cuatro: GLM, BRT, Maxent y Random Forest.
Adicionalmente se plantearon cuatro diferentes modelos de selección de variables con el fin de
identificar cuáles son las variables más importantes para la construcción de los modelos. Como
resultado se generaron dieciséis modelos de distribución de la especie, junto con los valores de AUC,
área proyectada y presencia de variable. A partir de todos estos resultados se comparó y evaluó la
fiabilidad de cada algoritmo para el desarrollo de mapas ecogeográficos.The climate crisis is causing an accelerated loss of species diversity, which has led to the extinction
or displacement of many of them. Ecological restoration strategies are essential to generate resilient
ecosystems, capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions. Species Distribution Models
(SDM) are very powerful tools to predict how species will respond to climate change, as well as to
design effective conservation strategies.
I
Species Distribution Models are a key tool for the development of ecogeographic maps, which allow
identifying adaptive routes and which areas are ideal for species to survive in the face of climate
change. This work focused on evaluating the effectiveness of different algorithms to model the
distribution of Lupinus angustifolius in the Iberian Peninsula. To do so, data was collected on the
presence of the species and bioclimatic, geophysical and soil variables. The algorithms used were
four: GLM, BRT, Maxent and Random Forest. Additionally, four different variable selection models
were proposed in order to identify the most important variables for the construction of the models.
As a result, sixteen distribution models of the species were generated, together with the values of
AUC, projected area and presence of variable. From all these results, the reliability of each algorithm
for the development of ecogeographic maps was compared and evaluated.Máster Universitario en Restauración de Ecosistemas (M194
Muscle relaxation enhances motor imagery capacity in people with anxiety: a randomized clinical trial
Get PDF16 p.Background: Motor imagery is the mental representation of a movement without physical execution. When motor imagery is performed to enhance motor learning and performance, participants must reach a temporal congruence between the imagined and actual movement execution. Identifying factors that can influence this capacity could enhance the effectiveness of motor imagery programs. Anxiety frequently occurs in sports and rehabilitation where motor imagery is a relevant technique. It is associated with increased muscle tension and impairs the memory processes involved in motor imagery. This study aimed to determine whether muscle relaxation before motor imagery practice can influence motor imagery capacity and temporal congruence in anxious individuals, during internal and external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 55 young adults (20.3±2.8 years; 40 females; 15 males) with anxiety (percentile ?75% on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). 26 participants were assigned to the relaxation group and 29 to the control group through stratified randomization. Motor imagery capacity and temporal congruence were assessed using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 at 2 points (t1 and t2). Between t1 and t2, participants in the relaxation group underwent abbreviated progressive relaxation training. Electrodermal activity and heart rate variability were recorded to evaluate the relaxation effect. Results: Data revealed a significant improvement in motor imagery capacity in the relaxation group, while the temporal congruence was not impaired in both groups. Conclusion: Pre-motor imagery muscle relaxation might improve motor imagery capacity in anxious individuals. This finding may contribute to better tailor motor imagery programs and to adjust motor imagery guidelines and recommendations for people with anxiety. This study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04973956)
Aportaciones de la teoría de la emoción construida a la formación inicial docente
Get PDFEl objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer un marco de entendimiento de la teoría de la emoción construida con el que orientar la formación docente, de cara a promover un cambio de paradigma en las aulas en materia emocional. Para ello, en primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica cuyo análisis se presenta a través de las líneas fundamentales de la teoría de la emoción construida y que subrayan la participación activa de la persona en cada una de sus experiencias emocionales. A continuación, estos planteamientos se han analizado desde la perspectiva educativa que, pensados para el ámbito formativo del profesorado, se concretan en preparar al docente para que asuma la responsabilidad de sus propias emociones, desarrolle una comprensión profunda de los procesos que participan en su construcción, cuente con un amplio y preciso lenguaje emocional y sepa reforzar con él determinados
procesos emocionales. Preparar a docentes que mantengan el ajuste afectivo en el desempeño profesional no solo contribuirá a su bienestar emocional, sino que este se proyectará en las relaciones que establezca con su alumnado y en el clima que genere en el aula. Por ello, es preciso revisar los fundamentos de los programas de desarrollo emocional del profesoradoConstructed emotion theory focuses on the importance of early experiencesvin the constructions of emotions and in the meanings each person attributes to them. In this approach, school plays a leading role in emotional development. It is believed that both to prevent possible imbalances through a favorable classroom
environment and that it transforms the emotions that interfere with development and learning. Emotionally competent teachers are essential for encouraging this
emotional adjustment at school. The aim of this paper is to offer a framework for understanding constructed emotion theory to guide teacher training, to promote a
paradigm in emotional matters in the classroom. To do so, a literature review was performed, the analysis of which is presented through constructed emotion theory´s basic lines, and which highlight people´s active participation in each of their emotional experiences. These approaches are then analyzed from the educational viewpoint that, as they are intended for the field of teacher training, they take shape in preparing teachers to take responsibility for their own emotions, developing an in-depth understanding of the processes involved in the construction of emotions
with a broad and precise emotional language, and in knowing how to increase with it certain emotional processes. Preparing teachers to maintain affective adjustment in their professional practice will not only contribute to their emotional well-being,
but will also be reflected in the relationships they establish with their students and in the environment, they create in the classroom. Therefore, the rationale for emotional
teacher development programs be reviewe