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La Motivación Intrínseca, ¿Impacta en la inserción al mercado laboral en juventudes entre 20 a 24 años de una comuna de la Región Metropolitana?
Get PDFTesina presentada a la Facultad de Gobierno de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Políticas Públicas
From Childhood to Adulthood: The Influence of Social Preferences and Theory of Mind on Decision-Making in Social Negotiation
Get PDFDoctoral thesis submitted to the Facultad de Gobierno of the Universidad del Desarrollo for the degree of Doctor in Social Complexity SciencesThis thesis examines how social decision-making develops from childhood through adulthood, focusing on fairness, feedback integration, and individual strategies in the Ultimatum Game (UG). Drawing on theories of Theory of Mind (ToM) and executive functions (EFs), the central hypothesis is that social decision-making becomes more stable, cooperative, and fairness-oriented with age. Study 1 systematically reviewed available research regarding the development of ToM, EFs, neurodevelopment and social preferences. Study 2 examined whether social feedback (acceptance vs. rejection) and prior adjustments influenced proposer strategies, with the hypotheses that (a) feedback affects immediate adjustments, (b) reliance on feedback decreases with age, and (c) negotiation strategies consolidate into identifiable behavioral clusters. Findings revealed that feedback prompted short-term adjustments, but these effects did not persist across rounds. Instead, age-related patterns were most evident in baseline offers: children showed greater variability, adolescents leaned toward competitive strategies, and adults prioritized fairness and stability. Results suggest that while social feedback shapes momentary decisions, long-term strategies are guided more by stable individual preferences and developmental changes in ToM and EFs. By integrating fairness norms with age-related differences in stability and cooperation, this thesis contributes to understanding how social negotiation strategies mature over time
Proyecto de intervención en Clínica Alemana de Osorno. Creación de un Comité de Ética Asistencial
No full textTrabajo de grado presentado a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magister en BioéticaDebemos necesariamente reflexionar frente a los múltiples desafíos que se nos presentan hoy: una comunicación verdadera, respetando la autonomía en la relación médico paciente, con un mejor conocimiento de sus valores, del contexto que lo rodea, de sus proyectos vitales y de las expectativas reales que tiene sobre su salud y enfermedad y las de su familia.
Frente a los desafíos anteriores necesitamos tomar decisiones razonables y prudentes en la relación clínica, poniendo al centro siempre al paciente. Aquí es, adonde el papel de los Comité de Ética Asistencial (CEA) puede ayudar a aportar una mirada, basada en la ponderación de valores y principios para analizar y deliberar en cursos de acción, con fundamento adecuado y adonde se elija lo mejor para ese paciente, en ese contexto y en ese lugar. En definitiva ayudar activamente a tomar decisiones en aquellos problemas morales que surgen en la asistencia clínica de los pacientes de hoy (3)
Technology-Based Interventions for Promoting Well-Being in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Well-being is crucial for children’s and adolescents’ mental health. Despite numerous interventions, innovative technological options are still underexplored, particularly for younger populations. This study aims to review, summarize, and discuss experimental studies on the effects of technological interventions on well-being in childhood and adolescence. Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines, including studies published since 2013. Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science including randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB-2) and ROBINS-I tools. Meta-analyses were performed using R studio. Results: Of the 2705 articles screened by title and abstract, 55 underwent full-text review. Seventeen articles were included, showing a diversity of technology-based interventions, including apps, web-based intervention, digital intervention, and chatbots.
The meta-analysis (n = 5636 participants) showed a small but statistically significant effect in promoting well-being (Hedges’s g = 0.18; p < .01). App-based interventions demonstrated a notably larger effect size (Hedges’s g = 0.33; p < .001). Conclusions: The findings highlight a range of technological interventions for promoting well-being in children and adolescents, with apps showing greater effectiveness. This supports their use as valuable resources for this population.Versión publicad
Valorization of Forest Residues. Bio-Composite from Eucalyptus Globulus Labill
Get PDFIn a global context where sustainability has become an unavoidable priority, this research focuses on the capsules of eucalyptus globulus labill, an abundant by-product of the forestry industry. The potential of these capsules as a raw material for the development of a sustainable bio-composite is explored, proposing a strategy aimed at reducing industrial waste and laying the foundation for a fundamental shift in the conception and production of future materials. Through a rigorous process of development and evaluation, it is demonstrated how this approach can transform forest waste into viable and environmentally responsible solutions. With the active participation of designers, industry experts, and chemistry specialists, this work is situated within a national context that reflects a growing demand for sustainable alternatives. A critical perspective on the challenges addressed and the emerging opportunities are presented, emphasising the revaluation of natural resources and the integration of concepts from circular economy and place-based design
Valores de masa muscular basal en cuidados intensivos y su asociación con el funcionamiento físico previo
No full textActividad de Grado presentada a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Terapia Física y Rehabilitación (MAKI)Introducción: En pacientes críticamente enfermos, la pérdida de masa muscular ocurre tempranamente y se asocia con deterioro funcional. Aún se desconocen en gran medida los valores basales de masa muscular en la UCI y su relación con el funcionamiento físico previo. Esta información puede ser clave para el manejo terapéutico y decisiones clínicas tempranas. Objetivo: Determinar valores basales de masa muscular del cuádriceps y tibial anterior al ingreso a la UCI, los cambios durante la primera semana y su asociación con el funcionamiento físico previo. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo. Se evaluaron pacientes al ingreso a la UCI y en el día 7. Se midió el grosor muscular, el área de sección transversal y la ecointensidad del recto femoral, vasto intermedio y tibial anterior mediante ecografía. La relación con variables demográficas y funcionamiento físico previo se analizó con Spearman Rho y Chi². Los cambios musculares en el tiempo se evaluaron con Wilcoxon. Resultados: Al ingreso, el grosor muscular tuvo una mediana de 1.76 cm (RIQ: 1.20–3.10) en el cuádriceps y 1.71 cm (RIQ: 1.30–2.53) en el tibial anterior. El área de sección transversal del recto femoral fue 2.38 cm² (RIQ: 1.14–6.35) y del tibial anterior 3.89 cm² (RIQ: 2.32–6.72). La ecointensidad inicial fue 94 (RIQ: 73–116) para el recto femoral y 95 (RIQ: 80–116) para el tibial anterior. Los hombres presentaron mayor grosor muscular y área de sección transversal. La edad se asoció negativamente con la masa muscular, mientras que peso y talla se correlacionaron positivamente. La pérdida muscular general fue del 4-24% en 7 días. Se observo una correlación moderada entre la masa muscular basal y la independencia previa en AIVD. Conclusión: Estos resultados destacan la ecografía como una herramienta objetiva y accesible para monitorear la masa muscular basal en pacientes críticos
Design and Science for Sustainability. Interdisciplinary Development Towards a Materials Research Centre
No full textThis article details the school of design (udd design) at Universidad del Desarrollo's journey towards establishing the newly opened centre for interdisciplinary research and development in sustainable materials. this journey began in 2012 in response to the climate crisis and the urgent need for sustainable production models. it started with initial explorations during a final degree studio and included significant milestones, such as awarding a patent to produce antimicrobial paper. in 2022, a formal line of research in materials was established, which was designated as a priority for technological development at the institutional level. innovative solutions based on valorising organic waste and biofabrication have been developed through research projects, international collaborations, and training programs such as the integrated biodesign workshop. the article highlights the relevance of interdisciplinarity in developing materials with sustainable
industrial applications, underscoring the impact of designers’ research and training in transforming the productive sector.
Finally, the new research centre is presented as a milestone in integrating science and design, strengthening the link between academia, industry, and sustainabilit
Barriers to access to insulin pumps in Chile: A qualitative study of a high-cost technology
No full textObjective: To investigate the barriers to accessing advanced insulin delivery system from the experiences of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), family members, and treatment teams.
Methods: A qualitative study, taking a comprehensive approach, investigated a person’s experience with T1DM and receiving insulin pump treatment, emphasizing the barriers to accessing it. A case study was conducted, considering a diverse range of individuals, including young patients, adult patients, family members or care givers, and health professionals. Twenty-nine semi-structured individual interviews provided a rich and varied perspective on the issue.
Results: According to study participants, the main barriers to access to insulin pump treatment for T1DM patients in Chile were the following: (i) Geographic barriers, (ii) Socioeconomic barriers, (iii) Administrative barriers, and (iv) Barriers from health teams. Participants also identified emerging barriers related to the insulin pump’s adaptation process.
Conclusions: Despite the barriers and bottlenecks identified, an effort to fill short gaps in access to insulin pump treatment by the Chilean health system is recognized. To keep improving in equitative access to high-cost treatments in T1DM and other chronic conditions, it is imperative to consider the active and meaningful participation of patients and their families in health decision-making. This can lead to more patient-centric and effective healthcare policies and practices.Versión publicad
Biodesign: Innovation, interdiscipline and circular economy for a sustainable future
Get PDFI had the pleasure of meeting Christina through the partnership between the school of design at Universidad del Desarrollo (Diseño UDD) and the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). in october 2022, we were honoured to host her, during which she delivered lectures and engaged in activities that captivated the undergraduate and graduate community. we also delved into the accomplishments and advancements in the biodesign challenge, an international competition in which UDD Design actively participates. throughout these interactions, we shared and exchanged experiences, leading to insight ful discussions on crucial topics related to biodesign and sustainability