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Environmental-Community Psychology in the Disaster Research: The Importance of Social-Spatial Connections
Get PDFThe psychosocial literature in the context of socio-natural disasters mainly focuses on the psychological consequences of the affected people, while ignoring the psychosocial environmental factors. Here, we emphasize the relevance of community environmental psychology to analyze the subjective aspects of the relationship with the place and the community relations of the localities affected by disasters. Therefore, we propose a conceptual framework of the categories of community psychology and environmental psychology, which are related to the study of the social spatial connection in what we call socio-natural disasters. This view is illustrated by the results of a study using a hybrid approach that describes how people living in communities affected by earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions in four locations in Chile. In a non-probabilistic convenience sample (n = 628), the responses to the scale of location attachment, location identity, residence satisfaction, community awareness and citizen participation were analyzed, as well as the narration of 17 focus groups (n = 117) on the meaning of public space construction. The conclusion is that the combination of environmental and community psychology expands the understanding of the elements of power and territorial disputes, and highlights the psychosocial defects in post disaster reconstruction solutions
Generic structure and APPRAISAL resources in the editorial article Free money
Get PDFEditorial is one of news genres aiming for opinion making and persuading. These functions determine that there are abundant evaluative resources in this genre. Exploring evaluative resources in the editorial could be conducive to understanding editorial text better and providing sensible suggestions for English learners to produce effectively persuasive writings. In view of this, the present study sets out to analyze the generic structure of the editorial Free money, then examine usage patterns of APPRAISAL resources in this text, and finally explore variations of APPRAISAL resources at different stages of the genre of this text. All APPRAISAL resources were coded based on APPRAISAL system and analyzed from quantitative and qualitative perspectives. It shows that Free money employed discussion genre with exposition and challenge embedded in the Background stage. An investigation into the usage of APPRAISAL resources found that negative ATTITUDE resources were mainly used to form the prosody of the text; more negation and concession resources within ENGAGEMENT were deployed to contract the dialogue; far more force raising GRADUATION resources were applied to amplify the evaluation. The APPRAISAL resources used at different stages of the editorial demonstrate distinct features with the aim of serving specific function of each stage. For instance, attribution resources were used in Issue stage to expand the dialogue and engage the readers; invoked resources were primarily employed in Background stage to make the statement objective; far more negative impressions in Side stage indicated the author’s concern, and more inscribed resources in Resolution stage manifested author’s attitude and made the conclusion impressive
A study on machine translation of resultative constructions
Get PDFBased on an empirical investigation on data collected from four popular machine translation systems, this paper explores the current problems machine translation is confronted with in translating Chinese resultative constructions into English. The paper analyzes their syntactic and semantic differences in construction and in verbal pattern. The paper then further elaborates on the problems and reveals a truth that Chinese resultative construction poses a great challenge to machine translation for being very productive and flexible. Its productivity is credited to the fact that the main verbs in Chinese are mostly implied-fulfillment verbs. Its flexibility could be attributed to the hypothesis that there are fewer constraints on the co-occurrence of the main verb and the resultative in Chinese resultative construction. Finally, possible solutions are proposed in an attempt to solve the problems.
Semantic relations and prosodic features of ranhou in spontaneous Mandarin conversation
Get PDFRanhou ‘then’ is traditionally defined as a conjunction, indicating succession of two events. Adopting the methodology of Interactional Linguistics, this study explores semantic relations of ranhou in Mandarin face-to-face and telephone conversations. An examination of the data shows that besides succession, ranhou can express other nine semantic relations, including causality, progression relation, coordinating relation, adversative relation, additive relation, enumeration, hypothesis, alternative relation, concession and be no practical meaning as well. Meanwhile, prosodic features of ranhou are explored with the help of software Praat and Audacity. It is suggested that eleven semantic relations vary in mean pitch range and mean length. Although each token of ranhou differs from each other in prosody, with respect to loudness, ranhou can be stressed on ran, or hou and also be articulated without loudness. But in a whole, loudness of ranhou is mostly put on hou
The interpreter advantage in executive functions—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFGiven the heavy cognitive load inherent in language interpreting, interpreters may develop cognitive advantages from managing frequent switching of linguistic codes and working modes. Based on a systematic review of executive functions of inhibiting, shifting and working memory (WM) updating by Nour et al. (2020) and meta-analysis of working memory by Wen and Dong (2019) and Mellinger and Hanson (2019), this research follows the PICOS framework and the PRISMA guideline to synthesize findings from 98 tasks of 29 original studies from International and Chinese databases with a cut-off date of 1st October, 2020. Substantial evidence for an interpreter advantage in shifting was found, but not for inhibition or updating. The meta-analysis showed 1) a moderate to high effect in shifting (g = 0.68, seven WCST effects; g = -0.32, eight switching cost effects); 2) no effect in inhibiting (g = 0.13, six Stroop effects); 3) mixed effects in WM updating. Subgroup analysis on WM updating revealed significant training effects from within-group comparisons (g = 0.58, five 2-back effects; g = 0.71, two L2 listening span effects), but insignificant difference from between-group comparisons (g = -0.03 , five 2-back effects; g = 0.18, five L2 listening span effects ). More reproducible behavioral research with scientific and consistent designs is needed for a clearer understanding of the relationship between interpreting experience and EFs
The Balance Between Resource Development And Environmental Protection Is “Social Contracting”: The Case Of LAPSSET Project In Kenya
Get PDFThe LAPSSET project is a mega undertaking with heavy investment. Like any other public infrastructure depends entirely on fund availability and proactive involvement of respective governments, particularly Kenya, given its role as the base of the port in Manda. Unfortunately, the mind-set in the region are fixated to believe that hegemonic tendencies of Kenya will divert the initial idea of connecting Africa. Moreover, given the high costs involved compared to most country’s GDP in the region, cooperation with other sub-regions beyond Eastern Africa is indispensable. This article assess the feasibility of the LAPSSET project within the regional political dynamics.
The historical characteristics of the source domains in Chinese LIFE metaphor
Get PDFThis research investigates the diachronic variation of the source domains in Chinese LIFE metaphor. Close examination of data from historical corpora has revealed that the source domain types evolve gradual diversified changes based on the social material and cultural life. Specifically, the results show that (1) harsh living environment and farming understanding account for Chinese ancestors’ preference for crops as the source domain in their life metaphors, (2) the territory extension and duplicate metaphysics together give reasons why the Tang Chinese favor transportation as well as natural phenomenon as the source domains in their life metaphors, (3) the increasing material enrichment and cultural diversification of modern times provide experiential motivation of the gamut of source domain types in Mandarin life metaphors. Thus, a conclusion can be reached that metaphor variation reflects social material level and intellectual level throughout the ages.
The Relationship between Group Identity and Individual Mental Health: Regulating Variables and Mechanism
Get PDFIn recent years, the relationship between group identity and individual mental health has attracted the attention of researchers. Through combing and summarizing the relevant literature, this study found that: the number of group identity has a significant relationship with individual mental health; the relationship between group identity and individual mental health is regulated by group identity motivation and individual evaluation of the group, and depends on the mediation of self-esteem, social support, control perception, attribution style and other factors; in the future, we should use a variety of methods to continue to study the regulatory variables and mechanism of the relationship between group identity and individual mental health
A Case Study, May 2016: A Snapshot of Psychosocial Issues in Camp Living - A Sri Lankan Landslide in the Kegalle District
Get PDFThis paper seeks to explore the aspects of being made homeless or internally displaced person (IDP) and how the team attempted to assess this. The team of 10 psychological researchers and statisticians spent a day at five camps in four locations within Kegalle, Sri Lanka. The languages within the team are Tamil, English, and Sinhalese. The aim to find out if depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms are evident within child, adolescents, and adults categories, 3 months after the landslide triggered by the Storm Roanu, May 2016. The participants volunteered to be interviewed using self-report measures. The psychological researchers did have undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in psychology. While the project lead had clinical experience, the researchers did not and so this was their first field trip. The research was granted ethical clearance by the ethics board at the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP), Colombo. Unfortunately, due to low numbers, a significance is problematic and so this paper addresses the experience and lessons learned by implication for professional growth and future research with IDP. However, the impact on men’s health becomes clear as the team discovers the psychosocial aspects of being homeless. Purpose – This paper seeks to explore the aspects of being made homeless or internally displaced person (IDP) and how the team attempted to assess this. Design/methodology/approach – The team of 10 psychosocial researchers headed up by Matt BroadwayHorner, Consultant Nurse in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, spent a day at five camps in four locations within Kegalle, Sri Lanka. The languages within the team are Tamil, English, and Sinhalese. The aim was to find out if depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms are evident within child, adolescent, and adult categories, 3 months after the landslide triggered by the Storm Roanu, May 2016. The participants volunteered to be interviewed using self-report measures. The research was granted ethical clearance by the ethics board at CIRP, Colombo. Findings – unfortunately, due to low numbers, a significance is problematic for child and adolescents. The significance is seen in the adult population and so this paper addresses the experience and lessons learned by implication for professional growth and future research with IDP. However, the impact on men’s health becomes clear as the team discovers the psychosocial aspects of being homeless. Research limitations/implications – due to the unpredictability of IDP, the numbers were less than what was predicted by the Red Cross and UNICEF. Furthermore, we were not allowed a second visit and so could not compare and contrast data. Originality/value – much is written on IDP, but this is the first paper on this specific landslide and so adds to the knowledge base
Correlation between Internet Addiction Disorder and Mental Health of Junior Middle School Students in Chengdu
Get PDFObjective: To study the prevalence and main influencing factors of Internet addiction among junior middle school students in Chengdu, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of Internet addiction. Methods: From September to December 2017, 3,607 junior middle school students were randomly selected from 8 middle schools in Chengdu by stratified cluster sampling, and investigated by selfmade questionnaire. SPSS 19.0 software was used for χ 2 test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: 174 of 3,607 junior middle school students in Chengdu were diagnosed with Internet addiction, and the detection rate of Internet addiction was 4.8%. There were significant differences in the scores of mental health, learning pressure, parent-child relationship and peer relationship between Internet addiction and non-internet addiction junior middle school students (P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that family economic status, learning pressure, depression and anxiety were positively correlated with internet addiction, while parent-child relationship, peer relationship and social support were negatively correlated with Internet addiction (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The detection rate of Internet addiction among junior middle school students in Chengdu is at a low level. Junior middle school students with low social support and high depression and anxiety have a higher risk of Internet addiction, which can be reduced by improving their mental health