International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología).
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Avaliação do sofrimento existencial na pessoa em situação paliativa: uma revisão narrativa
No full textTheoretical Framework: Existential suffering (ES) in palliative care patients addresses fundamental issues related to the meaning of life, fear of death and loss of purpose. Despite its importance, the adequate assessment of ES remains underexplored in clinical practice. The existing literature points to the need for robust methods and instruments for assessing ES in palliative contexts. This study aims to fill this gap by reviewing the methods and instruments used to assess ES in people in palliative care (PC). Objective: To identify the methods and instruments used to assess ES in palliative care patients. Methodology: A qualitative study was carried out through a narrative review in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and EBSCOhost databases. Eleven articles responding to the study’s objective were selected. Results and Discussion of Results: The review identifies the Existential Distress Scale (EDS), the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI-IT) and the Demoralization Scale (DS-II) as effective tools for the comprehensive assessment of ES in PC. Additionally, the Care, Assistance/Help, Stress, Hopes/Fears (CASH) and Meaning and Existential Purpose (EMAP) are valued for their effectiveness in facilitating communication and complex decision making. However, it is imperative that these tools are continually developed and validated to maintain their relevance and effectiveness in varied cultural and clinical contexts, ensuring constant adaptations in the face of cultural diversity and different clinical practices. Conclusion: Accurate assessment of ES is essential for improving the quality of care. This study highlights the comprehensiveness of some instruments in simplifying the assessment of ES and in making complex decisions. However, it is crucial to continue developing and adapting these instruments to ensure their applicability and effectiveness in different cultural and clinical contexts.Enquadramento Teórico: O sofrimento existencial (SE) na pessoa em situação paliativa aborda questões fundamentais relacionadas ao sentido da vida, medo da morte e perda de propósito. Apesar da sua importância, a avaliação adequada do SE permanece subexplorada na prática clínica. A literatura existente aponta para a necessidade de métodos e instrumentos robustos para a avaliação do SE em contextos paliativos. Este estudo visa preencher esta lacuna, revisando os métodos e instrumentos utilizados na avaliação do SE na pessoa em cuidados paliativos (CP). Objetivo: Identificar métodos e instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o SE na pessoa em situação paliativa. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo através de uma revisão narrativa nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e EBSCOhost. Foram selecionados onze artigos que dão resposta ao objetivo do estudo. Resultados e Discussão de Resultados: A revisão identifica a Escala de Sofrimento Existencial (EDS), o Inventário de Dignidade do Paciente (PDI-IT) e a Escala de Desmoralização (DS-II) como ferramentas eficazes para a avaliação abrangente do SE em CP. Adicionalmente, a Cuidado, Assistência/Ajuda, Stress, Esperanças/Medos (CASH) e Significado e Propósito Existencial (EMAP) são valorizadas pela sua eficácia na facilitação da comunicação e na tomada de decisões complexas. No entanto, é imperativo que estas ferramentas sejam continuamente desenvolvidas e validadas para manter a sua relevância e eficácia em contextos culturais e clínicos variados, garantindo adaptações constantes face à diversidade cultural e práticas clínicas distintas. Conclusão: A avaliação precisa do SE é essencial para melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados. Este estudo sublinha a abrangência de alguns instrumentos na simplificação da avaliação do SE e na tomada de decisões complexas. Contudo, é crucial continuar a desenvolver e adaptar estes instrumentos para garantir a sua aplicabilidade e eficácia nos diversos contextos culturais e clínicos.
Habilidades iniciales y perfiles de rendimiento matemático en 6º de educación primaria
No full textMathematical skills acquired during kindergarten can predict mathematical performance at the end of schooling, being a keyfactor of employability in adulthood. In this sense, it seems plausible to determine early profiles with the aim of contributing to the detection of difficulties in mathematics. Thus, this retrospective study consisted of analyzing the differences in early numeracy skills evaluated in kindergarten between children categorized according to theirmathematical performance in 6th grade of Primary School. The sample was made up of 91 students, of which 18.68% (n = 17) showed math learning difficulties (MLD), 37.36% (n = 34) presented average performance and 43.96% (n = 40) scored high performance in the EVAMAT-6 battery (3.0 version, García et al., 2018) administeredat the end of the Primary stage. To evaluate the degree of acquisition of early numeracy skills in Kindergarten, the TEDI-MATH test (Gregóire et al., 2005) was administered six years ago, which assesses counting skills (conceptual and procedural), magnitude comparison abilities (symbolic and non-symbolic) and logical operations (seriation, classification, conservation, and inclusion). The results show that students with MLD showed significantly poorer performance in key mathematical skills compared to the high-achieving group, such as procedural counting,symbolic comparison skills, and logical seriation and conservation. These findings have implications for the detection of MLD and, in addition, go deeper into the determination of high mathematical performance profiles in the early stages of development.Mathematical skills acquired during kindergarten can predict mathematical performance at the end of schooling, being a key factor of employability in adulthood. In this sense, it seems plausible to determine early profiles with the aim of contributing to the detection of difficulties in mathematics. Thus, this retrospective study consisted of analyzing the differences in early numeracy skills evaluated in kindergarten between children categorized according to their mathematical performance in 6th grade of Primary School. The sample was made up of 91 students, of which18.68% (n = 17) showed math learning difficulties (MLD), 37.36% (n = 34) presented average performance and 43.96% (n = 40) scored high performance in the EVAMAT-6 battery (3.0 version, García et al., 2018) administered at the end of the Primary stage. To evaluate the degree of acquisition of early numeracy skills in Kindergarten, the TEDI-MATH test (Gregóire et al., 2005) was administered six years ago, which assesses counting skills (conceptual and procedural), magnitude comparison abilities (symbolic and non-symbolic) and logical operations (seriation, classification, conservation, and inclusion). The results show that students with MLD showed significantly poorer performance in key mathematical skills compared to the high-achieving group, such as procedural counting, symbolic comparison skills, and logical seriation and conservation. These findings have implications for the detection of MLD and, in addition, go deeper into the determination of high mathematical performance profiles in the early stages of development.Las habilidades matemáticas adquiridas durante la etapa de Educación Infantil pueden predecir el rendimiento matemático al finalizar la escolaridad, siendo éste un factor determinante de la empleabilidad en la adultez. En este sentido, parece plausible determinar perfiles tempranos con el objetivo de contribuir a la detección de las dificultades en el área de las matemáticas. Por ello, este estudio retrospectivo consistió en analizar las diferencias en las competencias matemáticas básicas evaluadas en Educación Infantil entre niños y niñas categorizados en función de su rendimiento matemático en 6º de Educación Primaria. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 91 estudiantes, de los cuales el 18.68% (n = 17) mostraron dificultades de aprendizaje en matemáticas (DAM), el 37.36% presentó un rendimiento medio (n = 34) y el 43.96% rendimiento alto (n = 40) en la batería EVAMAT-6 versión 3.0 (García et al., 2018) administrada al finalizar la etapa de Educación Primaria. Para evaluar el grado de adquisición de competencias matemáticas básicas en Educación Infantil, se administró el TEDI-MATH (Gregóire et al., 2005) seis años antes, que evalúa las competencias de conteo (conceptual y procedimental), comparación de magnitudes (simbólicas y no-simbólicas) y operaciones lógicas (seriación, clasificación, conservación e inclusión). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los estudiantes con DAM mostraron un desempeño significativamente inferior en competencias matemáticas clave en comparación con el grupo de rendimiento alto, tales como el conteo procedimental, las habilidades de comparación simbólica y la seriación y conservación lógicas. Estos hallazgos poseen implicaciones para la detección de las DAM y, además, profundizan en la determinación de perfiles de alto rendimiento matemático en etapas tempranas del desarrollo
Proyecto reducción de riesgos psicosociales en la aplicación de la ley: formación para el bienestar
No full textThe INFAD Association of Psychology and Education, in cooperation with several other partners, especially the Family Law Centre, Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra-3004–545 Coimbra. Email: [email protected] http://www.centrodedireitodafamilia.org has participated in the ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME KA220-VET. Project Number| PT01-KA220 - VET- 000028146. A Project that has allowed us from INFAD to intensely approach the topic of “Psychology meeting health”; “I didn’t find psychology so healthy”; “Psychology meeting health”. For INFAD, this and other already completed Erasmus + projects are and have been of vital importance for their contribution to the field of science and to the society to which we owe ourselves, providing efforts and conclusions,such as those we present in this Project Information-Presentation. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes mental well-being as a fundamental component of health and places it as one of the main concerns for the coming years (Mental Health Action Plan, 2013-2020). Mental health is being the subject of significant investments from all states in the world, with strategies that empower people to maintain healthy behaviours related to mental health, improving the quality of life (WHO) and reducing the psychosocial risks of mental health disorders. This is also a concern of the member states in their national mental health strategies (Portuguese National Mental Health Program - Priority Health Programs 2020 Goals) and in the production of legislation that specifically refers to the balance between work and life and the reduction of psychosocial risks.La Asociación INFAD de Psicología y Educación, en cooperación con varios otros socios, especialmente Centro de Derecho de Familia, Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Coimbra-3004–545 Coimbra. Correo electrónico: [email protected] http://www.centrodedireitodafamilia.org ha participado en el PROGRAMA ERASMUS+ KA220-VET. Número de proyecto| PT01-KA220 - VET- 000028146. Un Proyecto que nos ha permitido desde INFAD abordar intensamente el tema del “Encuentro de Psicología
salud"; “No encontré la psicología tan saludable”; “Psicología frente a la salud”. Para INFAD, este y otros proyectos Erasmus+ ya finalizados son y han sido de vital importancia para su aportación al campo de la ciencia y a la sociedad a la que nos debemos, aportando esfuerzos y conclusiones, como los que presentamos en esta Información-Presentación del Proyecto. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) describe el bienestar mental como un componente fundamental de la salud
y lo sitúa como una de las principales preocupaciones para los próximos años (Plan de Acción de Salud Mental, 2013-2020). Mental La salud está siendo objeto de importantes inversiones de todos los estados del mundo, con estrategias que potencian personas a mantener comportamientos saludables relacionados con la salud mental, mejorando la calidad de vida (OMS) y reduciendo
los riesgos psicosociales de los trastornos de salud mental. Esta es también una preocupación de los Estados miembros en sus respectivos países. estrategias de salud mental (Programa Nacional de Salud Mental de Portugal - Objetivos de los Programas de Salud Prioritarios 2020) y
en la producción de legislación que se refiera específicamente al equilibrio entre vida laboral y personal y a la reducción de riesgos psicosociales
Mediación de los enfoques y habilidades de studio en estudiantes universitarios durante la covid-19: el efecto en la relación entre la influencia familiar y la autoeficacia
No full textObjective: Self-efficacy is a characteristic that helps university students to fulfill pedagogical and academic tasks and goals. The support of the family or the skills of students are important to their university career, which may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to analyze whether family influence and study approaches and skills can predict self-efficacy and whether the relationship between family influence and self-efficacy can be mediated by students’ study approaches and skills. Methods: Participated in the study 174 Portuguese university students of both genders, with an average age of 23.70 years (±8.47). The instruments applied were the Family Influence Scale, Higher Education Self-Efficacy Scale, Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (short version) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The study approaches and skills predicts of self-efficacy and mediates the relationship between family influence and self-efficacy.Conclusion: Knowing the important impact of study approaches and skills on students’ self-efficacy will contribute to the definition of support strategies that universities should promote, in a pandemic and post-pandemic phase, for the mental health and academic success of their community.Objetivo: La autoeficacia es una característica que ayuda a los estudiantes universitarios a cumplir con las tareas y metas pedagógicas y académicas. El apoyo de la familia o las habilidades de los estudiantes son importantes para su carrera universitaria, que puede verse afectada por la pandemia del COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si la influencia familiar y los enfoques y habilidades de estudio pueden predecir la autoeficacia y si la relación entre la influencia familiar y la autoeficacia puede estar mediada por los enfoques y habilidades de estudio de los estudiantes. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 174 estudiantes universitarios portugueses de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 23,70 años (±8,47). Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la Escala de Influencia Familiar, la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Educación Superior, el Inventario de Enfoques y Habilidades de Estudio para Estudiantes (versión corta) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Resultados: Los enfoques y habilidades de estudio predicen de la autoeficacia y median la relación entre influencia familiar y autoeficacia. Conclusiones: Conocer el importante impacto de los enfoques y habilidades de estudio en la autoeficacia de los estudiantes contribuirá a la definición de estrategias de apoyo que las universidades deben promover, en fase pandémica y post-pandémica, para la salud mental y el éxito académico de su comunidad.
Adolescentes interconectados. Evolución en los últimos años en alumnado de la ESO
No full textConsidering the complexity of factors surrounding the lives of young people today, the topic of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their influence on secondary school students was explored. The presence of technology has burst forth with great strength and impact in the lives and leisure of teenagers. Therefore, it is important to know and analyze how ICTs are affecting them and how they are used (Del Barrio 2017). Teenagers cannot understand their lives, social relationships, or leisure without being immersed in them. Their lifestyles are largely digital, which they find enormously attractive and, at times, addictive. For this reason, our objectives in this work are: to understand the usage habits related to the internet and social networks by secondary school students, analyzing from a comparative perspective how this has evolved in just four or five years, as well as the influence these are having on the lives of these young people. The methodology involved a literature review based on the research of Andrade, B., Guadix, I., Rial, A. & Suárez, F. (2021), for their UNICEF report, Del Barrio (2017) in the Autonomous Community of Cantabria, and indicators from the OECD (2024) report with PISA 2022 data, titled: Students, Digital Devices, and Success. This review also facilitated the development of personal reflections on the observed changes over the years between these studies.Dado el entramado complejo de factores que influyen en la vida contemporánea de los jóvenes, consideramos esencial explorar el ámbito de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y su impacto en los estudiantes de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). La tecnología se ha integrado de manera contundente y significativa en el entretenimiento y el día a día de los adolescentes, destacando la necesidad de examinar y comprender cómo las TIC afectan sus vidas y cómo las manejan. Según Del Barrio (2017), los adolescentes ya no conciben sus vidas sociales o su tiempo de ocio sin una inmersión total en estas tecnologías. Sus modos de vida, predominantemente digitales, son extremadamente atractivos para ellos y a veces pueden resultar adictivos. Por lo tanto, nos propusimos como objetivos de este artículo identificar los patrones de uso de Internet y redes sociales por parte de los estudiantes de la ESO, evaluando cómo estos patrones han cambiado en un período de solo cuatro o cinco años y el efecto que estas tecnologías tienen en sus vidas. En cuanto a la metodología, hemos llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica centrada en los estudios de Andrade, B., Guadix, I., Rial, A., & Suárez, F. (2021) en su informe para UNICEF, y de Del Barrio (2017) en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Además, hemos considerado ciertos indicadores del informe reciente de la OCDE (2024), titulado “Estudiantes, dispositivos digitales y éxito”, basado en los datos de PISA 2022. Este enfoque nos ha permitido generar una serie de reflexiones propias sobre los cambios observados en el intervalo entre estos estudios
Emprendimiento y Psicología
No full textThis study explored the differences in personality and beliefs of individuals identified as entrepreneurs, focusing on motivation, personality factors, and general control expectations. It was conducted with the participation of 475 university students from the Amazon region of Brazil, using various evaluation tools to analyze the five major personality factors, control expectations, and motivation towards achievement or results. The findings revealed that students with a higher achievement motivation are more responsible and have a greater internal locus of control, meaning they believe they have control over their life. These students perceive themselves as less helpless, more self-efficacious, and with higher success expectations than those focused on results. On the other hand, students motivated by results tend to believe that the events of their life are due to luck or forces beyond their control. In conclusion, this study highlights a distinctive entrepreneurial pattern in students with high achievement motivation. This pattern may have significant implications for the education and development of future entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that fostering greater achievement motivation and an internal locus of control in students could be beneficial in cultivating entrepreneurial skills and fostering an entrepreneurial spirit. As for applications in society, these results may be useful for educators and policymakers seeking to foster entrepreneurship. By understanding the personality factors and beliefs that characterize successful entrepreneurs, they can design educational and training programs that foster these characteristics in students. In addition, entrepreneurs and companies can use these findings to identify and cultivate entrepreneurial talents. Finally, individuals can use these results to better understand their own entrepreneurial tendencies and how they can work to improve them.Este estudio exploró las diferencias en la personalidad y las creencias de los individuos identificados como emprendedores, centrándose en la motivación, los factores de personalidad y las expectativas generales de control. Se llevó a cabo con la participación de 475 estudiantes universitarios de la región amazónica de Brasil, utilizando varias herramientas de evaluación para analizar los cinco grandes factores de personalidad, las expectativas de control y la motivación hacia el logro o los resultados. Los hallazgos revelaron que los estudiantes con una mayor motivación de logro son más responsables y tienen un mayor locus de control interno, lo que significa que creen tener el control de su vida. Estos estudiantes se perciben a sí mismos como menos indefensos, más auto-eficaces y con mayores expectativas de éxito que aquellos enfocados en los resultados. Por otro lado, los estudiantes motivados por los resultados tienden a creer que los eventos de su vida se deben a la suerte o a fuerzas ajenas a su control. En conclusión, este estudio destaca un patrón emprendedor distintivo en estudiantes con alta motivación de logro. Este patrón puede tener implicaciones significativas para la educación y el desarrollo de futuros emprendedores. Los hallazgos sugieren que fomentar una mayor motivación de logro y un locus de control interno en los estudiantes podría ser beneficioso para cultivar habilidades emprendedoras y fomentar el espíritu empresarial. En cuanto a las aplicaciones en la sociedad, estos resultados pueden ser útiles para los educadores y los responsables de las políticas que buscan fomentar el espíritu empresarial. Al entender los factores de personalidad y las creencias que caracterizan a los emprendedores exitosos, pueden diseñar programas educativos y de formación que fomenten estas características en los estudiantes. Además, los empresarios y las empresas pueden utilizar estos hallazgos para identificar y cultivar talentos emprendedores. Finalmente, los individuos pueden utilizar estos resultados para entender mejor sus propias tendencias emprendedoras y cómo pueden trabajar para mejorarlas
Prevençao quaternária, o estado da arte!
No full textQuaternary prevention, initiated approximately 30 years ago by the Belgian doctor Marc Jamoulle, is currently an obligatory reference in the management of the health/disease equation of our time, however, coexisting in practice with numerous paradoxes that are difficult to resolve as the different actors share different interests that are difficult to resolve. reconcile in practice. Overmedicalization, overinformation, overscreening, overdiagnosis, overtretment, represent realities that require knowledge and control efforts marked, because the existing formulations of so many variables with interrelations. Known and unknown are not easy to operationalize to everyone’s satisfaction. Ivan Illich, Geoffrey Rose, Marc Jamoulle and many others interpreted realities of its time with an impact on future times and today we try to understand why not. Have appropriate measures been implemented that are consistent with your ideas? Quaternary prevention is certainly a pillar of Medicine that is not widespread but restricted to those faithful who, understanding its essence, oppose the medicalization of society, to the infinite cascades of surreal diagnoses that contribute to the growth of Pharmaceutical Laboratories. How is the state of the art? New directions are filled with new hopes in this case of AI (Artificial Intelligence)A prevenção quaternária iniciada sensivelmete há 30 anos pelo médico belga Marc Jamoulle, é atualmente um referencial obrigatório na gestão da equação saúde / doença do nosso tempo, porém, convivendo na prática com inúmeros paradoxos de dificil resolução pois os diferentes atores partilham diferentes interesses dificeis de conciliar na prática. Overmedicalization, overinformation, overscreening, overdiagnosis, overtretment, representam realidades que exigem esforços de conhecimento e controle marcados, pois as formulações existentes de tantas variáveis com interrelações conhecidas e desconhecidas não são fáceis de operacionalizar a contento de todos. Ivan Illich, Geoffrey Rose, Marc Jamoulle e tantos outros interpretaram realidades do seu tempo com impacto nos tempos futuros e hoje tentamos compeender porque não foram implementadas medidas adequadas coerentes com as suas ideias ? A prevenção quaternária, é certamente um pilar da Medicina não generalizado mas restrito áqueles fiéis que compreendendo a sua essência, se opoêm á medicalização da sociedade, ás cascatas infinitas de diagnósticos surreais que contribuem para o crescimento dos Laboratórios Farmacêuticos. Como está o estado da arte? Novos rumos se apresentam embalados por novas esperanças neste caso da IA (Inteligência Artificial
Diseño de un programa de intervención para la alfabetización de niños con discapacidad intelectual
No full textLiteracy of children with intellectual disabilities constitutes a problem of certain social urgency. The low levels of literacy of this group deteriorate their school and social adaptation, as well as their long-term quality of life. Furthermore, some evidence indicates that many of these children have received educational programs that do not involve research-informed reading instruction. In this way, the literacy of these students has, on many occasions, renounced methods that would explicitly teach the relationships between graphemes and phonemes, include phonemic awareness and allow practice in decoding tasks. On the contrary, educational programs have been used that taught children the words globally, as logograms, and that did not allow children to decode the words not taught on their own. With the aim of addressing this problem, the design of PANDA (Literacy Program for Children with Learning Difficulties) is presented. Firstly, the instructional and technical principles that guide the design and application of the program are shown and are born from quality empirical studies that have addressed literacy for this group. Subsequently, some specific procedures designed for the implementation of the program are described, as well as a series of general and specific adaptations that have attempted to adapt it to children with linguistic and cognitive deficits. Finally, the phases of the program are summarized, describing the itinerary that has been followed for its application.La alfabetización de los niños que presentan discapacidad intelectual constituye un problema de cierta urgencia social. Los bajos niveles de alfabetización de este colectivo deterioran su adaptación escolar y social, así como su calidad de vida a largo plazo. Además, algunas evidencias indican que muchos de estos niños han recibido programas educativos que no conllevaban una enseñanza de la lectura informada desde la investigación. De esta manera, la alfabetización de estos estudiantes ha renunciado, en muchas ocasiones, a métodos que enseñaran de forma explícita las relaciones entre grafemas y fonemas, incluyeran conciencia fonémica y permitieran práctica en tareas de decodificación. Por el contrario, se han empleado programas educativos que enseñaban a los niños las palabras globalmente, a modo de logogramas, y que no les permitían a decodificar por sí mismos las palabras no enseñadas. Con el objetivo de abordar este problema, se presenta el diseño de PANDA (Programa de Alfabetización para Niños con Dificultades de Aprendizaje). Se muestran, en primer lugar, los principios instruccionales y técnicos que guían el diseño y la aplicación del programa y que nacen de estudios empíricos de calidad que han abordado la alfabetización a este colectivo. Posteriormente, se describen algunos procedimientos específicos diseñados para la implementación del programa, así como toda una serie de adaptaciones generales y específicas que han tratado de adecuarlo a niños con déficits lingüísticos y cognitivos. Finalmente, se resumen las fases del programa, describiendo el itinerario que se ha de seguir para la aplicación de este
La psicología al encuentro con la salud: Superando lo difícil
No full textWrite a presentation for our journal “International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. INFAD: Revista de Psicología”, in its year XXXVI, No. 1, and that, in this case, we have agreed on the title for the monograph of: “Psychology meets health” forces me to refer to and reflect on the two concepts involved: “Psychology” and “Health.” I know that when I start to make a “presentation” of the new issue of the magazine, -as is happening at this moment-, I always ask myself what I should indicate or what I should capture in those few paragraphs that I force myself to do. to leave writings. Faced with a doubtful feeling, - perhaps also lazy - my internal world and my experience tells me that with enthusiasm and courageous work everything will be revitalized as new, that illusion will unmask my fears, change my position, make me get out of what I It seems cumbersome to me, and it will help me to love and live with enthusiasm, what I do, even whatever it costs me... and knowing that "what you can do today, don\u27t leave it for tomorrow" I get to it. I affirm and believe that enthusiasm and a positive approach will make you think about what you need to activate and/or change in life, and not give up and put aside the negative, but undertake the task of turning it into a positive one. And the illusion is important and constant in this case. Illusion yes, but it alone is not enough, I will also have to respond with rigor, scientificity, with relevance. The feeling is, in this case, positive and I will try to reflect, especially what it requires of me to be making a presentation for a Scientific Magazine like ours. This appears to me, in my most intimate sense, as a lucid and clear demand, excited and positive. With its load of demand, but positive. A journal that is scientifically well positioned and has been published for many years demands it. We are in the 36th year since its origins and always active and present. The “Presentation” is just a small detail before the “whole scientist” of the Magazine. The little before the much. I remember here Tagore\u27s text when he said “Once I spoke of the sea to the stream, and the stream thought that my imagination was exaggerated. And on another occasion I spoke from the stream to the sea and the sea thought that I was a contemptuous slanderer.” Neither should the presentation be a minimal “stream” in front of an immense “sea” (our magazine), nor should it be an immense “sea” in front of a stream. Neither an exaggerated imagination nor a contemptuous spirit. It is true that the set of science implicit, in this issue, and in these past years, of the magazine, is an "immense sea", and living it like this fills us with so much enthusiasm that it already rewards everything thinkable to this "stream" of "Presentation". I said, a few paragraphs above, that I am aware that I am writing a “Presentation” for an issue of our magazine that we have agreed upon as “Psychology meeting health.” Two very involved concepts: “Psychology” and “Health” & “Health and Psychology” We will have to talk about both concepts or, better yet, we will have to imply both in their entirety and link them with each other. The word “health” already forces us to consider a reflection from Psychology. And give Psychology a connotation of health - healthy. The etymology of the word “health”, derived from the Latin "salus", recalls concepts of "being well, without illness, improvement, salvation, security and integrity, happiness, full intimate organization, etc...". All of this is just a reminder of the complexity of the concept of “health”, which goes beyond “the mere absence of disease” and involves multiple aspects of our lives, including lifestyles, social relationships and personal fulfillment and above all, also , “mental health”. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes mental well-being as a fundamental component of health and places it as one of the main concerns for the coming years (the Mental Health Action Plan, 2013-2020 did so and the Agenda 2020-2030). “Mental health” is being the subject of significant investments by all states in the world, with strategies that empower people to maintain healthy behaviors related to their mental health, improving quality of life (WHO) and reducing the psychosocial risks of the disorders involved. On it. This is also a concern of EU member states. in their national mental health strategies.Escribir una presentación para nuestra revista “International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. INFAD: Revista de Psicología”, en su año XXXVI, nº 1, y que, en este caso, hemos consensuado con el título para el monográfico de:“Psicología al encuentro con la salud”, me obliga a referirme y reflexionar sobre los dos conceptos implicados: “Psicología” y “Salud”. Sé que cuando me pongo a efectuar una “presentación” del nuevo numero de la revista, -como ocurre en este momento-, siempre me interrogo qué deberé indicar o qué deberé plasmar en esos pocos párrafos que me obligoa dejar escritos. Ante un sentimiento dudoso, -quizás también perezoso- mi mundo interno y mi experiencia me dice que con la ilusión y con el trabajo animoso se revitalizará todo como nuevo, que la ilusión desenmascarará mis temores, cambiará mi posición, me hará salir de aquello que se me hace farragoso, y me ayudará a amar y a vivir ilusionado, aquello que hago, incluso cueste lo que me cueste… y sabiendo que “lo que puedas hacer hoy no lo dejes para mañana” me pongo a ello.Afirmo y creo que la ilusión y el enfoque positivo hará que piense en aquello que necesite activar y/o cambiar en la vida, y no desistir y dejar a un lado lo negativo, sino emprender la tarea de convertirlo en positivo. Y la ilusión es importante y constante en este caso. Ilusión sí, pero solo ella no basta, deberé responder también con rigor, cientificidad, con actualidad. El sentimiento es, en este caso, positivo y trataré de reflexionar, sobre todo lo que me exige el estar haciendo una presentación de una Revista Científica como la nuestra. Ello se me representa, en lo más intimo, como una exigencia lucida y diáfana, ilusionada y positiva. Con su carga de exigencia, pero positiva. Una revista bien posicionada científicamente y con muchos años de publicación lo exige. Estamos en el año 36 desde sus orígenes y siempre activa y presente. La “Presentación” es solo un pequeño detalle ante el “todo científico” de la Revista. El poco ante el mucho. Recuerdo aquí el texto de Tagore cuando decía “Una vez hablé del mar al arroyuelo, y el arroyuelo pensó que mi imaginación era exagerada. Y en otra ocasión hablé del arroyuelo al mar y el mar pensó que yo era un despreciativo difamador”. Ni la presentación debe ser un “arroyuelo” mínimo frente a un “mar” inmenso (nuestra revista), ni tampoco un “mar” inmenso debe serlo frente a un arroyuelo. Ni una imaginación exagerada, ni un espíritu despreciativo. Cierto que el conjunto de ciencia implícita, en este numero, y en estos años pasados, de la revista, es un “mar inmenso” , y vivirlo así nos llena de tanta ilusión que ya ello recompensa todo lo pensable a este “arroyuelo” de “Presentación”. Decía, unos párrafos mas arriba, que soy consciente que estoy escribiendo una “Presentación” para un numero de nuestra revista que hemos consensuado como “Psicología al encuentro con la salud”. Dosconceptos muy implicados: “Psicología” y “Salud”& “Salud y Psicología” De ambos conceptos habremos de hablar o mejor a ambos deberemos implicar en su totalidad y vincularlo uno con otro. Ya la palabra “salud” nos obliga a plantearnos una reflexión desde la Psicología. Y a la Psicología darle una connotación de salud - saludable. La etimología de la palabra “salud”, derivada del latín “salus”, recuerda conceptos de “estar bien, sin enfermedad, de superación, de salvación, de seguridad e integridad, de felicidad, de plena organización intima, etc…”. Todo ello es solo un recordatorio de la complejidad del concepto de “salud” , queva másallá“dela mera ausencia de enfermedad” e involucra múltiples aspectos de nuestras vidas, incluidos estilos de vida, relaciones sociales y realización personal y sobre todo, también, de “salud mental”. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) describe el bienestar mental como un componente fundamental de la salud y lo sitúa como una de las principales preocupaciones para los próximos años (lo hacía ya la Mental Health Action Plan, 2013-2020 y lo hace la Agenda 2020-2030). La “salud mental” está siendo objeto de importantes inversiones de todos los estados del mundo, con estrategias que empoderan a las personas para mantener comportamientos saludables relacionados con su salud mental, mejorando lacalidad devida(OMS)y reduciendo los riesgos psicosociales de los trastornos implicados en ello. Esta es también una preocupación de los estados miembros de la UE. en sus estrategias nacionales de salud mental
Sentido de vida, bem-estar psicológico e saúde mental em adultos brasileiros
No full textCurrently, the meaning of life is considered as a driver of psychological well-being and significantly relevant to mental health. This positive psychological approach has increasingly made society and the academic community aware of the need to evaluate and investigate these concepts, in order to understand their implications. This study includes a sample of 431 subjects residing in the Federative Republic of Brazil, 100 male and 331 female. Using self report measures, through the application of questionnaires, our research correlated the concepts of meaning in life, psychological well being and mental health, also considering gender, age and personality characteristics. Through data analysis, we were able to understand that the search for meaning in life continues to be predominant in subjects, even though, in a significant sample, we found the statement that there already exists a clear purpose in life. As for psychological well-being, there are positive correlations between its factors and the presence of meaning in life, and it is negatively related to symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Regarding the effects of meaning in life and personality on mental health symptoms and psychological well being, it was possible to identify interesting predictors. Another relevant fact is the statistically significant differences between emerging adults and middle-aged adults in terms of the variables analyzed, with no important gender effect being recorded. We conclude that there is evidence that there continues to be a search for the meaning in life and that well-being and mental health are affected by it, therefore, it is up to us to analyze the causes and how these have implications for everyday life of Brazilian citizens. This issue appears as a warning in such a controversial time, post-covid and with the current occurrence of international war conflicts.Atualmente, considera-se o sentido de vida como impulsionador do bem-estar psicológico e expressivamente relevante para a saúde mental. Esta abordagem psicológica positiva tem consciencializado cada vez mais a sociedade e a comunidade académica da necessidade de uma avaliação e investigação destes conceitos, de modo a entender as suas implicações. Este estudo contempla uma amostra de 431 sujeitos residentes na República Federativa do Brasil, 100 do sexo masculino e 331 do sexo feminino. Recorrendo a medidas de autorrelato, através da aplicação de questionários, a nossa pesquisa correlacionou os conceitos de sentido de vida, bem-estar psicológico e saúde mental, considerando ainda o género, idade e características de personalidade. Através da análise dos dados, conseguimos perceber que a procura do sentido de vida continua a ser predominante nos sujeitos, ainda que, numa amostra significativa, encontremos a afirmação de que já existe um propósito claro de vida. Quanto ao bem-estar psicológico, existem correlações positivas entre os seus fatores e a presença de sentido de vida, sendo que se relaciona negativamente com os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e stresse. Quanto aos efeitos do sentido de vida e da personalidade na sintomatologia da saúde mental e no bem-estar psicológico, foi possível identificar interessantes preditores. Um outro dado relevante são as diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre adultos emergentes e adultos de meia-idade a nível das variáveis analisadas, não se registando um importante efeito do género. Concluímos que existem evidências de que continua a existir uma busca pelo sentido de vida e de que o bem-estar e a saúde mental são por ele afetados, deste modo, cabendo-nos uma análise das causas e de como estas têm implicações no dia-a-dia dos cidadãos brasileiros. Esta problemática surge como um alerta num tempo tão controverso, o pós-covid e com a atual ocorrência de conflitos bélicos internacionais.