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Water clarity patterns in South Florida coastal waters and their linkages to synoptic-scale wind forcing
Get PDFTemporal variability in water clarity for South Florida’s marine ecosystems was examined through satellite-derived light attenuation (Kd) coefficients, in the context of wind- and weather patterns. Reduced water clarity along Florida’s coasts is often the result of abrupt wind-resuspension events and other exogenous factors linked to frontal passage, storms, and precipitation. Kd data between 1998 and 2013 were synthesized to form a normalized Kd index (KDI) and subsequently compared with Self Organizing Map (SOM)-based wind field categorizations to reveal spatiotemporal patterns and their inter-relationships. Kd climatological maximums occur from October through December along southern sections of the West Florida Shelf (WFS) and from January through March along the Florida Straits. Spatial clusters of elevated Kd occur along 3 spatial domains: central WFS, southern WFS, and Florida Straits near the Florida Reef Tract, where intra-seasonal variability is the highest, and clarity patterns are associated with transitional wind patterns sequenced with cyclonic circulation. Temporal wind transitions from southerly to northerly, typically accompanying frontal passages, most often result in elevated Kd response. Results demonstrate the potential of using synoptic climatological analysis and satellite indices for tracking variability in water clarity and other indicators related to biological health
Using CloudSat observations to evaluate cloud top heights from convection parameterization
Get PDFHow high convective clouds can go is of great importance to climate. Cloud ice and liquid water that detrain near the top of convective cores are important for the formation of anvil clouds and thus impact cloud radiative forcing and the Earth’s radiation budget. This study uses CloudSat observations to evaluate convective cloud top heights in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5). Results show that convective cloud top heights in the tropics are much lower than observed by CloudSat, by more than 2 km on average. Temperature and moisture anomalies from climatological means are composited for convective clouds of different heights for both observations and model simulation. It is found that convective environment is warmer and moister, and the anomalies are larger for clouds of higher tops. For a given convective cloud top height, the corresponding atmosphere in CAM5 is more convectively unstable than what the CloudSat observations indicate, suggesting that there is too much entrainment into convective clouds in the model
Editorial
Get PDFThe journal of Satellite Oceanography and Meteorology (SOM) was launched in 2016 for inspiring and disseminating research papers on theory, science, technology and applications of satellite remote sensing data of the ocean, atmosphere and climate. We welcome research papers in areas of (a) original research results from satellite observations of the regional and global ocean and atmosphere, (b) calibration/validation and research related to future satellite missions, and (c) new satellite-derived products and climate records constructed from satellite observations. We also welcome high-quality research papers in broad research areas including but not limiting to (i) oceanography and marine science; (ii) meteorology and atmospheric science; (iii) air-sea, physical-biological and physical-chemical interactions, and (iv) studies of the Earth’s climate system
Examination of interannual variability of sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean using the physical decomposition dethod
Get PDFThe physical decomposition method suggested by Qian (2012) is used to examine the interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and anomaly (SSTA) in the Indian Ocean (IO) for the period 1945.2003. The monthly mean SSTs taken from the global ocean reanalysis produced by the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) are decomposed into four terms. The first term is the zonally averaged monthly climatological SST ([Tt(ϕ)]), which features relatively warm surface waters in the tropical IO and relatively colder surface waters over the southern IO. This term also has a relatively low SST pool between the Equator and 20°N. The SST at the center of the pool in summer is about 1-2°C lower than in spring and autumn. The second term is the spatially-varying monthly climatological SSTA (Tt*(λ,ϕ)), due mainly to the topographic effect and seasonal variation in wind forcing. The values of Tt*(λ,ϕ) are negative over the western coastal waters and positive over the eastern coastal and shelf waters in the tropical and northern IO. The third term is the zonally-averaged transient SSTA([T(ϕ,t)']Y). The largest values of [T(ϕ,t)']Y occur over the subtropical and mid-latitudes of the IO, which differs from the SSTA in the tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean. Time series of zonally and meridionally averaged T(ϕ,t)'Y in the tropical-subtropical IO is strongly correlated with the Indian Ocean basin-wide (IOBW) mode. The fourth term is the spatially-varying transient SSTA (T(λ,ϕ,t)*Y']. The REOF analysis of the fourth term demonstrates that the first REOF is correlated strongly with the South Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) mode. The second REOF is correlated strongly with the equatorial Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode. The third REOF is highly correlated with the tropical IOBW mode
Anti-interference technology of communication system
Get PDFCommunication modernization is an important symbol of human societies as we enter into the information age. An importantproblem encountered in modern communication is interference. With the development of communication, the establishment of variouscommunication networks, making the limited frequency of resources more crowded, intertwined to the serious. How to ensure that thecommunication is effective, accurate and rapid in the harsh environment conditions in front of today's communications researchers is adifficult problem. As the mobile communication system must use wireless transmission technology in order to achieve the exchange ofinformation in the mobile, wireless transmission is vulnerable to a variety of other radio waves interference, a large number of interferencewill greatly affect the quality of network communications and system capacity. Anti-jamming technology with strong resistance, strongtechnical, difficult, practical and reliable high characteristics, in today's increasingly harsh electromagnetic environment, anti-jammingtechnology is particularly compelling. It can greatly improve the effectiveness and reliability of the communication system in thecommunication system. Today, anti-jamming technology has become the mainstream of radio communications technology, it is the mostclosely linked with the field of communications. This paper mainly discusses the interference problem of GSM system in mobilecommunication anti-jamming technology, including the interference type in GSM, the anti-interference ability of GSM itself and how tooptimize the network to achieve the purpose of anti-jamming, so as to meet the requirements of users System capacity while maintaininggood call quality
Application of Nanotechnology in Wastewater Treatment
Get PDFBecause the current social water pollution is serious, and the conventional method cannot eff ectively manage alltypes of water pollution, and its single eff ect cannot be satisfactory, we must seek new and eff ective treatment. Thepaper is a comprehensive review of the best practices of the conventional wastewater treatment method with referenceto the experiments and research results of nanotechnology in sewage treatment. Comparison of nanotechnology canbe compared with conventional methods to make the particles have a special function, and some special performancejust in the sewage treatment medium to a good effect: the depth of the catalytic method can be effective in thedecomposition of many types of organic pollutants such as halogenated hydrocarbons Class, chlorinated phenols,cyanide, various organic acids and can handle metal particles; adsorption method for the water heavy metal pollutiontreatment costs less, simple and widely used, nanofi ltration membrane can replace the adsorption and electrochemicalmethods, Pulping and precipitation are one of the most eff ective methods for the treatment of colloidal wastewater. Itcan eff ectively reduce the turbidity and chroma of waste water, remove a variety of macromolecular organic matter andsome heavy metal ions ( Mercury and lead); organic / inorganic composite nanoparticles with its excellent inorganicmaterials, light, electricity, magnetic and other properties, organic materials, excellent processing performance,biocompatibility, for many diffi cult to deal with water pollution control, which has a corresponding method, can besimple and eff ective to solve the problem. The application of nanotechnology in water treatment has shown a broadprospect, but needs further research and improvement
Validation of novel multiplex technologies
Get PDFThe parallel analysis of multiple factors, such as cytokines, from small sample size is an interesting approach for assessment of in vivo activation signatures and functionality after ex vivo stimulation. One interesting application is for therapy monitoring, such as safety data, pharmacodynamics, evidences for mode-of-action and side effects, particularly useful for accompanying early phase clinical trials. There are different platforms for Multiplex analysis of ligands available. We compared in this study the performance of three different platforms (Luminex Bio-Plex® 200, MesoScale Discovery®, Ella®) which use different ways of achieving parallel measurements of biomarkers from small liquid sample size. We show examples of in house assessment of intra- and inter-assay variations, determination of range and recovery for classical immunological serum markers and discuss advantages and disadvantages for these three platforms in relation to the question addressed
Study on the Coniferous Characters of Pinus yunnanensis and Its Clustering Analysis
Get PDFPine is a relatively easy genus for intermediate hybridization. It has been widely believed that there should be anatural hybrid population in the distribution of Pinus massoniona Lamb. and Pinus hangshuanensis Hsia, that is, theexcessive type of external form between Pinus massoniana and Pinus taiwanensis exist. This paper mainly discussesthe traits and clustering analysis of coniferous lozeng in Huangshan scenic area. This study will provide a theoreticalbasis for the classification of long and outstanding Huangshan Song and so on. At the same time, it will providereference for the phenomenon of gene seepage between the two species
Advanced composite materials manufacturing technology
Get PDFIn recent years, a variety of composite materials preparation technology has been updated, from ceramic matrixcomposites, metal matrix composites to polymer matrix composites, a variety of preparation techniques have beengreatly improved, making the composite properties and applications signifi cantly improved. This paper reviews severalimportant preparation methods and applications of ceramic matrix composites, metal matrix composites and polymermatrix composites
Rocess Design of Fiber Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites
Get PDFThis paper chooses magnesium as the matrix of composite materials, selects carbon fi ber as reinforcement, anddesigns the composite scheme according to the structure and performance of Mg-based composites. The performancecharacteristics and application prospect of fiber-reinforced magnesium matrix composites are introduced. Wait. Inthis paper, the process of preparing carbon fi ber magnesium matrix composites by compression casting method andspray deposition method is designed. The process fl ow chart of these two design schemes is determined by analyzingthe principle of these two kinds of preparation methods, and the specifi c problems of the process are analyzed andsummarized