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Manual de recomendaciones de uso de fotobiomodulación para prevención de mucositis oral en adultos tratados por cáncer hematológico que reciben quimioterapia de acondicionamiento para trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos
Get PDFSe ha propuesto el uso de fotobiomodulación, o láser de baja potencia para la prevención/tratamiento de la mucositis oral en pacientes que reciben quimioterapia de altas dosis para TPH. Este recurso ha demostrado ser efectivo para prevenir mucositis oral severa en esta població
Legal intervention proposal to reduce the incidence of traumatic brain injury, facial fractures and mortality in motorcyclists in chile
Get PDFIntroducción: El presente estudio de familia aborda los principales problemas de salud de una persona mayor de iniciales CQJ, de 67 años, destacando su estado de salud mental, con ideación suicida verbalizada, una red de apoyo limitada y una lesión por presión en el talón derecho. El caso clínico se introduce con una descripción del propósito del estudio y se presenta una valoración familiar para analizar el entorno social y emocional del caso índice. Objetivo: Analizar el problema principal de salud del caso índice para diseñar estrategias e intervenciones en conjunto con el equipo multidisciplinario. Metodología: Se realizó un proceso de atención de enfermería para abordar las problemáticas identificadas, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con la salud mental. Las herramientas utilizadas incluyeron un genograma, clasificación familiar y un ecomapa para recopilar y analizar información relevante. Resultados: Se formularon dos diagnósticos de enfermería prioritarios relacionados con la salud mental y el estado físico, implementando intervenciones específicas dirigidas al caso índice CQJ. Discusión: Se analizaron los aspectos más relevantes del caso, destacando las actividades e intervenciones diseñadas para abordar los diagnósticos prioritarios, con énfasis en una atención integral que abarca la salud mental y física de la persona mayor. Conclusión: El estudio resalta la importancia de la atención oportuna en personas mayores, particularmente en lo relacionado con la salud mental, e identifica nuevos temas relevantes para futuras investigaciones en Chile.
Introduction: The present family study addresses the main health problems of an elderly person, initials CQJ, aged 67 years, highlighting her mental health status, with verbalized suicidal ideation, a limited support network, and a pressure injury to the right heel. The clinical case is introduced with a description of the purpose of the study and a family assessment is presented to analyze the social and emotional environment of the index case. Objective: To analyze the main health problem of the index case in order to design strategies and interventions together with the multidisciplinary team. Methodology: A nursing care process was carried out to address the problems identified, especially those related to mental health. The tools used included a genogram, family classification and an ecomap to collect and analyze relevant information. Results: Two priority nursing diagnoses related to mental health and physical condition were formulated, implementing specific interventions directed to the index case CQJ. Discussion: The most relevant aspects of the case were analyzed, highlighting the activities and interventions designed to address the priority diagnoses, with emphasis on comprehensive care that encompasses the mental and physical health of the elderly person. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of timely care for the elderly, particularly in relation to mental health, and identifies new relevant topics for future research in Chil
Diet quality of Chilean schoolchildren: How is it linked to adherence to dietary guidelines?
Get PDFIntroduction: In Chile, the prevalence of overweight among schoolchildren over the age of 5 is approximately 50%, one of the highest in the Americas region. This is largely influenced by the presence of inadequate food environments, characterized by limited access to healthy foods and a high availability of highly processed foods (HPF). This study analyzes food consumption in Chilean schoolchildren and the association of this with the Chilean Dietary Guidelines Based on Foods (DGBF) and the HPF consumption.
Material and methods: The sample (1,094 schoolchildren) was obtained from the baseline of the FONDEF IT18I0016 project, in Santiago-Chile. Anthropometry and socioeconomic data were measured. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative frequency survey featuring images of food groups aligned with DGBF, as well as HPF. All data were collected by trained professional nutritionists. Associations between dependent and independent variables, and potential confounding factors were calculated using logistic regression models with stepwise backward/forward. A p < 0.05 was accepted as significant, using Stata 16.0.
Results: Most of the students (54.1%) were with malnutrition by excess and 20.0% exhibited abdominal obesity. Twenty percent of the students met the recommended intake for DGBF (fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products, legumes, water) and less than 5% did not consume any HPF. Consuming some sub-groups of HPF in moderate quantities (either no consumption or occasional consumption) increases the likelihood of meeting DGBF: candies and sweets (OR: 0.72; p = 0.04), pies with or without filling (OR: 0.63; p = 0.01), and salted snacks (OR: 0.67; p = 0.02).
Conclusion: Our results contribute to reaffirm the need to enhance healthy food consumption among schoolchildren and to discourage the intake of HPF, particularly focusing on specific sub-groups of HPF that may increase the risk of displacing the consumption of food groups recommended by the DGBF.Versión Publicad
A>I(G) RNA Editing in genotoxic drug response in breast cancer
No full textThesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science in Science and Innovation in Medicine from Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo.Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. While advancements in genomic technologies have improved the understanding of BC biology, therapeutic resistance remains a significant challenge, particularly to genotoxic drugs. This study explores the association of A>I(G) RNA editing, a post-transcriptional modification mediated by ADAR enzymes, in drug response and resistance in BC. A>I(G) RNA editing modifies adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, potentially altering RNA stability, splicing, and protein function.
The results identified ADAR1-mediated A>I(G) RNA editing sites associated with sensitivity or resistance to genotoxic drugs in BC cell lines. These sites, predominantly located in non-coding regions, were functionally linked to genes involved in DNA damage repair, immune response, and cancer progression.
Furthermore, RNA editing levels in genes such as LSR, SMPDL3B, HTRA4, and LL22NC03-80A10.6 were significantly associated with progression-free survival in BC patients, highlighting their potential as prognostic biomarkers.
In addition, multi-omics data were integrated using machine learning tools to predict the risk of therapy non-response in BC. This approach identified ADAR1 mediated RNA-edited sites, such as those in KDM4B, miRNA200/TTLL10-AS1, and BEST1, as key predictive variables alongside clinically relevant features.
These sites, primarily in non-coding regions, were associated with genes involved in histone demethylation, DNA damage repair (DDR), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell proliferation. The predictive models demonstrated acceptable performance in distinguishing responder and non-responder patients, emphasizing the utility of combining transcriptomic, epitranscriptomic, and clinical data to predict therapy response and their potential as predictive biomarkers.
This study advances the understanding of A>I(G) RNA editing as a contributor to drug resistance in BC and underscores its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. The findings highlight the importance of post-transcriptional modifications in precision medicine, offering new avenues for the development of personalized treatment strategies
Implementación inicial de gestores de casos oncológicos en pacientes infanto-adolescentes en Chile: Aprendizajes y recomendaciones en el marco de la ley nacional del cáncer. Resumen de resultados de estudio
No full textDesde la oncología, surge la figura de gestores de casos oncológicos o navegador de pacientes (concepto más comúnmente utilizado en USA y Canadá para esta figura) cuyo objetivo es facilitar la trayectoria de los pacientes más vulnerables, marginados y desatendidos a través de sistemas de salud fragmentados y complejos, ayudándolos a superar o aliviar las barreras de acceso a la atención sanitaria requerida para su condición de salud, muchas de ellas estructurales, históricas y profunda
Learning + service experience through a community intervention in a community of family caregivers
Get PDFIntroducción: El siguiente artículo presenta la experiencia de internos de enfermería en la articulación de un proyecto comunitario bajo la metodología de Aprendizaje + Servicio en un programa dirigido a familiares cuidadores funcionarios de una institución. Objetivo: El objetivo fue fortalecer el programa promoviendo la participación y vinculación de la comunidad. Metodología: Para ello se utilizaron elementos del Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEDE, la visión de cohesión social y del Modelo Ecológico. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas se realizó una evaluación y diagnóstico comunitario, asimismo se recogieron experiencias y opiniones de actores claves. Resultado: Como resultado fue posible definir el perfil de familiar cuidador, reconocer sus necesidades y formular cinco intervenciones fundamentadas, atingentes y realistas. Conclusión:Tras el análisis se destaca la importancia del sentido de cohesión social y el uso de nuevas herramientastecnológicas para mejorar la comunicación y sentido de pertenencia.
Introduction: The following article presents the experience of nursing interns in the articulation of a community project under the methodology of Learning + Service in a program aimed at family caregivers of an institution. Objective: The objective was to strengthen the program by promoting community participation and involvement.
Methodology: For this purpose, elements of the PRECEDE-PROCEDE Model, the social cohesion vision and the Ecological Model were used. A community assessment and diagnosis were carried out through semi-structured interviews, and the experiences and opinions of key actors were gathered. Results: As a result, it was possible to define the profile of family caregivers, recognize their needs and formulate five well-founded, relevant and realistic interventions. Conclusion: The analysis highlighted the importance of the sense of social cohesion and the use of new technological tools to improve communication and sense of belonging. Finally, the paper reflects on secondary caregivers, technical language of the area and the A+S methodology
Alineación y coherencia curricular en el diseño de una carrera técnica semipresencial en una institución de educación superior de Santiago
Get PDFSeminario de Grado presentado a la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Innovación Curricular y Evaluación EducativaLa presente investigación acción se enmarca en el ámbito de la educación superior técnico-profesional, específicamente en los procesos de diseño curricular e instruccional de la carrera Técnico en Enfermería, en modalidad semipresencial. En un contexto institucional que transita hacia la consolidación de la educación a distancia, se identificaron problemáticas asociadas a la falta de alineación curricular, la dispersión de información en múltiples documentos y la limitada confidencialidad de los insumos curriculares. Estos desafíos afectan directamente la calidad de la implementación de asignaturas y la coherencia entre lo diseñado y lo ejecutado.
El objetivo general fue elaborar un instrumento curricular colaborativo que promueva la alineación entre el diseño curricular e instruccional, atendiendo a los requerimientos del área instruccional. Las preguntas de investigación giran en torno a: ¿Cómo incide la creación de un instrumento curricular en la mejora del diseño instruccional y la alineación curricular en la carrera Técnico en Enfermería?.
La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativa bajo un enfoque de investigación-acción. Se utilizaron técnicas como focus group, entrevistas semiestructuradas y cuestionarios autoadministrados a los distintos participantes de la investigación. El análisis se realizó mediante codificación y triangulación de datos, lo que permitió validar el instrumento diseñado e identificar oportunidades de mejora.
La implementación del instrumento curricular permitió mejorar la alineación entre diseño curricular e instruccional, facilitando la planificación de asignaturas y la comprensión de lineamientos institucionales. Su diseño colaborativo fortaleció el trabajo entre áreas clave y evidenció la necesidad de estandarizar procesos y resguardar la confidencialidad de los documentos. Este estudio aporta al fortalecimiento de la calidad en contextos de educación a distancia, proponiendo una herramienta replicable en otras carreras. Se proyecta explorar su impacto en el aprendizaje estudiantil y la experiencia docente en futuras investigaciones
Asistir para aprender. La construcción de una cultura de asistencia en la educación pre básica
No full textSeminario de Grado presentado a la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad del Desarrollo para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Liderazgo y Gestión EducativaEl presente estudio tuvo como objetivo fomentar la asistencia regular y el compromiso escolar en el nivel de pre básica, promoviendo en las familias el reconocimiento de la importancia de la escolarización temprana en el desarrollo integral de los niños y niñas. La metodología consistió en el diseño e implementación de una campaña de sensibilización dirigida a los apoderados, que incluyó reuniones de planificación con el equipo de aula, distribución de folletos informativos, la realización de un taller formativo para padres y la instalación de un panel visual de reconocimiento de asistencia. Los resultados preliminares evidenciaron una mejora en los niveles de asistencia, un mayor involucramiento familiar y una percepción positiva de la iniciativa por parte de los participantes. La discusión destaca la relevancia del trabajo colaborativo entre escuela y familia, así como el rol activo de la gestión escolar en la promoción de prácticas preventivas. Se concluye que esta intervención marcó un avance significativo en la construcción de una cultura escolar centrada en la corresponsabilidad, representando el inicio de un proceso más amplio. Se espera que, en el futuro, se desarrollen nuevas acciones que continúen fortaleciendo el vínculo colaborativo entre la familia y la escuela
Trans-Inclusive Couple Relationships in the Context of Gender Affirmation: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Metasynthesis
No full textBackground: The gender affirmation process represents a fundamental identity milestone for transgender individuals, introducing unique stressors that affect both partners and their relationship. In trans-inclusive couples, this process entails significant adjustments in response to identity and relational changes. This systematic review aimed to characterize the empirical evidence regarding the experiences of trans-inclusive couples during the gender affirmation process of transgender individuals.
Method: Literature searches were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed following PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows: (1) peer-reviewed empirical articles, (2) a focus on trans-inclusive romantic relationships in the context of gender affirmation, (3) publication between January 2000 and December 2024, and (4) written in English or Spanish. Of the 122 potentially eligible articles, six qualitative studies were included in the final analysis. The data were extracted using an ad hoc form and analyzed through thematic synthesis. Most studies presented a minimal risk of bias.
Results: Five main themes were identified: (1) subjective trajectories in trans identity affirmation, (2) emotional and identity reconfiguration of the cisgender partner, (3) relational transformations in the context of gender affirmation, (4) relationships with family and the importance of support networks, and (5) social, political, and structural contexts of gender affirmation.
Conclusions: The gender affirmation process, together with minority stress, has been shown to uniquely impact trans-inclusive couples, generating effects across multiple levels that extend beyond the couple relationship itself. The findings highlight the need for clinical support and public policies that recognize the relational dimension of this process.
However, available studies are primarily based in Global North contexts and focus on limited couple compositions, which restricts the generalizability of the results.Versión aceptad
South-South migration and entrepreneurship: The case of Chile
Get PDFThere is a vast literature addressing migration towards more developing economies, often focusing on migrants' inclusion into local labour markets. However, less information is available regarding the labour inclusion of migrants in emerging economies usually characterized by high levels of inequality and extensive informal markets. Latino America, and Chile in particular, provide a unique opportunity to study the labour market integration of migrants. The region has experienced an unprecedented inflow of migrants in recent years, and Chile has not been an exception to this trend. In 2017, the migrant population in Chile was estimated at around 746 thousand. Five years later, in 2022, the number had escalated to 1.5 million (INE, 2022). Formal and informal barriers have limited migrants' access to formal markets, leading them to opt for informal jobs or entrepreneurial ventures. However, this decision is not homogeneous across migrant subgroups, especially facing external shocks. In this chapter, we will examine the inclusion of migrants in the Chilean labour market between 2017 and 2022. We will explore labour decisions among migrants and locals, analysing demographic characteristics and exploring an econometric analysis.
Furthermore, we will specifically address the substantial rise in the migrant population and the impacts of the pandemic and its subsequent recovery phase. We aim to inform policymakers regarding the role of the entrepreneur in an emerging economy as a strategy to deal with unemployment, underemployment, and informality during this period.Versión enviad