727 research outputs found
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Facile two-step Synthesis of para-Dithienopyrazines [data]
No full textN-Heteropolycyclic compounds are valuable building blocks in organic electronic devices. In this work, a convenient route for the synthesis of para-dithienopyrazines from readily available starting materials is described. A cascade of nucleophilic aromatic substitution and subsequent bidirectional hydrothiolation of alkynes was used as a key step. In total, seven new target compounds were synthesized and investigated regarding their photophysical properties. In solution, these molecules act as blue emitters, which turn to green upon addition of an acid, which demonstrates their potential use as proton sensors.
Data includes: CV, IR, MS, NMR, UV VIS and XRAY Data for the compounds in the manuscrip
Bay-Substituted Octaazaperopyrenedioxides as Solid-State Emitters for Strong Light-Matter Coupling [data]
No full textUnderlying data for all figures in the paper "Bay-Substituted Octaazaperopyrenedioxides as Solid-State Emitters for Strong Light-Matter Coupling." J. Mater. Chem. C 2024, 12, 2745-2755
LLMs4Implicit-Knowledge-Generation Public
No full textCode for equipping pretrained language models (BART, GPT-2, XLNet) with commonsense knowledge for generating implicit knowledge statements between two sentences, by (i) finetuning the models on corpora enriched with implicit information; and by (ii) constraining models with key concepts and commonsense knowledge paths connecting them
Two-dimensional coherent electronic spectrometer with switchable multi-color configurations [research data]
No full textBroadband implementation of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a desirable goal for numerous research groups, yet achieving it presents considerable challenges. An effective strategy to mitigate these challenges is the utilization of two-color approaches, effectively broadening the spectral bandwidth accessible with 2DES. Here, we present a simple approach to include multi-color configurations based on adjustable mirror mounts. This enables seamless toggling between single-color, two-color, and transient 2DES within the same spectroscopic apparatus, which is benchmarked on two common laser dyes, Rhodamine 6G and Nile blue. Upon mixing the dyes, single-color 2DES shows overlapping signals, whereas a high selectivity toward Nile blue responses is maintained in two-color and transient 2DES, owing to the fully resonant excitation that is spectrally shifted relative to the detection window. This method is readily implemented in other setups with similar experimental layouts and can be used as a simple solution to overcome existing bandwidth limitations. With the inclusion of transient 2DES, additional insights into excited-state processes can be gained due to its increased sensitivity toward excited-state coherences
Highly Efficient Photoninitiators Based on 4H-Pyranylidene Derivatives for Two-Photon Laser Printing [data]
No full textA series of four donor–acceptor–donor derivatives bearing 4H-pyranylidene and 4-methylcyclohexan-1-one units as donor and acceptor groups respectively is designed, synthesized, and photophysically characterized. Both experimental and theoretical studies reveal good two-photon absorption (2PA) properties for these systems. Decoration of the exocyclic position of the 4H-pyranylidene moiety with a thiophene ring results in high 2PA cross-section values (σ2PA) ≈700 nm, and remarkably, in the region between 900 and 1000 nm. Furthermore, all chromophores are evaluated as photoinitiators (PIs) for two-photon-laser printing at 780 nm, showing superior performance compared to the commonly used commercially available PI, phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide. Among the studied PIs, the ones equipped with a thiophene unit at the exocyclic position of the 4H-pyranylidene moiety exhibit the highest efficiency, enabling fast printing using low laser powers with even lower concentrations of PI. Overall, this study shows the great potential of this new class of PIs for application in the field of 3D nanoprinting
Knowledge-Enhanced Neural Networks for Machine Reading Comprehension [Source Code and Additional Material]
No full textMachine Reading Comprehension is a language understanding task where a system
is expected to read a given passage of text and typically answer questions
about it.
When humans assess the task of reading comprehension, in addition to the
presented text, they usually use the knowledge that they already know, such as
commonsense and world knowledge, or language skills that they previously
acquired - understanding the events and arguments in a text (who did what to
whom), their participants and the relation in discourse.
In contrast, neural network approaches for machine reading comprehension
focused on training end-to-end systems that rely only on annotated
task-specific data.
In this thesis, we explore approaches for tackling the reading comprehension
problem, motivated by how a human would solve the task, using existing
background and commonsense knowledge or knowledge from various linguistic
tasks.
First, we develop a neural reading comprehension model that integrates
external commonsense knowledge encoded as a key-value memory. Instead of
relying only on document-to-question interaction or discrete features, our
model attends to relevant external knowledge and combines this knowledge with
the context representation before inferring the answer. This allows the model
to attract and imply knowledge from an external knowledge source that is not
explicitly stated in the text but is relevant for inferring the answer. We
demonstrated that the proposed approach improves the performance of very
strong base models for cloze-style reading comprehension and open-book
question answering.
By including knowledge explicitly, our model can also provide evidence about
the background knowledge used in the reasoning process.
Further, we examined the impact of transferring linguistic knowledge from
low-level linguistic tasks into a reading comprehension system using neural
representations. Our experiments show that the knowledge transferred from the
neural representations trained on these linguistic tasks can be adapted and
combined together to improve the reading comprehension task early in training
and when trained with small portions of the data.
Last, we propose to use structured linguistic annotations as a basis for a
Discourse-Aware Semantic Self-Attention encoder that we employ for reading
comprehension of narrative texts. We extract relations between discourse
units, events, and their arguments, as well as co-referring mentions, using
available annotation tools. The empirical evaluation shows that the
investigated structures improve the overall performance (up to +3.4 Rouge-L),
especially intra-sentential and cross-sentential discourse relations,
sentence-internal semantic role relations, and long-distance coreference
relations. We also show that dedicating self-attention heads to
intra-sentential relations and relations connecting neighboring sentences is
beneficial for finding answers to questions in longer contexts. These findings
encourage the use of discourse-semantic annotations to enhance the
generalization capacity of self-attention models for machine reading
comprehension
The Enactment of Public Participation in Rulemaking: A Comparative Analysis [Dataset]
No full textThese are the data for the replication of the statistical analysis in the article "The Enactment of Public Participation in Rulemaking: A Comparative Analysis". The dataset contains time-series (1995-2015) cross-sectional (39 OECD countries) observations, in csv format which was created for the purpose of explaining the adoption of legislations allowing public participation in and judicial review of rulemaking. The corresponding codebook lists the used variables and sources. The replication codes are for Stata
Band Formation at Interfaces Between N-Heteropolycycles and Gold Electrodes [research data]
No full textUnderlying data for figures in the paper "Band Formation at Interfaces Between N-Heteropolycycles and Gold Electrodes
4D Printing of Adaptable “Living” Materials Based on Alkoxyamine Chemistry [data]
No full text4D printing has emerged as a powerful strategy capable of revolutionizing additive manufacturing by enabling objects to dynamically transform over time on demand. Despite significant progress, the full potential remains unrealized, particularly in the utilization of dynamic covalent chemistry. This study introduces a new approach using a multifunctional crosslinker with alkoxyamine functionalities for 4D printing. Digital light processing (DLP) has been employed for high-resolution printing of complex objects. Leveraging alkoxyamine bonds' dynamic and living characteristics, the printed structures can be further modified through nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) using styrene and nitroxide exchange reactions (NER). The resulting "living" printed structures exhibit the unique ability to undergo both "growth" and "degrowth", dynamically adapting their size as well as the reduced Young’s Modulus across a wide range (770 kPa to 1.2 GPa). The chain extension by NMP and softening by NER have been carefully characterized by IR and EPR spectroscopy. The presented approach opens avenues for the development of 4D printed structures with complex adaptive systems, showcasing enormous potential in a wide range of fields
Nicodemus Frischlin, Korrespondenz
No full textDas Ziel des Projektes besteht darin, die gesamte handschriftlich und (in kleinen Teilen) gedruckt überlieferte Korrespondenz des Späthumanisten Nicodemus Frischlin (1547-1590) kritisch zu edieren sowie durch Regesten und Kommentare zu erschließen. Damit wird nicht nur ein zentraler Teil der Produktion eines wichtigen Autors der deutschen Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte zugänglich gemacht; vielmehr werden darüber hinaus zeittypische Konkurrenz- und Ausschließungsmuster im Zusammenprall höfischer, akademischer und genuin ‚humanistischer’ Interessen zur Zeit des Übergangs von ständischer zu frühabsolutistischer Herrschaftsform bzw. im Kontext der beginnenden Legitimationskrise althumanistischer Lebensentwürfe an einem gut dokumentierten, repräsentativen Einzelfall freigelegt.
Die Briefe stammen aus dem Zeitraum von 1568 bis 1590. Da Frischlin keinen Briefnachlass hinterlassen hat, ist er mit 351 Schreiben der häufigste Absender, häufigster Adressat ist mit 77 Schreiben Herzog Ludwig von Württemberg, weitere 56 Schreiben gingen an Vertreter des Stuttgarter Hofs. 71 Schreiben gingen an die Gremien und Mitglieder der Universität Tübingen, 65 an auswärtige Gelehrte. 49 Briefe betreffen auswärtige Autoritäten und 24 Briefe Mitglieder von Frischlins Familie