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Geotechnical Assessment of the Foundation of Housing Chamber of Yaragol Gravity Dam, Karnataka State, India
Get PDFGeotechnical assessment of the foundation including engineering geological investigations are essential for important civil structures to provide permanent data set for geological interpretations and for recommendations of suitable engineering measures for the improvement of the foundation. Yaragol Gravity Dam for drinking water is being constructed across Markandaya river in Karnataka State of India. Engineering geological mapping on 1:200 scale was carried out for Housing Chamber of Yaragol Gravity Dam to evaluate the design basis foundation parameters. 2 m x 2 m grids were prepared for mapping of the floor. Based on the field observations and evidences, it was found that the floor area consists of foliated gneiss and granite. No evidence of faulting or shearing was observed on the surface of the floor area. Geotechnical assessment of the foundations was done on the basis of detailed engineering geological mapping and laboratory test results. Classification of rock mass using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of Bieniawski (1989) has been attempted and based on investigations recommendations for the treatment of foundation were given. Rock type and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) methods were used for assessing the safe bearing pressure of the foundation. Consolidation grouting up to 6 m depth in the foundation using primary at 6 m spacing and secondary holes at 3 m spacing was recommended. After detailed investigations it was found that, the foundation is suitable to locate a housing chamber
Optimization of Heat-Dried Silane Application for CAD/CAM Ceramic Resin Bonding
Get PDFPurpose. Evaluate surface treatments and silane application methods and their effect on shear bond strength (SBS) before and after aging. Materials and methods. Slices of IPS e.max CAD and Vitablocs Mark II, were embedded in acrylic resin. The block was randomly assigned to 5 groups; E:etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF), rinsing, followed by cleaning in ultrasonic bath; E/S:HFetching and cleaned as group E followed by silane application for 20s, air drying and hot drying; E/S+:HFetching and cleaned as group E, followed by silane application for 60s, air drying and hot air drying, rinsing with boiling water and hot air drying; S:silane application for 20s followed by air drying and hot air drying; S+:silane application for 60s followed by air drying, air drying and hot air drying, rinsing in boiling water and hot drying. Cylinders of composite resin (n=12) were bonded with adhesive. SBS testing was carried out after 24h or after thermocycling for groups E; E/S and E/S+. Results. For 24h SBS showed significantly higher mean bond strength with E/S, for both ceramic, compared to E and E/S+. The use of silane alone showed significantly lower mean bond strength. No significant differences were found between E/S and E/S+ for VITA. The SBS was negatively affected by simulated aging in E/S group and positively in E/S+. Conclusions. The association of HFetching and a heat-dried silane showed to be significant to obtain a high SBS. Furthermore, the optimized silane application is not relevant to the immediate SBS while it enhances after aging
Seagrass distribution changes in Swan Lake of Shandong Peninsula from 1979 to 2009 inferred from satellite remote sensing data
Get PDFSeagrass and associated bio-resources are very important for swan’s overwintering in Swan Lake in Rongcheng of Shandong Peninsula of China. The seagrass distribution changes, which are usually affected by the regional human activities, can indirectly affect swan’s habitat. In this study the satellite remote sensing data in years 1979–2009 together with in-situ observations in recent years were used to examine the seagrass distribution changes in Swan Lake. The band ratio of band 1 to band 2, Lyzenga’s methods and band synthesize of band 1, band 2 and band 3 were used for seagrass retrieval. The band ratio of band 1 to band 2 with ranges greater than 4.5 was used for estimating the seagrass coverage greater than 50%. Results showed that in years 1979–1990 seagrass coverage greater than 50% occupied more than half of the surface area of Swan Lake. In years 2000–2005, the total area with seagrass distributions reduced greatly, only about one sixth to one fourth of Swan Lake’s surface area. After 2005, the seagrass area in Swan Lake increased gradually and occasionally was greater than one third of the total surface area of the Lake. It was shown that human activities such as the dam and fish pond establishment and the awareness of seagrass importance and protected actively result in the seagrass distributions changes in Swan Lake which decreased first and then increased afterwards
Influence of DEM resolution on topographic correction models using spot satellite image
Get PDFTopographic correction models (TCMs) are valid on satellite image data preprocessing steps. The illumination angle may be sensitive to different terrain slope and aspect conditions base on sun-terrain-sensor geometry. Although the topographic correction is influenced by the sun azimuth and zenith angle, the correction result can be equally in the same image status. By contrast, the terrain factors change with different digital elevation model (DEM) resolution in the topographic correction equations and cause a significant effect. Slope is sensitive in rugged terrain, and aspect is impressionable at flat surface at a coarse DEM resolution data. As the DEM resolution lead a distinct result on TCMs, this research is aimed to examine the impact of DEM resolution on the accuracy of terrain representation and of the gradient determined. In this study, five TCMs, including cosine correction, C correction, SCS correction, SCS+C correction and Minnaert correction models are compared by different resolutions using SPOT image data. The 5 meter DEM obtained from Ministry of the interior will be resampled to 10 to 500 meters to test those topographic models sustainability on Lienhuachih Research Center. The accuracy of five topographic correction models base on different DEM resolution will be evaluated by root-mean-square error (RMSE)
The research progress of application of sequencing technology to analyze the genetic information of drug resistant recurrent ovarian cancer
Get PDFOvarian cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens the safety of women's life. Chemotherapy is an important treatment for ovarian cancer. Although the initial response rate of ovarian cancer patients to chemotherapy is high, most patients will still relapse and die. After a first-line chemotherapy of paclitaxel and platinum drugs, a study has shown that after chemotherapy, the initial response rate in advanced patients is as high as 80%, but 70% to 80% of patients eventually relapse. Although the chemotherapy regimen of ovarian cancer has been improved, the efficacy of ovarian cancer has not been fundamentally improved, The 5-year survival rate is still at 30% to 45%. The ubiquitous phenomenon of chemotherapeutic drug resistance is the central link that leads to the failure of chemotherapy and the improvement of survival rate. How to solve the problem of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in ovarian cancer is one of the difficulties in the treatment of ovarian cancer at present. The high frequency of tumor cell resistance suggests the occurrence of specific molecular mechanisms within the tumor, Using second-generation sequencing technology to detect tumor-specific molecular changes in the blood circulation. The real-time and dynamic detection of the whole genome information of tumor has broad application prospects in exploring the molecular mechanism of tumor drug resistance recurrence and transforming ctDNA from basic research to clinical application.
Single fault tolerance method for protection data flow in the MPLS network
Get PDFThis paper presents efficient methods for rerouting traffic in the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, when a fault occurs in the working link. The proposed methods have been designed to handle single fault based on the protection switching and rerouting techniques. In this paper three algorithms are developed for fault recovery in the MPLS network based on ingress LSR, alert LSR and core LSR. The proposed methods have been simulated using the Network Simulator (NS2) and the simulation results show that the proposed methods significantly improve the network performance in comparison to similar existing methods
New approach to equalizing antenna elements: analysis and performance evaluation
Get PDFThe antenna face of a phased array radar typically consists of several hundred of antenna elements, and they degrade independently. This poses a challenging problem to radar target detection, discrimination, and classification, which rely on adaptive beamforming and assume that the channels are matched to each other. In this research, a channel equalization algorithm is developed compensating for the mismatch between the reference and testing channels using the least-squares error (LSE) criterion. The equalized output is precisely the projection of the reference channel data onto the columns of the equalization matrix, which is solely a function of the testing channel output. Through the analysis of the equalization matrix, the performance metrics including the squares error, instantaneous correlation coefficient, and cancellation ratio (CR) of the proposed equalizer are expressed in closed forms. The analysis also allows us to postulate on the effect of system parameters including: window size, equalizer length, and input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the performance metrics. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations show that higher values of the equalizer length, input SNR, or window size improves the CR; however, once a system parameter approaches a certain threshold, further incrementing the size of these parameters has a diminishing return on system performance. Simulations also reveal that an equalizer with good CR or correlation coefficient results into the equalized testing channel output being almost a replica of the reference channel’s output. Correspondingly, degradation in the CR or correlation coefficient affects the equalized testing channel output. The simulation results agree closely with known theoretical analyses. The research in this paper demonstrates the importance of channel equalization and system parameter selection in obtaining a satisfactory antenna elements/subarrays output
Research and Analysis of Cooling System for Diesel Locomotive
Get PDFWith the continuous development of diesel locomotives in the direction of single power, the heat dissipation ofthe locomotive cooling system is getting bigger and bigger, and its performance directly affects the economy andreliability of the locomotive. Due to the limitation of locomotive axle load and structural space size, there is a greattechnical problem between the cooling system design and the arrangement of the cooling device and the overalllayout of the locomotive. The increase in the number of radiators, making the number of cooling system processesare correspondingly increased, resulting in locomotive cooling system water resistance and water system pressure aregreatly improved. The traditional cooling system form and the radiator structure are diffi cult to meet the developmentrequirements of high power locomotive. Based on the conventional cooling system design method, a multi-processradiator is proposed. The multi-process cooling system has the advantages of high cooling effi ciency, simple structure,small auxiliary power consumption of the pump and high reliability of the cooling system components. In this paper,the cooling system and its function, the existing cooling technology and the multi-process radiator are studied andanalyzed, and the three-process radiator and the single-process radiator are tested and compared. In this paper, a newmulti-process radiator structure scheme is proposed for the design requirements of CKD9 diesel locomotive coolingsystem. The program eff ectively uses the radiator cooling water and cooling air temperature diff erence, to achieve thepurpose of increasing heat dissipation
Investigative safety strategies to improve success in drug development
Get PDFUnderstanding and reducing attrition rate remains a key challenge in drug development. Preclinical and clinical safety issues still represent about 40% of drug discontinuation, of which cardiac and liver toxicities are the leading reasons. Reducing attrition rate can be achieved by various means, starting with a comprehensive evaluation of the potential safety issues associated to the primary target followed by an evaluation of undesirable secondary targets. To address these risks, a risk mitigation plan should be built at very early development stages, using a panel of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models. While most pharmaceutical companies have developed robust safety strategies to de-risk genotoxicity and cardiotoxicity issues, partly driven by regulatory requirements; safety issues affecting other organs or systems, such as the central nervous system, liver, kidney, or gastro-intestinal system are less commonly addressed during early drug development. This paper proposes some de-risking strategies that can be applied to these target organ systems, including the use of novel biomarkers that can be easily integrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. Experiments to understand the mechanisms’ underlying toxicity are also important. Two examples are provided to demonstrate how such mechanistic studies can impact drug development. Novel trends in investigative safety are reviewed, such as computational modeling, mitochondrial toxicity assessment, and imaging technologies. Ultimately, understanding the predictive value of non-clinical safety testing and its translatability to humans will enable to optimize assays in order to address the key objectives of the drug discovery process, i.e., hazard identification, risk assessment, and mitigation
Genomics Vault: A framework for Precision Medicine data management
Get PDFOn March 9, 2017, the Canadian parliament overwhelmingly passed the Genetic Non-Discrimination Act to prevent the use of genetic data to deny individuals health insurance, employment, housing or influence their child custody or adoption decisions. Supporters of the law noted the reluctance of Canadians to take genetic tests during clinical care for fear of the data being used against the