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Acute activation of hemichannels by ethanol leads to Ca2+ -dependent gliotransmitter release in astrocytes
No full textMultiple studies have demonstrated that acute ethanol consumption alters brain function and cognition. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Astrocyte-mediated gliotransmission is crucial for hippocampal plasticity, and recently, the opening of hemichannels has been found to play a relevant role in this process. Hemichannels are plasma membrane channels composed of six connexins or seven pannexins, respectively, that oligomerize around a central pore. They serve as ionic and molecular exchange conduits between the cytoplasm and extracellular milieu, allowing the release of various paracrine substances, such as ATP, D-serine, and glutamate, and the entry of ions and other substances, such as Ca2+ and glucose. The persistent and exacerbated opening of hemichannels has been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several brain diseases for at least three mechanisms.Versión publicad
Integration of T-cell clonality screening using TRBC-1 in lymphoma suspect samples by flow cytometry
No full textBackground: The diagnosis of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) is challenging. The development of a monoclonal antibody specific for T-cell receptor β constant region 1 (TRBC1) provides an alternative to discriminate clonal T cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of an anti-TRBC1 mAb for the identification of T-NHL.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional diagnostic analytic study of samples tested for lymphoma. All samples sent for lymphoma screening were first evaluated using the standard Euroflow LST, to which a second additional custom-designed T-cell clonality assessment tube was added CD45/TRBC1/CD2/CD7/CD4/TCRγδ/CD3. Flow cytometry reports were compared with morphological and molecular tests.
Results: Fifty-nine patient samples were evaluated. Within the T-cell population, cut-off percentages in the CD4+ cells were from 29.4 to 54.6% and from 23.9 to 52.1% in CD8+ cells. Cut-off ratios in CD4+ T cells were from 0.33 to 1.1, and in CD8+ cells between 0.22 and 1.0. Using predefined normal cut-off values, 18 of 59 (30.5%) samples showed a restricted expression of TRBC1. A final diagnosis of a T-NHL was confirmed clinically and/or by histopathological studies in 15 of the 18 cases (83.3%). There were no cases of T-NHL by morphology/IHC with normal TRBC1 expression. Non-neoplastic patient samples behaved between predefined TRBC1 cut-off values.
Conclusions: Expression of TRBC1 provides a robust method for T-cell clonality assessment, with very high sensitivity and good correlation with complementary methods. TRBC1 can be integrated into routine lymphoma screening strategies via flow cytometry.Versión Aceptad
The Passion for Teaching: Exploring the Determinants of Teacher Work Engagement
No full textDissertation submitted to the Faculty of Psychology of the Universidad del Desarrollo for the academic degree of Doctor in Developmental Sciences and Psychopatholog
Meta-Dynamic: Descubriendo los mecanismos subyacentes a la metacognición
No full textCada decisión que tomamos viene acompañada de una sensación de confianza, ayudándonos a adaptar nuestra conducta a las repercusiones de nuestras decisiones.
La metacognición es la capacidad de reflexionar sobre nuestra propia conducta y cognición. En ese sentido, la sensación de confianza que acompaña nuestras decisiones es un fenómeno metacognitivo.
Existe un esfuerzo conjunto de laboratorios a nivel internacional por cooperar en pos del avance teórico y metodológico en este tema, estableciendo metas y construyendo bases de datos en común
Protocolo de mapeo sistemático de intervenciones quirúrgicas y farmacológicas en el tratamiento de la neuralgia trigeminal
No full textINTRODUCTION Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful neuropathic disorder characterized by sudden electric shock–like pain that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Multiple treatment alternatives are available, including medical and surgical options but establishing the optimal course of action can be challenging. To enhance clinical decision-making for trigeminal neuralgia treatment, it is imperative to organize, describe and map the available systematic reviews and randomized trials. This will help identify the best treatment alternatives supported by evidence and acknowledge potential knowledge gaps where future research is needed.
OBJECTIVE This systematic mapping review aims to provide up-to-date evidence on the different surgical and pharmacological treatment alternatives used for trigeminal neuralgia.
METHODS A search will be systematically conducted on the Epistemonikos database to identify potentially eligible systematic reviews. Additionally, a search will be made in PubMed, CENTRAL, and EBSCO to identify randomized controlled trials assessing pharmacological and surgical treatment interventions for trigeminal neuralgia. Two independent reviewers will screen and select the studies. Data on the different treatment alternatives and reported outcomes in the included studies will be extracted using standardized forms. Following extraction, descriptive statistical methods will be used to analyze the data. The final output of this study will include an evidence map that will illustrate the connections between different treatments and their respective outcomes,
providing a clear depiction of the evidence landscape.
EXPECTED RESULTS This study expects to map, describe and assess the methodological quality of the available systematic reviews and trials on pharmacological interventions and neurosurgical procedures for treating trigeminal neuralgia. It will present the results in an evidence map that organizes the available evidence based on their different interventions and outcomes. This evidence map will serve as a visual tool to assist healthcare professionals and patients to understand evidence-based treatment options and their implications for managing this medical condition.Versión publicad
La discusión bioética en torno al proyecto de ley (boletín no 9.914-11) que modifica el código sanitario para regular los medicamentos bioequivalentes genéricos y evitar la integración vertical de laboratorios y farmacias”
No full textTesis para optar al grado de Magíster Interuniversitario en BioéticaEste trabajo tiene como propósito examinar los aspectos éticos del proyecto de Ley que pretende modificar el Código Sanitario para regular los medicamentos bioequivalentes y/o genéricos, evitando la integración vertical de laboratorios y farmacias. El proyecto de Ley se conoce como de Fármacos II correspondiente al Boletín No 9.914-11, actualmente en discusión en comisión mixta del Senado de la República de Chile.
El primer capítulo presenta el marco conceptual que establece las bases del análisis del proyecto de Ley, incluyendo el propósito de este, la descripción e identificación del problema, la presentación de los objetivos específicos, el establecimiento de una hipótesis y finalmente una revisión de la bibliografía existente.
El segundo capítulo revisa la legislación vigente para medicamentos tanto genéricos como bioequivalentes en dos países de Sudamérica: Argentina y Brasil, como también el marco normativo aplicable en la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos.
El tercer capítulo analiza el contexto regulatorio en relación con este tema en Chile. Se revisa sucintamente la legislación vigente y, posteriormente, se profundiza en el análisis de la propuesta de Ley, enfocándose principalmente en la manera que ésta toma en cuenta a los medicamentos como bienes esenciales, así como en la importancia que tienen las prescripciones bajo la Denominación Común Internacional (DCI).
El capítulo cuarto revisa la literatura académica disponible sobre regulación ética de la industria farmacéutica, con el objetivo de evaluar en qué medida la Ley de Fármacos II toma en cuenta los principios fundamentales de la bioética y el potencial beneficio para la sociedad que genera la aplicación de estos principios a través de esta Ley.
Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones del análisis realizado, entre las que sobresalen las ventajas a favor del paciente que se lograrían en caso de aprobar la Ley de Fármacos II, principalmente debido a los vacíos legales y jurídicos que se identificaron en la actual Ley de Fármacos I en la que, además, lamentablemente aún existen insuficiencias importantes en cuanto a mínimos éticos vinculantes. Asimismo, al aprobarse la Ley de Fármacos II, se podría reducir en gran medida el riesgo de integración vertical de laboratorios y farmacias, cautelando la salud, el bienestar y los intereses de los pacientes
Trabajo interdisciplinar para el desarrollo de habilidades del siglo XXI en tercer año medio técnico profesional de la especialidad de gastronomía
No full textSeminario de Intervención presentado a la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Innovación Curricular y Evaluación Educativa.El presente informe destaca la creciente importancia de desarrollar habilidades del siglo XXI en la educación actual, debido al entorno globalizado y tecnológico en constante evolución. Aunque la educación técnico-profesional ofrece habilidades prácticas para el mundo laboral, se reconoce que el énfasis en habilidades técnicas específicas no es suficiente para preparar a los estudiantes para los desafíos actuales. Por ello, se enfatiza en la relevancia del enfoque interdisciplinario, que integra diferentes áreas del conocimiento y fomenta habilidades como el pensamiento crítico y la colaboración. El estudio propuesto se centra en explorar cómo este enfoque puede enriquecer la formación de estudiantes de gastronomía en un liceo municipal, analizando la integración de asignaturas como Ciencias para la Ciudadanía, Elaboración de Alimentos de Baja Complejidad e Higiene para Elaboración de Alimentos y así para prepararlos de manera más efectiva para el mundo laboral y la sociedad en general
Impact of urban facilities spatial inequality on sustainable travel mode
Get PDFWith the implementation of sustainable development objectives in developing countries, urban planning, land use regulation, and urban mobility policies are expected to help reduce inequalities in access to urban facilities. Urban transport policies are also expected to encourage travel by non-motorised modes and public transport. These are considered to be the sustainable modes of urban transport. In this paper, we investigate how inequality of urban facilities impacts trips made by sustainable modes in the city of Santiago de Chile. We use aPoisson regression model and its geographical extension, the geographically
weighted Poisson regression model (GWPR). The results suggest that the inequality of urban facilities impacts trips made by sustainable modes. The variables with the highest relevance are the spatial distribution of mixed land use, the spatial distribution of urban services related to transport infrastructure, primary and secondary education, as well as the spatial distribution of demographic variables related to people’s life cycle.Versión publicad
Validation of the Chilean version of the Yale food addiction scale 2.0 in a non-clinical sample
Get PDFAims: The aim was to translate and culturally adapt the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) to the Chilean population, evaluate its psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample, and assess the correlations between symptoms count of food addiction (FA) with demographic and anthropometric variables.
Methods and participants: We evaluated 301 participants (59.1% women) with a mean age of 29.7 ± 12.4 years recruited from two universities and two businesses (non-clinical sample). The Chilean YFAS 2.0 was administered, and anthropometric measurements were carried out. The internal consistency of the items was estimated, and factor structure was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability was also examined. The correlations between symptoms count of FA and weight, waist circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), percentage of body fat (BF%), and lean mass were evaluated.
Results: The Chilean YFAS 2.0 presented good internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure, in accordance with the original version. The ICC indicated excellent test-retest reliability. The prevalence of FA was 10.3%, and the symptom count of FA was 2.1 ± 2.8. A small positive correlation between WC, BMI, and BF % and FA symptom count was found.
Conclusion: The Chilean YFAS 2.0 may be a useful tool to investigate FA in Chile. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.Versión publicad
Oscillatory activity underlying cognitive performance in children and adolescents with autism: a systematic review
Get PDFAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that exhibits a widely heterogeneous range of social and cognitive symptoms. This feature has challenged a broad comprehension of this neurodevelopmental disorder and therapeutic efforts to address its difficulties. Current therapeutic strategies have focused primarily on treating behavioral symptoms rather than on brain psychophysiology. During the past years, the emergence of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) has opened alternatives to the design of potential combined treatments focused on the NEurophysiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders like ASD. Such interventions require identifying the key brain mechanisms underlying the symptomatology and cognitive features.
Evidence has shown alterations in oscillatory features of the neural ensembles associated with cognitive functions in ASD. In this line, we elaborated a
systematic revision of the evidence of alterations in brain oscillations that underlie key cognitive processes that have been shown to be affected in ASD
during childhood and adolescence, namely, social cognition, attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. This knowledge could
contribute to developing therapies based on NIBS to improve these processes in populations with ASDVersión publicad