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Role of midwifery in pelvic health: the relevance of urogynecological examination in primary health care
Get PDFLa salud pélvica de la mujer ha constituido un aspecto fundamental dentro de la atención primaria en salud. Sin embargo, en ocasiones los profesionales de la salud pueden detectar síntomas como pérdidas de orina, sensación de pesadez, dolor o molestias, que pasan a ser erróneamente atribuidos al envejecimiento o bien, ser subdiagnosticados. En este contexto, el examen uroginecológico constituye una herramienta clave ya que, mediante una anamnesis detallada y la exploración física que incluya la maniobra de Valsalva, inspección perineal y valoración del tono muscular permite detectar precozmente una incontinencia urinaria, incontinencia fecal y/o prolapsos de órganos pélvicos. Por ende, su incorporación en la práctica clínica de los profesionales de matronería, con enfoque integral, favorece la prevención, tratamiento oportuno y empoderamiento de la mujer, contribuyendo a mejorar su calidad de vida.
Women's pelvic health has been a fundamental aspect of primary health care. However, healthcare professionals may occasionally detect symptoms such as urinary leakage, a feeling of heaviness, pain, or discomfort, which are mistakenly attributed to aging or underdiagnosed. In this context, the urogynecological examination is a key tool. Through a detailed history and physical examination that includes the Valsalva maneuver, perineal inspection, and assessment of muscle tone, it allows for the early detection of urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and/or pelvic organ prolapse. Therefore, its incorporation into the clinical practice of midwifery professionals, with an interdisciplinary approach, promotes prevention, timely treatment, and empowerment of women, contributing to
improving their quality of life
Epidemiological update: mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage during the period 2016 to 2023 in chile
Get PDFIntroducción: La hemorragia subaracnoidea es una emergencia neurológica caracterizada por la extravasación de sangre en el espacio subaracnoideo, a menudo causado por la ruptura de un aneurisma cerebral o un traumatismo craneoencefálico. Su incidencia global varía entre 2-8 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes al año. En Chile, aunque existen datos limitados, la prevalencia parece situarse dentro de ese rango, con un aumento notable en adultos jóvenes y de mediana edad. Objetivo: Describir la tasa de mortalidad por Hemorragia Subaracnoidea entre 2016 y 2023 en Chile, determinando el sexo, grupo etario y región con mayor mortalidad. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de tipo transversal. Se utilizaron datos de mortalidad con causa básica de muerte hemorragia subaracnoidea (CIE-10: I60), y proyección de población en base al Censo 2024, realizando análisis estadísticos. Resultado: Se registraron 3.882 casos de defunción por hemorragia subaracnoidea. Las mujeres fallecen más frecuentemente que los hombres y el grupo etario de más de 80 años en ambos sexos
reporta más defunciones en todo el periodo. Discusión: La epidemiología nacional coincide con la internacional, existe un aumento en la mortalidad por hemorragia subaracnoidea con la edad y es más frecuente en mujeres. Conclusión: La tasa de mortalidad por hemorragia subaracnoidea aumentó en los años de análisis, pudiendo explicarse por mayores comorbilidades en edades más avanzadas. Es necesario avanzar en una atención oportuna y especializada, para mejorar los indicadores de mortalidad, reducir secuelas y optimizar el pronóstico clínico de los pacientes.
Introduction: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a neurological emergency characterized by the extravasation of blood into the subarachnoid space, often caused by the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm or a traumatic brain injury. Its global incidence ranges from 2 to 8 cases per-100.000 inhabitants per year. In Chile, although data are limited, prevalence appears to fall within this range, with a notable increase among young and middle-aged adults. Objective: To describe the mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2016 and 2023 in Chile, identifying the sex, age group, and region with the highest mortality. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Mortality data with subarachnoid hemorrhage (ICD-10: I60) as the underlying cause of death were used, along with population projections based on the 2024 Census. Statistical analyses were conducted. Result: A total of 3.882 deaths due to subarachnoid hemorrhage were recorded. Women died more frequently than men, and the age group over 80 years old reported the highest number of deaths in both sexes throughout the study period. Discussion: National epidemiology aligns with international trends; there is an increase in subarachnoid hemorrhage -related mortality with advancing age, and it is more common in women. Conclusion: The mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage increased over the years analyzed, which may be explained by a higher burden of comorbidities in older populations. It is essential to improve timely and specialized care to enhance mortality indicators, reduce long-term sequelae, and optimize clinical outcomes for patients
Carolina Obregón: Resilience Trajectory Through Biodesign
Get PDFBiodesign is gaining traction as a groundbreaking field that merges biology and design to create sustainable and innovative solutions. Carolina Obregón, a leading figure in biodesign, has been pivotal in integrating these concepts into fashion and academia. Her work showcases the power of interdisciplinary collaboration and the potential for biodesign to scale within organizations. This article delves into carolina’s journey, the challenges of scaling biodesign, and her vision for the futur
Breaking the cycle of stigma: towards a more understanding society with mental disorders
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Perceived barriers to reaching equity in effective access to diagnosis and treatment for women with breast cancer in Chile
Get PDFGlobally, it has been reported inequities in breast cancer effective access to health care. The objective of this study was to explore perceived inequities in access to effective diagnosis and treatment in women with breast cancer according to Tanahashi model and social determinants of health model. An exploratory case study, under a qualitative paradigm, was conducted. Theoretical sampling guided the selection of diverse participant profiles, comprising breast cancer patients, healthcare professionals and a civil society leader. The strategies for the recruitment process included social networks, civil society organizations, health professionals, and the snowball technique. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were transcribed, anonymized, and coded using ATLAS.Ti for deductive thematic analysis. Barriers to effective healthcare access were identified in all components of Tanahashi model. Accessibility and acceptability were the components with most perceived barriers. From the determinants of health model, a woman from the public health system, with low income, under 30 or over 40, and residing in a different region from the metropolitan region faces more barriers to access to an effective healthcare. The main barriers were for the high centralisation of healthcare in Chile, not integrated health system network, misinformation to the patient, and non-humanized healthcare. The results of this study offer a comprehensive exploration of perceived barriers to effective breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Chile, using a qualitative approach incorporating diverse perspectives. Findings underscore significant systemic challenges across Tanahashi’s model components, impacting the overall care experience. The study reveals structural inequities hindering healthcare access, reflecting global patterns in fragmented health systems.Versión publicad
Métodos de co-diseño aplicados a programas de salud músculo esquelética: Revisión de alcance
No full textActividad de Grado presentada a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Terapia Física y Rehabilitación(MAKI)Objetivo. Recopilar, analizar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre los métodos de co-diseño aplicados en programas de atención musculoesquelética.
Métodos. Una revisión de alcance siguiendo los lineamientos del Joanna Briggs Institute a través de PubMed, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source y Web of Science.
Resultados. Se examinaron 9297 referencias y se seleccionaron tres estudios finales: Miller (2016), Hansen (2018) y Ahern (2022), todos publicados en países desarrollados a partir de 2016.
La mayoría de los estudios se centraron en la fase de entendimiento del modelo de Bate, solo uno abordó la fase de mejora, mostrando el potencial del co-diseño para la adaptación contextual de un programa para dolor lumbar. También se detectó falta de continuidad en la participación de los pacientes y nula inclusión de tomadores de decisión en salud pública.
Conclusiones. El co-diseño permite involucrar a pacientes y profesionales en el desarrollo de programas de salud musculoesquelética, y pese que aún enfrenta limitaciones de continuidad, representatividad y escalabilidad, hay progresos notables en la comprensión de necesidades específicas de los usuarios y en la adaptación de las intervenciones. Fomentar una participación sostenida basado en marcos integrales, como los de Bate y Boyd, se perfila como una estrategia prometedora para ofrecer soluciones más eficaces en contextos complejos de salud musculoesquelética
Cu-paper: Research, Design, and Science to Transform Local Resources into Global Innovation
Get PDFThe materials research team of the school of design at Universidad del Desarrollo (Diseño UDD) presents the cu paper project, an antimicrobial paper based on two key natural resources of the country: copper and cellulose. This research began in 2013 and involved several key components: laboratory proofs of concept, the generation of copper microparticles, and their application in industrial processes in collaboration with forestal y papelera Concepción s.a. (fpc). Additionally, the study has validated these microparticles’ antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effectiveness against sars-cov-2. It thus becomes a technology that limits fomite transmission, expanding the properties of paper and offering the possibility of being applied in areas where paper is the main component. It opens possible future applications in construction, health, packaging, filters, sensors, and fashion. in addition, the project was integrated into the academic training of design students through workshops to develop innovative applications of antimicrobial paper, including the exhibition at the salone satellite in Milan in 2023. This research led to the university's first national and international patent, demonstrating Chile and UDD's commitment to advancing material development
Top ten research priorities in global burns care: findings from the James Lind Alliance Global Burns Research Priority Setting Partnership
Get PDFFlores, Orlando; Gabriel, Vincent; Dhruv Ghosh; Gondwe, Jotham; Harada, Teruichi; Jagnoor, Jagnoor; Ranjan Keshri, Vikash; Luo, Goaxing; Mc Kittrick, Andrea; Meyers, Natalie; Pargal, Pinki; Parrish, Carisa; Pelchat, Marie-Claude; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Sanyang, Edrisa; Suroy, Atul; Taibi, Khaled; Ait Abderrahim, Leila; Molina Vana, Luiz Philipe; Wang, Katie; Zia, Nukhba; Blazeby, Jane; Young, Amber.Versión Publicad
Epidemiological analysis of mortality due to myocardial ischemia in Chile between 2000 and 2021
Get PDFIntroducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares en Chile son la principal causa de muerte, siendo la isquemia miocárdica la más frecuente, llegando a ser la principal causa de fallecimiento en hombres, y la segunda en
mujeres. Metodología: Estudio observacional longitudinal, descriptivo del tipo ecológico. Se utilizaron datos obtenidos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Las variables
estudiadas fueron años, sexo, grupos de edad y mortalidad. Resultados: Entre 2000 y 2021, Chile reportó 175.973 defunciones por isquemia miocárdica. La tasa más alta de mortalidad fue en 2002 y la más baja en 2020
con 51,7 y 41 defunciones por cada 100.000 habitantes, respectivamente. A pesar del incremento en el número total de defunciones acumuladas en el país, la mortalidad por isquemia miocárdica disminuyó en 4,6 por cada
100.000 habitantes en el periodo de análisis. El grupo de edad con mayor tasa de defunción son los mayores de 65 años en ambos sexos. Discusión: La disminución de la mortalidad por isquemia miocárdica podría estar
asociada con la incidencia de factores de riesgo modificables, como el tabaquismo y el consumo de alcohol, y con mejoras en el manejo intrahospitalario, protocolos de diagnósticos y una mayor efectividad de tratamientos.
Conclusión: Las tasas de defunción por sexo y grupos de edad coinciden con la evidencia internacional. La mortalidad por isquemia miocárdica en Chile aumenta con la edad y afecta con mayor frecuencia a los hombres
que a las mujeres. Es imperante aumentar la disponibilidad de datos en salud, esto aumentaría la capacidad de investigación y el realizar comparaciones más amplias.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Chile, with myocardial ischemia being the most frequent. It is the primary cause of death in men and the second leading cause in women. Methodology:
This is a longitudinal, descriptive, observational study of an ecological type. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Statistics. The variables studied included years, sex, age groups, and mortality. Results: Between 2000 and 2021, Chile reported 175,973 deaths due to myocardial ischemia. The highest mortality rate was recorded in 2002, while the lowest was in 2020, with 51,7 and 41 deaths per-100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Despite an increase in the total number of accumulated deaths in the country, myocardial ischemia mortality decreased by 4.6 per-100,000 inhabitants during the analysis period. The age group with the highest mortality rate was individuals over 65 years of age in both sexes. Discussion: The decline in myocardial ischemia mortality could be associated with changes in the incidence of modifiable risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as improvements in in-hospital management, diagnostic protocols, and more effective treatments. Conclusion: Mortality rates by sex and age group align with international evidence. Myocardial ischemia mortality in Chile increases with age and more frequently affects men than women. It is crucial to enhance the availability of health data, as this would improve research capabilities and allow for broader comparison
Infectious diseases prevention and vaccination in migrants in Latin America: The challenges of transit through the treacherous Darien gap, Panama
Get PDFCarlos Espinal, Jose Brea, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Virgilio Gaston Lezcano, Marielys Otero-Maldonado, Rene Echevarría-Cofiño, Baruch Diaz, Pasesa Pascuala Quispe-Torrez, Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami, Maria L. Avila-Aguero, Roberto Debbag, Maria Eugenia Guevara, Yenddy Carrero, Carlos N. Torres-Martinez, Francisco Javier Membrillo, Jose A. SuarezHuman migration is a dynamic, multifaceted and complex phenomenon shaped by economic, political, social, climatic and environmental factors [1–4]. Migration refers to the relocation of individuals from their habitual residence to a new location, while travel involves journeying between destinations for various purposes [5]. In recent years, migration trends have been shaped by globalisation, technological advancements, climate change, armed conflicts, social and economic disparities and political and religious persecution. Migration poses challenges for individual nations and represents a crucial humanitarian and global health issue requiring coordinated international efforts and long-term planning [6–8].Versión publicad