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The allocation of fraud risks in bank checking account contracts and their related contracts under chilean law
Get PDFEl presente trabajo propone una teoría general sobre la distribución de los riesgos del fraude en los contratos de cuenta corriente bancaria bajo la legislación
chilena, que permita determinar cuándo el riesgo debe ser asumido por el banco y cuándo por el cuentacorrentista.Versión publicad
Youth and Social Outburst in Chile: Collective and Territorial Identities in Dispute*
Get PDFThis article aims to characterize collective and territorial identity disputes among young participants in
the 2019 Social Outburst in Chile. It highlights the crisis of representativeness that the country has been
experiencing for years and focuses on the youth subject as a protagonist of social movements. A mixed
methodology was designed, which resulted in an online questionnaire applied to a sample of 41 young people and
students between 15 and 24 years old, residents of communities in the Metropolitan Region. It is concluded that
distrust towards political institutions persists. Still, new collective-territorial identities emerge through the
resignification of public spaces, various mass demonstrations, and a militant symbology.Versión publicad
Early Treatment of Class III Dentofacial Anomalies with Skeletal Anchorage Protocol and Orthopedic Maxillary Expansion-Report of 4 Clinical Cases
Get PDFThe resolution of dentofacial anomalies requires interdisciplinary work, ideally from an early age and with interceptive objectives. There are various surgical
and non-surgical orthopaedic techniques described for the timely treatment of maxillomandibular dysmorphisms. Among the surgical alternatives, the use
of mini plates and skeletal traction screws has allowed great progress in timely treatment of patients with skeletal class III dentofacial anomalies.
The purpose of this work is to present the results of 4 pre-adolescent patients with a diagnosis of transverse maxillary compression and skeletal class III
where the De Clerck technique with MARPE (Minescrew Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion) therapy was performed; clinically and imaging quantifying the
resolution of the pre-existing dentofacial anomalyVersión publicad
Recommendations for the prevention of influenza
Get PDFIntroducción: La influenza es una infección viral respiratoria de interés para salud pública por su impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad de población de riesgo, sumado a su potencial pandémico. El año 2024 la influenza causó aún más interés debido a casos graves reportados a nivel nacional. Objetivo: Describir las estrategias internacionales para el diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de la influenza, contrastar los resultados con la realidad nacional y realizar una recomendación en base a la evidencia encontrada. Metodología: Se utilizaron artículos de literatura indexada (PubMed, SciElo, ILACS). Se utilizaron términos clave MeSh en cada tópico con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: “Meta-Analysis”, “Review”, “Systematic Review”, “5 years”, “Humans”, “English”, “Spanish”. Resultado: Dentro de la prevención primaria, la vacunación es la estrategia principal. Debido a su alta variabilidad antigénica, es necesario monitorizar las cepas circulantes para actualizar las vacunas. Se ha identificado que algunos tipos de vacunas son más beneficiosas en pacientes que se requiere mejorar la respuesta inmunogénica. Para mejorar los resultados en el diagnóstico se recomienda realizar pruebas específicas. Dentro del tratamiento, los medicamentos más comunes son los inhibidores de la neuraminidasa, la administración dentro de 48 horas iniciado el cuadro disminuye la sintomatología y la probabilidad de desarrollar
complicaciones. Discusión y Conclusión: La recomendación es ir paulatinamente agregando estrategias que han demostrado ser beneficiosas. Se necesitará un estudio costo efectivo para determinar cuál de ellas se debe priorizar. Dentro de las recomendaciones se encuentran: a) Estrategias de adherencia a la vacunación: Recordatorio mediante mensajes; b) Vacunación: Evaluar la incorporación de una vacuna tetravalente o trivalente dosis alta en población adulta mayor, diagnóstico a través de RT-PCR, y cobertura de antivirales.
Introduction: Influenza is a respiratory viral infection of public health concern because of its impact on morbidity and mortality in at-risk populations, in addition to its pandemic potential. In 2024, influenza caused even more interest due to severe cases reported nationwide. Objective: Describe international strategies for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of influenza, contrast the results with the national reality and make a recommendation based on the evidence found. Metodology: Articles from indexed literature (PubMed, SciElo, ILACS) were used. MeSh key terms were used in each topic with the following inclusion criteria: “Meta-Analysis”, “Review”, “Systematic Review”, “5 years”, “Humans”, “English”, “Spanish”. Results: Within primary prevention, vaccination is the main strategy. Due to its high antigenic variability, it is necessary to monitor circulating strains in order to update vaccines. It has been identified that some types of vaccines are more beneficial in patients who need to
improve the immunogenic response. To improve diagnostic results, specific tests are recommended. Within the treatment, the most common drugs are neuraminidase inhibitors, administration within 48 hours of onset reduces symptoms and the likelihood of developing complications. Discussion and Conclusion: The recommendation is to gradually add strategies that have proven to be beneficial. A cost-effective study will be needed to determine which of them should be prioritized. Among the recommendations are: a) Among the strategies for adherence to vaccination: Reminder through messages; b) Vaccination: Evaluate the incorporation of a tetravalent or trivalent high-dose vaccine in older adult population, diagnosis through RT-PCR, antiviral coverage
Nuevos horizontes del manejo nutricional clínico en hipotiroidismo
Get PDFEl hipotiroidismo es una enfermedad endocrina frecuente en la población, que deriva de una disminución de la función de la glándula tiroides y afecta la producción de hormonas tiroideas. Esta patología tiene diversas implicancias para la salud, y su gestión clínica va más allá del tratamiento farmacológico convencional. La nutrición está fuertemente relacionada con la función de la glándula tiroides, sin embargo, no se han propuesto recomendaciones nutricionales sustentadas en la evidencia científica actual. La presente revisión aborda en primera instancia la patogenia del hipotiroidismo, seguido de un abordaje actualizado de nutrientes y alimentos asociados a la función tiroidea.Versión publicad
Determinants of tobacco use transitions in smoker nursing students in Catalonia: A prospective longitudinal study
Get PDFIntroduction: The use of emerging tobacco and nicotine products affects tobacco use behaviors among college students. Thus, we aimed to examine transitions in tobacco use patterns and identify their predictors among smokers in a cohort of nursing students in Catalonia (Spain).
Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of Catalan nursing students between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. We examined transitions in tobacco use patterns between baseline and follow-up among smokers from: 1) daily to non-daily smoking, 2) non-daily to daily smoking, 3) cigarette-only use to poly-tobacco use, 4) poly-tobacco use to cigarette-only use, 5) between products, 6) reducing consumption by ≥5 cigarettes per day (CPD); and 7) quitting smoking. We applied a Generalized Linear Model with a log link (Poisson regression) and robust variance to identify predictors of reducing cigarette consumption by ≥5 CPD and quitting smoking, obtaining both crude and adjusted (APR) prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Among daily smokers at baseline, 12.1% transitioned to non-daily smoking at follow-up, while 36.2% of non-daily smokers shifted to daily smoking. Among cigarette-only users, 14.2% transitioned to poly-tobacco use, while 48.4% of poly-tobacco users switched to exclusive cigarette use. Among all smokers (daily and non-daily smokers), 60.8% reduced their cigarette consumption by ≥5 CPD and 28.3% quit smoking. Being a non-daily smoker (APR=0.33; 95% CI 0.19-0.55) and having lower nicotine dependence (APR=0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.96) were inversely associated with reducing cigarette consumption, while being a non-daily smoker (APR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31) was directly associated with quitting smoking.
Conclusions: Nursing students who smoked experienced diverse transitions in tobacco use patterns over time. Evidence-based tobacco use preventive and cessation interventions are needed to tackle tobacco use among future nurses.Versión Publicad
Estudio exploratorio acerca de la efectividad de la implementación de los programas de integración escolar
Get PDFTesina presentada a la Facultad de Gobierno de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Políticas Públicas.La inclusión en educación resulta ser un factor clave en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes, ésta sin duda busca asegurar que todos los niños, niñas y
jóvenes con necesidades educativas, puedan acceder a una educación equitativa y de calidad. En la actualidad, existen los Programas de Integración Escolar, los que cumplen un rol fundamental de la inserción escolar de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales en escuelas regulares, facilitando su participación en estos espacios educativos
Challenges in developing wildfire understanding from wildfire information through spatial planning processes
Get PDFThis paper aims to explore the elements that condition and limit spatial planning processes for developing wildfire understanding from wildfire information. The central argument of this paper is that spatial planning’s ability to develop wildfire understanding from new evidence and experience is critical for improving spatial planning systems to better integrate wildfire considerations to promote settlements’ resilience to wildfires. The research involved using an inductive qualitative research approach for two case studies: Victoria (Australia) and Chile’s spatial planning processes for developing wildfire understanding from wildfire information. Based on the analysis of the case studies and cross-case synthesis, key elements that challenge planning processes were identified, and herein, they are discussed in terms of four general categories of the process of knowledge development: (a) identification; (b) ‘co-generation’; (c) reframing; and (d) implementation. The study identifies that the Victorian and Chilean spatial planning systems often fail to give spatial planning meaning to new and dynamic wildfire information due to key elements that constrain the processes of knowledge development. This implies that new wildfire information often does not translate into improvements in the planning system, which in turn entails missing the opportunity to promote settlements’ resilience to wildfires.Versión publicad
Evaluación de la Escala de Emociones Docentes en Chile: ¿Está relacionada con el bienestar docente?
Get PDFTeachers’ emotions connect significantly to well-being, classroom practices and student relationships, addressing a gap in research primarily focused on English-speaking contexts. This study aims to bridge this gap by validating a Spanish version of the Teacher Emotions Scale (TES) among Chilean educators and investigating its relationship with well-being. The study employed an online questionnaire encompassing demographic details, TES assessments and well-being evaluations. TES adopts a discrete emotion approach, distinguishing nuanced differences between Enjoyment, Anger and Anxiety. Well-being was gauged through both Psychological well-being and Burnout scales. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) involving 2,689 participants affirmed the internal validity of TES, favoring a three-factor model (Enjoyment, Anger, Anxiety). TES factors consistently exhibited statistical significance, with specific factors predicting distinct well-being aspects. This pioneering study introduces a robust quantitative measure for understanding teachers’ emotional experiences in Spanish-speaking educational contexts, contributing valuable insights into the interplay between emotions, well-being and effective teaching practices.Versión publicad
evidence from marine-based energy projects
Get PDFAny decrease in global warming and its effects can only occur with a substantial reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this context, renewable energy sources, particularly emerging sources, may play a central role in accelerating the transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources. Emerging energy sources are renewable and have the potential to reduce global warming emissions; however, they are in the early development stages. These technologies include enhanced geothermal processes, artificial photosynthesis, and marine energy. In this study, we assess the main attributes that determine the social acceptance of renewable marine energy projects, highlighting individual preferences and heterogeneity for these projects. The results show that energy generation, ecological impact, job creation, co-ownership, and distributional justice are statistically significant attributes that support projects. However, individual preferences are highly heterogeneous. The existence of distinct classes (two in this case) with different preferences for marine energy attributes indicates that the one-size-fits-all approach may be inappropriate. Instead, policymakers and energy producers should tailor their proposals to meet the needs of both groups, considering their preferences and concerns.Versión publicad