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Pannexin-1 expression in tumor cells correlates with colon cancer progression and survival
Get PDFAims: Pannexin-1 (PANX1) is a hemichannel that releases ATP upon opening, initiating inflammation, cell proliferation, and migration. However, the role of PANX1 channels in colon cancer remains poorly understood, thus constituting the focus of this study.
Main methods: PANX1 mRNA expression was analyzed using multiple cancer databases. PANX1 protein expression and distribution were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on primary tumor tissue and non-tumor colonic mucosa from colon cancer patients. PANX1 inhibitors (probenecid or 10Panx) were used to assess colon cancer cell lines viability. To study the role of PANX1 in vivo, a subcutaneous xenograft model using HCT116 cells was performed in BALB/c NOD/SCID immunodeficient mice to evaluate tumor growth under PANX1 inhibition using probenecid.
Key findings: PANX1 mRNA was upregulated in colon cancer tissue compared to non-tumor colonic mucosa. Elevated PANX1 mRNA expression in tumors correlated with worse disease-free survival. PANX1 protein abundance was increased on tumor cells compared to epithelial cells in paired samples, in a cancer stage-dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that blocking PANX1 reduced cell viability and tumor growth.
Significance: PANX1 can be used as a biomarker of colon cancer progression and blocking PANX1 channel opening could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy against this disease.Aceptad
Study of the Suitability of a Personal Exposure Monitor to Assess Air Quality
Get PDFLow-cost personal exposure monitors (PEMs) to measure personal exposure to air pollution are potentially promising tools for health research. However, their adoption requires robust validation. This study evaluated the performance of twenty-one Plume Lab Flow2s (PLFs) by comparing its air pollutant measurements, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), 10 μm or less (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), against several high-quality air pollution monitors under field conditions (at indoor, outdoor, and roadside locations). Correlation and regression analysis were used to evaluate measurements obtained by different PLFs against reference instrumentation. For all measured pollutants, the overall correlation coefficient between the PLFs and the reference instruments was often weak (r 0.5) with one-hour and 9 PLF units with one-minute time interval. Results show that the PLF cannot be used robustly to determine high and low exposure to poor air. Therefore, the use of PLFs in research studies should be approached with caution if data quality is important to the research outputs.Versión publicad
Cx40 Levels Regulate Hypoxia-Induced Changes in the Migration, Proliferation, and Formation of Gap Junction Plaques in an Extravillous Trophoblast Cell Model
Get PDFBackground: Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) form stratified columns at the placenta–uterus interface. In the closest part to fetal structures, EVTs have a proliferative phenotype, whereas in the closest part to maternal structures, they present a migratory phenotype. During the placentation process, Connexin 40 (Cx40) participates in both the proliferation and migration of EVTs, which occurs under hypoxia. However, a possible interaction between hypoxia and Cx40 has not yet been established. Methods: We developed two cellular models, one with “low Cx40” (Jeg-3), which reflected the expression of this protein found in migratory EVTs, and one with “high Cx40” (Jeg-3/hCx40), which reflected the expression of this protein in proliferative cells. We analyzed the migration and proliferation of these cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Jeg-3 cells under hypoxia increased their migratory capacity over their proliferative capacity. However, in Jeg-3/hCx40, the opposite effect was induced. On the other hand, hypoxia promoted gap junction (GJ) plaque formation between neighboring Jeg-3 cells. Similarly, the activation of a nitro oxide (NO)/cGMP/PKG-dependent pathway induced an increase in GJ-plaque formation in Jeg-3 cells. Conclusions: The expression patterns of Cx40 play a crucial role in shaping the responses of EVTs to hypoxia, thereby influencing their migratory or proliferative phenotype. Simultaneously, hypoxia triggers an increase in Cx40 gap junction (GJ) plaque formation through a pathway dependent on NOVersión publicad
Deep‐frying impact on food and oil chemical composition: Strategies to reduce oil absorption in the final product
Get PDFDuring frying, oils can deteriorate due to autoxidation and hydrolytic alterations, processes influenced by the oil's fatty acid composition (FAC) and antioxidant content. However, there are different techniques to improve fried food quality and reduce oil absorption. This review aims to assess existing literature on the interactions between frying methods, oil selection, and the chemical composition of foods. To achieve this goal, the article examines the impact of oil FAC, antioxidants, pretreatments, and alternative frying technologies. A literature search was conducted from 2016 to 2023. The keywords used were (AND/OR) frying, fried foods, oil, oil absorption, and fatty acids. Oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, such as olive oil, are recommended for their nutritional benefits and improved oil stability. The water content and structure of the food also play a significant role in oil absorption. Pretreatments to diminish food moisture content contribute to a lower oil absorption in the fried food while mitigating excessive accumulation of lipid oxidation products. Proper selection of frying oils, incorporation of antioxidants, and the use of pretreatments could help prevent chemical changes and minimize oil absorption during frying. These measures contribute to maintaining the nutritional quality and safety of fried foods while also enhancing their overall sensory appeal.Versión Aceptad
Chilenos sin PGU: ¿Cómo les afecta a los pensionados y montepiadas de las Fuerzas Armadas el no poder acceder al beneficio económico entregado por el Estado de Chile?
No full textTesis presentada a la Facultad de Gobierno de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Políticas PúblicasEl propósito de esta investigación es explorar la exclusión de los pensionados de retiro o montepío de las Fuerzas Armadas de Chile mayores de 65 años de la Pensión Garantizada Universal (PGU) desde su implementación en 2022 hasta 2024. El estudio busca analizar cómo la inclusión en la PGU podría mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pensionados.
El marco teórico se estructura en tres secciones principales. Primero, se analiza el sistema de Seguridad Social y el Sistema de Pensiones en Chile, con énfasis en la Pensión Solidaria y la PGU. Segundo, se revisa el origen y desarrollo de las pensiones de las Fuerzas Armadas en Chile, considerando información específica de los beneficiarios de la Caja de Previsión de la Defensa Nacional (CAPREDENA), su distribución geográfica, afiliación a sistemas de salud y situación económica, particularmente aquellos que al año 2024 tengan pensiones iguales o inferiores a $1.158.355, quienes serían potenciales beneficiarios de la PGU. El tercer segmento evalúa la situación de los adultos mayores en Chile, utilizando diversas definiciones y herramientas de medición de calidad de vida.
Metodológicamente, el estudio adopta un enfoque cualitativo, no experimental y transversal de carácter exploratorio. Se realizaron ocho entrevistas con preguntas semiestructuradas y se combinó con el instrumento SEIQol-DW, para comprender la percepción de calidad de vida de los entrevistados y su relación con la posible incorporación a la PGU.
La investigación aspira a ser un recurso para que los tomadores de decisiones puedan considerar la inclusión de este grupo de pensionados en la PGU, proporcionando evidencia clave para futuras decisiones políticas
Fomento del pensamiento creativo mediante la evaluación auténtica y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos, problemas y retos, en docentes de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria
No full textSeminario de Intervención presentado a la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Innovación Curricular y Evaluación EducativaEl estudio se enmarca en la investigación acción y explora el desarrollo de la creatividad en dos profesoras de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria en un centro educacional. Del diagnóstico se extrae que las docentes no tienen claridad sobre qué es la creatividad, cómo se desarrolla ni si es válido evaluarla, por lo que esta suele quedar fuera del trabajo en las asignaturas. Con esto se evidencia la importancia de fomentar la creatividad en el ámbito educativo mediante la evaluación auténtica y el Aprendizaje basado en proyectos, problemas y retos. Para lo anterior, se implementó un proyecto de innovación para capacitar a docentes en la comprensión de la creatividad y los principios de evaluación auténtica, proponiendo doce criterios de evaluación para diferentes etapas del proceso creativo. Aunque las docentes completaron la capacitación, la implementación extendida solicitada por la institución fue poco exitosa debido a la falta de participación y a los desafíos diarios de la profesión. Para futuras versiones se sugiere proteger horarios remunerados para la capacitación, habilitar espacios para proyectos interdisciplinarios y mejorar las medidas de supervisión. Se destaca que tanto estudiantes como docentes pueden desarrollar su pensamiento creativo, lo que sugiere la necesidad de evaluar el impacto en la creatividad de los profesores. En resumen, la creatividad es una habilidad fundamental que debe ser cultivada en todos los estudiantes, y es responsabilidad de la escuela garantizar su desarrollo en un futuro incierto
Percepciones de los (padres) apoderados evangélicos
Get PDFTesis presentada a la Facultad de Gobierno de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Políticas PúblicasEl presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objeto de estudio, comprender las percepciones que tienen los padres (apoderados) evangélicos, respecto a la “libertad de enseñanza” consagrada en la Constitución vigente y sus anhelos respecto a una futura política pública en educación. Con la misma finalidad, se intentará conocer esas percepciones evangélicas en las propuestas de libertad de enseñanza presentes en los 2 procesos constitucionales rechazados (2022-2023). Esas percepciones, que pueden ser objetivas o subjetivas, han vuelto a cobrar relevancia en la discusión pública debido a los procesos de cambio constitucional que se desarrollaron en el país estos últimos años. Lo anterior, dado que el tema educacional, es uno de los ejes centrales del debate que originó el proceso ( BBC News, 2019).
La demanda por una mejor educación y la movilidad social ocupó el 5 lugar en las peticiones sociales que originaron el proceso constituyente. Tuvo su origen en 2006 con la revolución pingüina, con los estudiantes secundarios. En 2011, el movimiento estudiantil regresó con fuerza, marcando la actualidad durante varios meses y presionando al gobierno (el primero de Sebastián Piñera) Los años siguientes se logró la gratuidad en la educación
superior para el 60% de la población chilena; sin embargo, a juicio de los expertos, quedan muchos desafíos en esta materia
Chimera states and information transfer in interacting populations of map-based neurons
Get PDFWe investigate the synchronization behavior and the emergence of chimera states in a system of two interacting populations of maps possessing chaotic neural-like dynamics. We characterize four collective states on the space of coupling parameters of the system: complete synchronization, generalized synchronization, chimera states, and incoherence. We quantify the information exchange between the two neuron populations in chimera states. We have found a well-defined
direction of the flow of information in chimera states, from the desynchronized population to the synchronized one. The incoherent population functions as a driver of the coherent neuron population in a chimera state. This feature is independent of the population sizes or population partitions. Our results yield insight into the communication mechanisms arising in brain processes such as unihemispheric sleep and epileptic seizures that have been associated to chimera states.Versión publicad
On a generalization of the Opial inequality
Get PDFInequalities are essential in pure and applied mathematics. In particular, Opial’s inequality and its generalizations have been playing an important role in the study of the existence and uniqueness of initial and boundary value problems. In this work, some new Opial-type inequalities are given and applied to generalized Riemann-Liouville-type integral operators.Versión publicad
Human-animal mutualism in regenerative entrepreneurship
No full textIn this paper, we explore the micro-interactions through which a regenerative enterprise engages with proximate natural ecosystems in its attempt to repair and protect them.
Through an ethnographic study of a regenerative farming enterprise in rural Southern Patagonia - Fundo Panguilemu - we discover a reciprocal relationship between the enterprise and animals, central to their regenerative efforts. This relationship is formed and actively maintained by the founders through three practices - joint rewilding, ambivalent relationality, and task interdependence. We leverage nature relatedness to conceptualize the relationship between these practices as human-animal mutualism in regenerative work. We advance regenerative entrepreneurship research by revealing novel human-nature
interactions formed and fostered by a rural enterprise in the pursuit of local regeneration and expand our understanding of micro-level phenomena in rural entrepreneurshipVersión aceptad