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Toward Understanding the Systematic Entanglement of Local Crops -Focusing on taro in Itsuki Village, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan-
Get PDFThis study focuses on taro as a local crop. The research field is Itsuki Village, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The research addresses the question of why taro has survived amidst changes in the local community. This study will approach the question from the viewpoint that taro has demonstrated characteristics that cannot be replaced by other crops or modern varieties, not only because of its functionality but also because of its systematic entanglement. In this study, we derive three characteristics: their cultivational characteristics, their position in food culture, and their moderate accidental distance from the market economy. The approach presented in this paper will help us understand the structure surrounding these local crops.departmental bulletin pape
Four or Five-year-old Boys' Verbal Expression During Drawing Pictures
Get PDFFour or five-year-old boys often draw pictures while chatting with their friends. However, we often see them talking to themselves while they are drawing pictures. They may be satisfied with their own image of the world expressed by drawing and speaking simultaneously.
This paper investigates what kind of pictures four or five-year-old boys draw when speaking unconsciously to themselves. In this study, we videoed boys drawing pictures in this situation and examined their speech.departmental bulletin pape
A Study of Students’ Career Consciousness Based on Class Assignments in the 2023 Career Design A Course at Osaka International University
Get PDFThis paper analyzes students’ career consciousness to enhance the development of career education courses. Teaching students from diverse backgrounds in a large lecture format poses challenges, and its validity always requires verification. In this study, I examined the degree of optimism with which students envision their careers. This analysis was based on assignments from the Career Design A course at Osaka International University in 2023, involving 550 second-year students. I applied the analytical framework of result expectations and efficacy expectations, which are commonly used in career selfefficacy research, and conducted a cross-analysis.
Consequently, I identified variations in characteristics based on the students’ departments. While further in-depth analysis is needed in the future, I have acquired valuable insights to enhance education.departmental bulletin pape
The Real Situation of Modern Monetary Theory in Japan
Get PDFModern Monetary Theory（MMT）attracts attention and debate all over the world. MMT argues that governments that can issue currency will never go bankrupt. The primary constraint on government spending is not the fiscal deficit but inflation. The Japanese government has historically pursued deficit spending to stimulate the economy and fund various projects.
MMT has its roots in the works of economists like Abba Lerner and Hyman Minsky and debate among economists and policymakers still continues. The focus should be on the fact that banks can create money through lending and the government can influence money supply through taxation and spending policies. While critics claim that excessive government spending has led to fiscal collapse. Japan actually has one of the highest levels of government debt relative to GDP among developed countries. This debt is largely financed through the issuance of Japanese Government Bonds（JGBs）which are subject to monetary easing through exchanges between the government, the Bank of Japan, and commercial banks.
The situation is dynamic and subject to evolving economic conditions and policy choices. We will analyze this situation in Japan and discuss the legitimacy of MMT.departmental bulletin pape
Exercise Classes Aimed at Preventing Frailty in an Elderly Community during the Coronavirus Epidemic
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of health classes aimed at improving physical and mental health and preventing frailty due to physical and mental decline the elderly community caused by indoors confinement during the Coronavirus epidemic. The study examined how to implement health classes in a non-face-to-face manner.
The participants were 29 elderly residents（7 males and 22 females with a mean age of 79.43± 4.54）who were interested in maintaining and improving their health but had not yet formed an exercise habit. They understood the purpose of this study, and indicated their willingness to participate in the program, however their eligibility depended on their ability to walk to the activity site.
Due to the spread of the Coronavirus infection, it was not possible to implement all of the programs. Many respondents answered that they exercised at home when living with the Coronavirus, but their physical fitness tended to be low. Some participants answered that they did not exercise at home, indicating that it is necessary to create a mechanism to encourage them to exercise in the future. Participants who engaged in exercises they could do at home maintained and improved some elements of physical fitness. The results of the Five Cog, which measures cognitive function, tended to be higher in the women than in the men. As for the possibility of conducting the class in a non-face-to-face setting, it became clear that for many elderly people it was a hurdle to use a smartphone or to set up an internet connection. Therefore, cooperation between the public, private, and academic sectors is needed, such as opening up public facilities and collaborating with cable TV companies.departmental bulletin pape
New Developments in Music Education Learning from Freinet Pedagogy: Exploring Proactive, Interactive and Authentic Learning in Piano Performance Instruction
Get PDFThis research explores new approaches in music education within the framework of 21st-century education, applying the principles of Freinet pedagogy. The objective is to overcome the limitations of traditional Japanese music education by centering on learners' curiosity, thus fostering an environment that nurtures autonomy and creativity. Utilizing Freinet's principles and techniques, I developed and validated a new method focusing on the importance of interaction with others and the skill of verbalization. The results demonstrate that practices based on these focal points significantly enhance learners' autonomy and facilitate dialogue with others. Building upon these findings, this study seeks methods to encourage proactive and interactive learning in piano performance instruction.departmental bulletin pape
A Study on Downsizing of Private Universities and the Deduction of Fundamental Funds
Get PDFJapan, has faced a declining birthrate since the 1990ʼs.
However, private universities have continued to grow.
By increasing their enrollment, especially through the recruitment of female students, universities have initially staved off the effects of the declining birthrate but now have reached the limit of this approach and are being forced to downsize in the anticipation of a declining number of university recruits.
The Accounting Standards of School Corporations does not adequately deal with the downsizing, even though this matter needs to be transparent and fully disclosed to the public, the accounting rules do not adequately accommodate it.
This paper outlines the authorʼs approach and suggenstions to improve the current rules.departmental bulletin pape
The Relationship Between Health Concerns and Self-efficacy Among New University Students
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the interest in understanding of health knowledge and health behaviors and the trait of self-efficacy of new university students.
We surveyed the level of interest in and understanding of health knowledge of ‘exercise’, ‘diet’ and ‘sleep/rest’, and generalized self-efficacy of 260 new university students.
We compared the scores of generalized self-efficacy in the groups based on a combination of the degree of interest in the three health areas and the average number of correct answers in health knowledge. Notably, the group with a higher interest in health and higher understanding of health knowledge had a significantly a higher generalized self-efficacy than the group with a lower interest in health（p< 0.05）.
To promote health education and its retention among new university students and to encourage health behaviors based on such knowledge, it was considered that assessing the high level of generalized self-efficacy as an internal factor of individuals would be an effective method.departmental bulletin pape
An evaluation of USA Learns and its lesson plan based on content-based instruction
Get PDFThis paper presents a lesson plan based on the content-based instruction（CBI）approach in an English class, combining“ USA Learns,” a website for English as a second language learners.
USA Learns is a free website developed by the Sacramento County Office of Education in collaboration with other institutions
that assists adults in learning English autonomously.
However, it also provides instructors with a page where they can monitor their students’ learning records.
This fact enables the instructor to conduct CBI classes for university students in class. This article provides an introduction to usage-based language learning, a broad overview of USA Learns, a theoretical evaluation of CBI, and a lesson plan that incorporates CBI into USA Learns.departmental bulletin pape
The Relative Factors of the Reactive Strength Index Modified of Countermovement Jump and Sportspecific Characteristics in Collegiate Female Athletes
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to reactive strength index modified （RSImod） of the countermovement jump （CMJ） in collegiate female athletes and to examine the sport-specific characteristics.
As factors related to RSImod, the time in the eccentric（ECC）phase（yielding and braking period）and concentric（CON）phase, the rate of force development（RFD）in the ECC phase（braking period）, and the rate of power development（RPD）in the CON phase, Fhmin/BW and Fmax/BW, as well as Vmax, were identified.
It was suggested that to enhance RSImod in CMJ among collegiate female athletes, emphasizing quick and powerful braking and propulsion during the rebound phase, aiming to maximize the velocity of takeoff as much as possible, is effective.
When comparing between the women's softball（WSB）group and women's volleyball（WVB）group, there was no significant difference in jump height or RSImod. However, the WVB group showed significantly longer time in the CON phase, and the WSB group exhibited significantly higher RPD in the CON phase. Additionally, the Fmin/BW and Vmin of the WVB group were significantly lower. This suggests that softball players tend to exert high force quickly in the CON phase, while volleyball players focus on quick downward movement in the ECC phase and relatively longer ground push in the CON phase.
While it is generally considered effective to emphasize quick and strong exertion before and after the maximum squat position for improving explosive lower limb power in collegiate female athletes, considering the specific movement patterns in different sports suggests the necessity for sport-specific training approaches.departmental bulletin pape