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Remote sensing application in monitoring change of river and coastlines of Morong, Bataan, Philippines
Get PDFRemote sensing offers fast, cheap and reliable method in detecting river and coastal changes. In this study, satellite imageries of Morong river and coastlines from 2006 to 2016 were collected and analyzed to monitor changes. Field measurements were also done using South Total Station (NTS-362R6L) in 2016 for comparison and validation of data. Results showed that the river outlet and the riverbank increased in width size due to erosion brought about by torrential rains and urban run-offs. Coastlines near the river narrowed in size or shifted landward due to coastal erosion and sea level rise. An interview was conducted to locals residing nearby the river and coast where strong typhoons were reported which cause geophysical changes in the area. The residents also observed sea level rise, coastal and river erosion which caused narrowing of the coastlines and widening of the river, respectively. Records of high tides and low tides collected were projected in annual average levels per month. The average level of low tides increased per year which can be a result of sea level rise. The computed RMSE between field and remote sensing measurements ranged from 0.1m to 0.67m which indicated positional accuracy of Google Earth in the area
Satellite-based study of physico-optical properties of aerosols over a westernmost location of Brahmaputra valley
Get PDFThis study examines the long term trend of the radiatively active atmospheric aerosols which can influence the Earth’s energy budget directly by scattering and absorbing radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. MODIS sensor on board the NASA Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua satellite based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data are used for long term analysis of aerosols over Bongaigaon, Assam for the period August, 2002 to March, 2017. Highest AOD values are observed in pre-monsoon (March-May) season due to long range transportation as well as intense biomass burning activities especially as a part of Jhum cultivation. In general, AOD values are low in post-monsoon (October-November) season which may be due to wash out of aerosols by rain in the preceding months without enough replacement. The monthly AOD values vary from its highest value 0.949 in April, 2016 to its lowest value 0.107 in November, 2002 for the study period. From the comparison of MODIS Terra and Aqua AOD at 550 nm, it is clearly seen that generally Terra AOD at 10:30 hr is higher than the Aqua AOD at 13:30hr. A slowly increasing trend of both Aqua and Terra AOD at 550 nm is observed over the study location. The observed Ångström exponent value varies from its minimum value in monsoon season to its maximum value in winter season. With increasing AOD values, horizontal visibility decreases over Bongaigaon
Automated Large-Scale Genome Scanning and Linkage Analysis Strategy of Genetic Disease Related Gene Location
Get PDFWith the development of the Human Genome Project, many methods have been applied in this field. Since the 1990s, large-scale scanning and mapping of base circles have been established and developed by combining linkage analysis with automation in genomes. At present, it has become the most widely used and effective means in this field
Is Spacetime Non-metric?
Get PDFIf one assumes higher dimensions and that dimensional reduction from higher dimensions produces scalar-tensor theory and also that Palatini variation is the correct method of varying scalar-tensor theory then spacetime is nonmetric. Palatini variation of Jordan frame lagrangians gives an equation relating the dilaton to the object of non-metricity and hence the existence of the dilaton implies that the spacetime connection is more general than that given soley by the Christoffel symbol of general relativity. Transferring from Jordan to Einstein frame, which connection, lagrangian, field equations and stress conservation equations occur are discussed: it is found that the Jordan frame has more information, this can be expressed in several ways, the simplest is that the extra information corresponds to the function multiplying the Ricci scalar in the action. The Einstein frame has the advantages that stress conservation implies no currents and that the field equations are easier to work with. This is illustrated by application to Robertson-Walker spacetime
A slotted lotus shaped microstrip antenna based an EBG structure
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to study intensively the design of a printed slotted patch based lotus shape structure mounted on a dielectric substrate backed with an electromagnetic band Gap (EBG) layer for wideband applications. The dielectric substrate is made of a Roger RT/duroid®5880 layer. An EBG layer is introduced on the back profile of the substrate to provide a high gain bandwidth product over wide frequency bands. The antenna is fed with a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure of a flared geometry; therefore, the ground plane is mounted on the same substrate surface with the patch structure. A conductive trace is introduced at the substrate back from the bottom connected to the CPW through two shoring plates to remove the effects of the EBG layer on the feed structure. The EBG performance and the antenna design methodology are discussed using analytical analyses and numerical parametric studies, respectively. The numerical simulation is conducted using CST MWS Finally; the optimal antenna design is fabricated and measured for validation to be compared to the simulated results
Functional Approach to Development of Hybrid Technology of Cutting Diamond Carbides
Get PDFBackground: Modern composite materials have a number of advantages in comparison with the traditionally used ones and allow implementing new methods of processing, which makes the finished product cheaper and makes its use more efficient.Objective: In order to improving the surface quality and productivity taken by A functional approach. Method: A functional approach to the development of cutting technologies for Carbide and Super Hard Multilayered Composites is considered. It allows, by alternating the effects of different nature, to obtain qualitative edges, to lower the residual stresses in the surface layers, and to achieve a high surface quality. The essence of the approach is that the method of impact is determined on the basis of a morphological search of options for the execution of individual surface elements, each of which, combined into a set, uniquely forms the function of the finished product. The cutting is determined by a rational sequence of execution of technological transitions, provided that each harmful intermediate function at the finish stage turns into neutral or complements the required useful function.Results: Examples of figured cutting of plates from polycrystalline diamond-containing materials are given, the results of obtaining qualitative edges are shown.Conclusion: Thanks to the proposed technology based on the use of a functionally oriented approach, the functions of the tool for cutting are divided between the tool itself and the product part. As a result, the processing speed increases more than 3 times, and a high cut quality is achieved
A new approach for solving fractional RL circuit model through quadratic Legendre multi-wavelets
Get PDFThe aim of present work is to obtain the approximate solution of fractional model for the electrical RL circuit by using quadratic Legendre multiwavelet method (QLMWM). The beauty of the paper is convergence theorem and mean square error analysis, which shows that our approximate solution converges very rapidly to the exact solution and the numerical solution is compared with the classical solution and Legendre wavelets method (LWM) solution, which is much closer to the exact solution. The fractional integration is described in the Riemann-Liouville sense. The results are shows that the method is very effective and simple. In addition, using plotting tools, we compare approximate solutions of each equation with its classical solution and LWM
Brazil is gaining its momentum in pharmaceutical development
Get PDFBrazil is one of the world´s largest economies and pharmaceutical markets, having the Brazilian government as an important purchaser. There are strong local companies that have grown sustainably after the introduction of generics and are investing in both incremental and radical innovation. However, research and development (R&D) expenditures are still modest; this could be explained by a combination of economic and political uncertainty in the past few years and a bureaucratic, complex regulatory framework. New regulations, efforts to reduce ethical and regulatory review timelines, and a Senate bill aimed to accomplish that goal should constitute the definitive regulatory landmark for boosting clinical research. In addition to government investments they have given a breath of relief in the market, as Brazil is trying to, once again, gain momentum as a “must-go” country for clinical development. Non-profit associations such as the Brazilian Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Farmacêutica-SBMF), the Brazilian Association of CROs (Associação Brasileira de Organizações Representativas de Pesquisa Clínica-ABRACRO), the Brazilian Clinical Research Alliance (Aliança Pesquisa Clínica Brasil), amongst others, helped to give the impulse to trigger such changes. It is time to invest heavily in developing educational programs to address the growing need for clinical development scientists and physicians
Comparison of the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli of silver nanoparticle produced by chemical synthesis with biosynthesis
Get PDFThe synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been carried out using different methods, mainly by biological and chemical methods; however, comparing antibacterial activity of Ag NPs synthesized by these methods has not been conducted before. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by methods using reducing agent NaBH4/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and fungal strain Trichoderma asperellum (T.asperellum). The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed visually by color change and identified by Ultraviolet-visible (UV – vis) spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image illustrated almost nanoparticles with spherical shape and average diameter of 4.1 ± 0.2 nm and 2.1 ± 0.2 nm of samples produced from chemical reduction and biosynthesis respectively. Both samples after 180 days storing have been separated lightly, but the agglomeration and absorbance peak shifting were not observed which proved the high stability of synthesized Ag NPs. Antimicrobial activity against human bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli) showed that the inhibition zone produced by “biosynthesis” and “chemical reduction” Ag NPs were 3.17 cm and 2.42 cm respectively. With nanoparticles size smaller than 2 mm, antibacterial activity of “biosynthesis” Ag NPs against E. coli was 31 % higher than “chemical reduction” Ag NPs, although the concentration of Ag NPs produced by biosynthesis was about 10-fold less
A new laser assisted palladium-free activation technology for ABS plastic surface electroless copper plating
Get PDFA new palladium-free activation technology for ABS plastic electroless copper plating is proposed. The plastic substrate is pretreated, and then placed in an activating solution prepared by mixing copper sulfate and sodium hypophosphite for 30 minutes. The plastic substrate is dried to form an activation layer at the surface, which is then uniformly scanned with a laser to allow the hypophosphite ions to be reduced into catalytically active copper particles. The effects of the formation of the activating solution and the laser parameters on the activation are studied. The parameters are optimized by using the orthogonal test. The microstructure of the coating is observed by scanning electron microscope. The energy spectrum of the substrate after laser activation is analyzed. Impact test is processed for coating binding detection. The results show that when the concentrations of copper sulphate and sodium hypophosphite are 10g/L and 30g/L respectively, and the laser spot diameter is 2mm and the scanning rate is 2.2mm/s, the coating completely covers the substrate and the surface of the substrate is uniformly coated with copper particles, showing compact microstructure and good binding