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The annual cycle of surface eddy kinetic energy and its influence on eddy momentum fluxes as inferred from altimeter data
Get PDFThe annual cycle of surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and its influence on eddy momentum fluxes are investigated using an updated record of satellite altimeter data. It is found that there is a phase difference between the annual cycles of EKE in the western boundary current regions and EKE in the interior of the subtropical gyres, suggesting that different mechanisms may be at work in different parts of the subtropical gyres. The annual cycles of EKE averaged in the two hemispheres are found to be of similar magnitude but in opposite phase. As a result, the globally-averaged EKE shows little seasonal variability. The longer record of altimeter data used in this study has brought out a clearer and simpler picture of eddy momentum fluxes in the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension. Considerable seasonal variations in eddy momentum fluxes are found in the western boundary current regions, which potentially play an important role in modulating the strength of the western boundary currents and their associated recirculation gyres on the seasonal time scale
It pays to promote joint PhD programmes between academia and the private sector
Get PDFThe prosperity of a country is closely related to its level of education to fuel research and innovation. Doctoral graduates have attained the highest education level and should be the key players in research and innovation. The number of doctoral graduates is increasing rapidly in most/many countries, but is less well correlated to changes in prosperity of a country.The innovative medicines initiative (IMI) was established to help Europe strengthen its position in biomedical research and development. During its planning stage IMI observed large gaps in the scientific interaction between academia and industry in Europe, and that undergraduate students were not realizing the career opportunities within biomedical R&D. A major objective for the education and training section of IMI, the European Medicines Research Training Network (EMTRAIN, http://www.emtrain.eu), has therefore been to work out a framework for public private partnership PhD (PPP-PhD) and to create a cohort of networking, industry-aware scientists
Identifying the active pharmaceutical ingredient from a mixture of fumaric acid esters for the treatment of psoriasis: Hints from in vitro investigations
Get PDFA mixture of fumaric acid esters (FAEs) is approved for the oral therapy of psoriasis. However, for a long time the active ingredient of this mixture was unknown. We reviewed the in vitro data available for the different FAEs present in the multi compound drug and elaborate how they may contribute to possible clinical effects. Although helpful overall, many in vitro data must be viewed critically because the concentrations used in the experiments exceed the plasma levels reached in patients. The data suggest that dimethylfumarate (DMF) is the most active compound, mediating the major therapeutic effect after metabolization into MMF via an according receptor expressed on target cells. Identifying the active pharmaceutical ingredient within a mixture of compounds helps to subsequently eliminate unnecessary, potentially harmful compounds. This provides a promising example for an alternative precision medicine approach in clinical practice
Medicines development and regulation in Africa
Get PDFAfrica is one of the world’s fastest-growing economic regions, with a rise in its pharmaceutical industry value from 20.8 billion in 2013. Multinational pharmaceutical companies are becoming more active in drug production and clinical trials across Africa, and there is an increase in the number of local companies engaged in medicines development and marketing. Such expansion of the local pharmaceutical industry requires trained pharmaceutical specialists to support it. The current situation and future requirements for local medicines development, regulation, education and training needs are discussed
Opening views against the closure of the world
Get PDFThe book in review is a brilliant critique. A touching dedication in memoriam to Charlie Hebdo (p.ix) reminds me of the infamous 9/11 when I was conducting a doctoral seminar in 326, HPL building. An ominous feeling overwhelmed my consciousness and I told the kids, “It’s the end of free society”. Professor Hermann has delivered a penetrating critique of modernity and the mainstream theories and facts of life that perpetuate euphemisms of progress
Circulation, dispersion and hydrodynamic connectivity over the Scotian Shelf and adjacent waters
Get PDFA nested-grid ocean circulation modelling system is used in this study to examine the circulation of surface waters over the Scotian Shelf and its adjacent waters. The modelling system consists of a coarse-resolution (1/12°) barotropic storm surge (outer) model covering the northwest Atlantic Ocean, and a fine-resolution (1/16°) baroclinic (inner) model covering the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Scotian Shelf, and Gulf of Maine. The external model forcing includes tidal forcing, atmospheric forcing, surface heat fluxes, freshwater discharge, and large-scale currents specified at model open boundaries. The three-dimensional model currents are used to track trajectories of particles using a Lagrangian particle-tracking model. The simulated particle movements and distributions are used to examine the dispersion, retention, and hydrodynamic connectivity of surface waters over the study region. The near-surface dispersion is relatively high over western Cabot Strait, the inner Scotian Shelf, and the shelf break of the Scotian Shelf, while relatively low in Northumberland Strait. A process study is conducted to examine the physical processes affecting the surface dispersion, including tidal forcing and local wind forcing. The model results show that the tidal currents significantly influence the dispersion of surface waters in the Bay of Fundy
Research on Design of Program - Controlled Switches
Get PDFIn the 1990s, the development of program-controlled switches in our country has experienced the development process from thescratch; especially the successful development of large-scale program-controlled switches has brought great vitality to our informationindustry. This time, I mainly introduced to ZTE ZXJ10 program-controlled switchboard to design distributed modularization in programcontrolledswitch. ZXJ10 digital program-controlled switching system is distributed between modules, module classification control,centralized management of the open architecture, based on general computer platform, LAN technology as the support, client/server modeto control the basic form of structure, in order to make the system has flexible networking ability, strong call processing capability, highreliability, good compatibility and expansibility
Application of Wireless LAN Localization Technology
Get PDFThis article mainly describes the formation of various types of wireless LAN, as the current wireless LAN (Wireless LAN)technology can be very convenient to wireless network equipment and mobile devices, people can access the network resources at anytime,anywhere by communication Mobile, personalized and multimedia applications. In the continuous development of network technology,wireless LAN is also changing our way of life, we can access to internet in amusement park, hotel, airport station and other areas. And inschool, teachers and students in the dormitory can have communication through the wireless LAN layout. Wireless LAN also has manyadvantages and disadvantages, we need to understand the discovery of applications, this is the only way we can have a better life, learning,and work
New initiatives for transforming clinical research in Korea
Get PDFKorea has continuously sought to improve its regulatory environment for clinical trials and has invested heavily in clinical trial infrastructure and technology since the early 2000’s. A strategic investment through the Korea National Enterprise for Clinical Trials (KoNECT) program began in 2007 and grew to encompass a network of regional clinical trial centers to promote clinical trial capabilities and human resource development. In early 2014, KoNECT became a permanent organization focused on the advancement of the country's clinical trial industry. This was followed by the establishment of the Korea Clinical Trials Global Initiative (KCGI) and the KoNECT Collaboration Center for global clinical trials (KCC). KCGI and KCC are now at the forefront of KoNECT’s efforts to promote higher operational efficiency in the country’s clinical trials. These new initiatives in clinical research are undertaking multichannel approaches to pursue a cohesive international collaboration model between government, industry and academia for the development of new treatments and improved patient care
Sea surface salinity observed from the HY-2A satellite
Get PDFMotivated by the shortcomings of radio frequency interferences (RFI) associated with the spaceborne L-band radiometers near the Northwest Pacific and previous study near the Amazon plume, this study presents a sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieval algorithm from the microwave radiometer onboard the HY-2A satellite. The SSS signal is improved by differentiating the reflectance between the C and X band. A reflectance calibration method is proposed by using a combination of radiative transfer model (RTM) and the Klein-Swift emissivity model. Evaluations of the retrieved SSS from the HY-2A satellite indicate that the root mean square error (RMSE) is about 0.35 psu on 0.5 degree grid spacing and monthly time scale which is comparable to the accuracy of SMOS and Aquarius-SAC/D satellites