727 research outputs found
Sort by
Accompanying Code for Chapter 4 of the PhD Thesis "Global Inference and Local Syntax Representations for Event Extraction"
No full textThis release contains the source code used for Chapter 4 of the PhD thesis "Global Inference and Local Syntax Representations for Event Extraction". The code served as a testbed for the assumption that dependency graphs can be an important information source for event extraction. As such, this code might not be interesting in terms of predictions, but it can serve as a reference for the implementation specifics.
Refer to the README.md for more details
Protecting democracy from abroad [Data]
No full textThis dataset and analysis files accompany the paper "Protecting democracy from abroad: Democracy aid against attempts to circumvent presidential term limits" (Democratization, forthcoming). The article addresses the question whether international democracy aid helps to protect presidential term limits, a commonly accepted safeguard for democracy. According to our analysis, democracy aid is effective in countering attempts to circumvent term limits, thus, contributed to protecting democratic standards in African and Latin American countries between 1990 and 2014. While democracy aid lowers the risk for a successful circumvention of a term limit, its effect is not as strong on initiating an attempt to circumvent term limits. Our analysis furthermore suggests that the risk for an attempt to circumvent term limits is about double as high in Latin American as in African states. Our results confirm prior findings that ‘targeted aid’ such as democracy aid matters for protecting democracy when it is at risk. They furthermore support previous indications that more refined theories on the effects of democracy aid in different phases of a domestic process are necessary
Subsidizing Unit Donations: Matches, Rebates, and Discounts Compared [Dataset]
No full textAn influential result in the literature on charitable giving is that matching subsidies dominate rebate subsidies in raising funds. We investigate whether this result extends to "unit donation" schemes, a popular alternative form of soliciting donations. There, the donors' choices are over the number of units of a charitable good to fund at a given unit price, rather than the amount of money to give. Comparing matches and rebates as well as simple discounts on the unit price, we find no evidence of dominance in our online experiment: The three subsidy types are equally effective overall. At a more disaggregated level, rebates lead to a higher likelihood of giving while matching and discount subsidies lead to larger donations by donors. This suggests that charities using a unit donation scheme enjoy additional degrees of freedom in choosing a subsidy type. Rebates merit additional consideration if the primary goal is to attract donors
Two-Photon 3D Laser Printing Inside Synthetic Cells [Research Data]
No full textTowards the ambitious goal of manufacturing synthetic cells from the bottom up, various cellular components have already been reconstituted inside of lipid vesicles. However, the deterministic positioning of these components inside the compartment has remained elusive. Here, by using two-photon 3D laser printing, 2D and 3D hydrogel architectures were manufactured with high precision and nearly arbitrary shape inside of preformed giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs). The required water-soluble photoresist is brought into the GUVs by diffusion in a single mixing step. Crucially, femtosecond two-photon printing inside the compartment does not destroy the GUVs. Beyond this proof-of-principle demonstration, early functional architectures were realized. In particular, a transmembrane structure acting as a pore was 3D printed, thereby allowing for the transport of biological cargo, including DNA, into the synthetic compartment. These experiments show that two-photon 3D laser microprinting can be an important addition to the existing toolbox of synthetic biology
Groups discipline resource use under scarcity [Dataset, Instructions, and Replication files]
No full textResource scarcity sharpens the conflict between short term gains and long term sustainability. Psychological research documents that decision makers focus on immediate needs under scarcity. While decision makers use available resources most effectively, they also borrow too much from future resources. Overall performance decreases as a consequence. Using an online experiment, we study how scarcity affects borrowing decisions in groups. We show that the negative effect of scarcity is weaker for groups than for individuals. Even in our minimal design that excludes direct interaction or communication, the fact that participants know that their own behavior affects another participant disciplines their use of scarce resources. Our results thus highlight the benefit of groups as units of human organization
M3C2-EP: Pushing the limits of 3D topographic point cloud change detection by error propagation [Data and Source Code]
No full textThe analysis of topographic time series is often based on bitemporal change detection and quantification. For 3D point clouds, acquired using laser scanning or photogrammetry, random and systematic noise has to be separated from the signal of surface change by determining the minimum detectable change. To analyse geomorphic change in point cloud data, the multiscale model-to-model cloud comparison (M3C2) approach is commonly applied, which provides a statistical significance test. This test assumes planar surfaces and a uniform registration error. For natural surfaces, the planarity assumption does not necessarily apply, in which cases the value of minimal detectable change (Level of Detection) is overestimated. To overcome these limitations, we quantify an uncertainty information for each 3D point by propagating the uncertainty of the measurements themselves and of the alignment uncertainty to the 3D points. This allows the calculation of 3D covariance information for the point cloud, which we use in an extended statistical test for equality of multivariate means. Our method, called M3C2-EP, gives a less biased estimate of the
Level of Detection, allowing a more appropriate significance threshold in typical cases. We verify our method in two simulated scenarios, and apply it to a time series of terrestrial laser scans of a rock glacier at two different timespans of three weeks and one year. Over the three-week period, we detect significant change at 12.5% fewer 3D locations, while quantifying additional 25.2% of change volume, when compared to the reference method of M3C2. Compared with manual assessment, M3C2-EP achieves a specificity of 0.97, where M3C2 reaches 0.86 for the one year timespan, while sensitivity drops from 0.72 for M3C2 to 0.60 for M3C2-EP. Lower Levels of Detection enable the analysis of high-frequency monitoring data, where usually less change has occurred between successive scans, and where change is small compared to local roughness. Our method further allows the combination of data from multiple scan positions or data sources with different levels of uncertainty. The combination using error propagation ensures that every dataset is used to its full potential.
---
This dataset includes three point clouds acquired by terrestrial laser scanning in 2017 and 2018, as well as alignment information (ICPout) and the code used for processing the datasets. Unzipping all the folders to the same directory should allow you to run the python script as-is.
Point clouds have been pre-processed using the following workflow:
1) MSA coregistration within every epoch using RiScan Pro v2.7
2) MSA coregistration within across epochs on stable areas using RiScan Pro v2.7
3) ICP coregistration in opalsICP v2.3.1, resulting in the data in ICPout
4) Point cloud filterting using PDAL v2.2.0 ("filters.pmf")
5) Tiling into 100m tiles (5m overlap) using lastile <br/
Auditory cortex activity related to perceptual awareness versus masking of tone sequences [research data]
No full textABSTRACT: Sequences of repeating tones can be masked by other tones of different frequency. When these tone sequences are perceived, nevertheless, a prominent neural response in the auditory cortex is evoked by each tone of the sequence. When the targets are detected based on their isochrony, participants know that they are listening to the target once they detected it. To explore if the neural activity is more closely related to this detection task or to perceptual awareness, this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study used targets that could only be identified with cues provided after or before the masked target. In experiment 1, multiple mono-tone streams with jittered inter-stimulus interval were used, and the tone frequency of the target was indicated by a cue. Results showed no differential auditory cortex activity between hit and miss trials with post-stimulus cues. A late negative response for hit trials was only observed for pre-stimulus cues, suggesting a task-related component. Since experiment 1 provided no evidence for a link of a difference response with tone awareness, experiment 2 was planned to probe if detection of tone streams was linked to a difference response in auditory cortex. Random-tone sequences were presented in the presence of a multi-tone masker, and the sequence was repeated without masker thereafter. Results showed a prominent difference wave for hit compared to miss trials in experiment 2 evoked by targets in the presence of the masker. These results suggest that perceptual awareness of tone streams is linked to neural activity in auditory cortex.
COMMENT: The data set comprises the single-subject source waveforms derived with dipole source analysis. The ascii files were written with BESA (.swf = source waveform file). The matlab code reads in the data for further analysis and to calculate the grand average source waveforms shown in the paper. The .html files represent the output of the statistical analysis of the average amplitudes in the source waveforms (SAS)
Cellular correlates of gray matter volume changes in magnetic resonance morphometry identified by two-photon microscopy [Dataset]
No full textThis dataset accompanies the article of the same title in the journal Scientific Reports. It includes a) spreadsheets of data values for each plot in the main figures, b) all raw image data from Two-Photon in vivo microscopy (2pii) c) Custom code d) representative subsets of segmentation label images, coordinates of reidentified nuclei and corresponding magnetic resonance images from all timepoints of one animal (ID S8)
Improving change analysis from near-continuous 3D time series by considering full temporal information [Data and Source Code]
No full textThis dataset comprises the source code (Python scripts) and data to perform spatiotemporal segmentation in time series of surface change data for a (i) synthetic dataset and (ii) hourly snow cover changes acquired by terrestrial laser scanning.
Further details are given in the corresponding paper:
Extracting accumulation and erosion from near-continuous 3D observation of a natural scene is an important step in many geoscientific analyses. We examine how spatiotemporal segmentation improves the extraction of change volumes from near-continuous 3D time series by using the full temporal information of surface changes. Synthetic changes and manually derived reference changes from an hourly terrestrial laser scanning time series of snow cover monitoring are detected in the temporal domain and delineated accurately (area intersection over union of 0.86 for snow cover changes). The accuracy of change volumes (mean of -25 %; std. dev. of 20 % deviation to the reference) can be improved in the future by refining the detected start and end times in the fully automatic approach. The established pairwise methods only achieve high quantification accuracies if area and timespans of changes are known a-priori. Incorporating the surface change history in change extraction is thereby shown to be essential for change analysis of near-continuous 3D time series as acquired in geographic monitoring settings
Vegetable Oils as Sustainable Inks for Additive Manufacturing: A Comparative Study [Data]
No full textThe use of biobased materials in additive manufacturing is arising as a promising approach to modernize the polymer industry reducing its environmental impact. Herein, novel sustainable formulations are developed for digital light processing (DLP) using five vegetable oils─sunflower, canola, soybean, olive, and sesame oil─as feedstock. These vegetable oils are successfully modified incorporating photopolymerizable groups, i.e., acrylates, enabling printability. The oil-based formulations consisting of a functionalized oil and a photoinitiator are employed as inks for DLP without the need for further additives. The rheology and curing behavior of all the inks and printed materials are carefully investigated. The values obtained for their critical curing energy (Ec) range from 14.52 to 18.49 mJ cm–2, allowing for fast printing. Interestingly, it is found that Ec not only correlates with the average number of acrylate groups per molecule but also the viscosity plays a key role. Additionally, the thermal and mechanical properties are studied and compared. In summary, sunflower and canola oil derivatives offer a better cost-performance ratio than the state-of-the-art soybean oil inks and can be employed for 3D printing of complex geometries with high speed and resolution. This work demonstrates the potential of using biobased and inexpensive materials as high performance inks for DLP 3D printing and opens new possibilities for the next generation of sustainable 3D printing