727 research outputs found
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Value of statistical life year in extreme poverty: a randomized experiment of measurement methods in rural Burkina Faso [Dataset]
No full textBackground: Value of a Statistical Life Year (VSLY) provides an important economic measure of an individual’s trade‑off between health risks and other consumption, and is a widely used policy parameter. Measuring VSLY is complex though, especially in low‑income and low‑literacy communities.
Methods: Using a large randomized experiment (N = 3027), we study methodological aspects of stated‑preference elicitation with payment cards (price lists) in an extreme poverty context. In a 2 × 2 design, we systematically vary whether buying or selling prices are measured, crossed with the range of the payment card.
Results: We find substantial effects of both the pricing method and the list range on elicited VSLY. Estimates of the gross domestic product per capita multiplier for VSLY range from 3.5 to 33.5 depending on the study design. Importantly, all estimates are economically and statistically significantly larger than the current World Health Organization threshold of 3.0 for cost‑effectiveness analyses.
Conclusions: Our results inform design choice in VSLY measurements, and provide insight into the potential variability of these measurements and possibly robustness checks
Early Chinese Periodicals Online (ECPO) [Metadata]
No full textECPO joins several important digital collections of the early Chinese press and puts them into a single overarching framework. In the first phase, several databases on early women’s periodicals and entertainment publishing were created: “Chinese Women’s Magazines in the Late Qing and Early Republican Period” (WoMag), “Chinese Entertainment Newspapers” (Xiaobao), and databases hosted at the Academia Sinica in Taiwan. These systems approach the material in two ways: in the intensive approach we record all articles, images, advertisements, and related agents and assign them to a complete set of scanned pages, while in the extensive approach we record the main characteristic features of publications. ECPO is distinguished from other existing databases of Chinese periodicals in that it not only provides image scans but also preserves materials often excluded in reprint, microfilm, or digital (even full-text) editions, such as advertising inserts and illustrations. In addition, it aims at incorporating metadata in both English and Chinese, including keywords and biographical information on editors, authors and individuals represented in illustrations and advertisements in the journals.
As the material basis of the database consists mostly of image scans, the project has been running experiments on one Republican newspaper to explore approaches toward full-text generation. Computer-aided processing of image scans of historical periodicals is still challenging with the current state of technology, in particular, because processing standards for Latin-script newspapers do not apply to the Chinese context. It is only with new approaches in machine learning that it is now possible to transform material that was previously inaccessible just a few years ago. However, many challenges remain. Extremely complex layouts resulting in difficulties for reliable automatic detection of page segmentation have prevented full-text generation for these newspapers even within China.
The application of artificial intelligence requires a ground truth data set. This error-free, manually corrected text with structural information is used for evaluation and training of software models for text and layout recognition. In the fall of 2021, the project successfully implemented OCR on a newspaper 晶報 Jing bao (The Crystal) sample with a character error rate below 3% (Henke 2021). On that basis, the project is now expanding and generalizing its approach. With additional funding recently received from the Research Council Cultural Dynamics in Globalized Worlds for the first half of 2022, the project is currently producing a new data set. The project’s aim is to offer a solution to automatically produce full text from Republican newspapers using neural networks and machine learning.
The project’s current work will further develop its original aims and contribute to the field of research as a whole. With the disclosure of the project’s network models and data sets, its results can be reproduced and evaluated, and others can adopt its approaches in the field. Although processing non-Latin-script is still a challenge in many cases, the project hopes its work may serve as good practice examples for such initiatives.
The data set provides a first and complete extract of all metadata edited by the project so far. Future versions will also incorporate the fulltext produced in our OCR pipeline.</p
Switchable Zinc (II)-Responsive Globular β-Sheet Peptide [Research Data]
No full textThe natural function of many proteins depends on their ability to switch their conformation driven by environmental changes. In this work, we present a small, monomeric β-sheet peptide that switches between a molten globule and a folded state through Zn(II) binding. The solvent-exposed hydrophobic core on the β-sheet surface was substituted by a His3-site, whereas the internal hydrophobic core was left intact. Zn(II) is specifically recognized by the peptide relative to other divalent metal ions, binds in the lower micromolar range, and can be removed and re-added without denaturation of the peptide. In addition, the peptide is fully pH-switchable, has a pKa of about 6, and survives several cycles of acidification and neutralization. In-depth structural characterization of the switch was achieved by concerted application of circular dichroism (CD) and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Thus, this study represents a viable approach toward a globular β-sheet Zn(II) mini-receptor prototype
Inequality, fairness and social capital [Dataset]
No full textInequality is often associated with negative societal consequences, but identifying a causal relationship is a daunting task. We provide evidence on the impact of unjust economic inequality on social interactions. Using a large-scale controlled experiment, we document that unjust inequality results in a significant decline in trust and trustworthiness. This erosion of social capital is associated with pessimistic beliefs about others’ behavior and is muted if there is no direct link between the income-generating process and social interaction. Finally, our data do not support the view that higher status or wealth affects prosocial attitudes: the successful are always more generous, whereas unsuccessful persons display the least efficient and generous behavior regardless of the status of the person who they interact with
Contorted Heteroannulated Tetraareno[a,d,j,m]coronenes [Data]
No full textCata-condensed heteroannulated tetraarenocoronenes with C2h symmetry have been obtained from three doubly brominated diarenoperylenes. X-ray diffraction showed that the coronenes mostly adopt S-shaped contorted π-planes. The large variety of fused rings in the coronenes′ core allows good control of their photophysical properties and thus their potential use in organic electronics applications
Ground Truth Model for Pracalit for Sanskrit and Newar MSS 16th to 19th C.
No full textGround truth data for a an OCR model. Will be continually updated.
Originally trained on Transkribus with a PyLaia model created from ground truth data based on transcripts into Pracalit Unicode of four Nepalese manuscripts. The manuscripts used to create this model are Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin's Hitopadeśa (MIK I 4851) (mixed Newar and Sanskrit dating to 1561) and Vetālapañcaviṃśati (HS. Or. 6414) (Newar dating to 1675) as well as Cambridge Digital Library's Avalokiteśvaraguṇakāraṇḍavyūha (MS Add. 1322) (Sanskrit, 18th century) and the Royal Asiatic Society Online Collection's Madhyamasvayaṃbhūpurāṇa (RAS Hodgson MS 23) (Newar and Sanskrit dating to c. 1800).
The training was done on 441 pages and validation on 242 pages.
This model does not recognise spacing, except for large gaps (i.e. for pictures or string holes). Newar word divider markers may not be represented or may be transcribed as virama. In general, the model is made for MSS with scriptio continua and will transcribe into scriptio continua into Pracalit Unicode.
Transcription was performed by Dr Alexander O'Neill (SOAS University of London). Transcription of the Vetālapañcaviṃśati (HS. Or. 6414) and Madhyamasvayaṃbhūpurāṇa (RAS Hodgson MS 23) was aided by unpublished materials provided by Dr Felix Otter (Philipps-Universität Marburg), as well as the published transcription in Shakya, Min Bahadur, and Shanta Harsha Bajracharya, eds. "Svayambhū Purāṇa." Lalitpur: Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods, 2001. The transcription of Avalokiteśvaraguṇakāraṇḍavyūha (MS Add. 1322) was aided by the transcription provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project based on Lokesh Chandra, "Guṇakāraṇḍavyūhasūtram," New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1999
Capturing complex star dune dynamics - Repeated highly accurate surveys combining multitemporal 3D topographic measurements and local wind data [Data]
No full textMorphologies of highly complex star dunes are the result of aeolian dynamics in past and present times. These dynamics reflect climatic conditions and associated forces like sediment availability and vegetation cover as well as feedbacks with adjacent environments. However, an understanding of aeolian dynamics on star dune morphometries is still lacking sufficient detail and their influence for formation and evolution remain unclear. We therefore investigate dynamics of a complex star dune (Erg Chebbi, Morocco), by analyzing wind measurements compared to morphometric changes derived from multitemporal high-accuracy 3D observations during two surveys (October 2018 and February 2020). Using Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) measurements and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), the reaction of a star dune surface to an observed constant unimodal sand-moving wind is presented. TLS point clouds are used for morphometric analysis as well as direct surface change analysis, which relates to sand transport. RTK-GNSS measurements enable the assessment of horizontal crest movement. Observed surface changes lead to the identification of an overall shielding effect, resulting in sand accumulation mainly on luv-sided slopes. Our results point to a self-sustained dune growth, which has not yet been described in such spatial detail. Steep slopes, often found on star dunes around the globe, seem to partly hinder up-slope sand transport. Though a comparatively short observation period, we therefore hypothesize that, besides wind intensity alone, slope angles are more decisive for sand transport than previously assumed. Our methodological approach of combining meteorological data and high-resolution multitemporal 3D elevation models can be used for a monitoring of all dunes forms and contributes to a general understanding of dune dynamics and evolution
N-Acenoacenes: Synthesis and Solid-State Properties [Data]
No full textFour N-acenoacenes were synthesized and analyzed for their
optoelectronic properties and solid-state packings. Two of the
regioisomeric acridinoacridines are TIPS-ethynylated, whereas the
other pair are Boc- and triflate substituted derivatives. The two TIPS-
ethynyldiazaacenoacenes were processed into organic thin-film
transistors with saturation hole mobilities reaching 2.9x10-2 cm2(Vs)-1
Datenrepositorium Terenzens verba Graeca [Ergänzungsdaten]
No full textDas Datenrepositorium enthält die Statistiken, Tabellen, Listen, Indizes, Grafiken und Konfigurationsdateien der Clusteranalyse mit R zu Studien der verba Graeca bei Terenz
Typisierung der Handexemplare der Galerie Hugo Helbing und der Protokollkataloge des Kunstsalons Paul Cassirer
No full textDie Tabelle enthält alle im Rahmen des DFG-Gemeinschaftsprojekts Unikales Quellenmaterial zum deutschen Kunsthandel: Digitalisierung und Erschließung der Handexemplare der Kataloge des Münchner Auktionshauses Hugo Helbing (1887 bis 1937) des Zentralinstituts für Kunstgeschichte in München (ZI) und der UB Heidelberg in Kooperation mit der TU Berlin (1. Januar 2021 bis 30. April 2022) digitalisierten und typisierten Handexemplare der Auktions- und Lagerkataloge der Galerie Hugo Helbing und Protokollkataloge des Kunstsalons Paul Cassirer. Sie dokumentiert für jedes Exemplar, welcher Person es innerhalb der Galerie Helbing bzw. des Kunstsalons Paul Cassirer zugordnet werden konnte, welche Arten von Listen und welche Annotationskategorien es enthält