E-Journal USD (Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta)
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Determination of Cyanide Content and Heavy Metals (Cu, Ni, Cd, & Pb) in Different Processed Cassava Meal in Abraka Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria
Get PDFCassava is a tuberous plant in Nigeria that can be processed into different meal but its various forms contains a trace concentrations of cyanide, cadmium, nickel, lead and copper that are not only essential for man but toxic if their concentration levels are high. This study determined the cyanide content and some heavy metals in different processed cassava meal sold in markets at Abraka and its environs. Samples of fufu, garri, starch, and fresh cassava were collected from five selected markets in Abraka. Cyanide concentration was determined using AOAC (1990) method of alkaline titration steam distillation of the sample using silver nitrate. While copper, cadmium, nickel and lead were determined using the Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results for the cyanide levels were 7.56 mg/kg for fresh cassava, 5.4 mg/kg for starch, 3.24 mg/kg for garri, 2.16 mg/kg for fufu. The levels were in the order, fresh casava starch garri fufu. The heavy metals concentration of copper (Cu), were (mg/kg) 2.04 for fresh cassava, 1.62 for garri, 1.44 for fufu, and 1.02 for starch. The levels were in the order, fresh cassava garri fufu starch. The concentration of cadmium (Cd) were (mg/kg) 3.14 for fresh cassava, 1.03 for garri, 1.47 for fufu, 2.84 for starch. The levels were in the order, fresh cassava starch fufu garri. The concentrations of nickel (Ni) were (mg/kg) 2.46 for fresh cassava, 1.89 for garri. 1.94 for fufu and 1.73 for starch. The levels were in the order, fresh cassava fufu garri starch. Lead (Pb) was not detected in all the samples. From the results obtained in this study, fufu is the safest for consumption due to the low contents of cyanide and heavy metals. Garri is also considered to be safe as they fall within the WHO permissible limit for those metals. Hence, proper processing of cassava products should be encouraged to reduce bioaccumulation of cyanides levels in them
Kebermaknaan Hidup Pemimpin Organisasi Mahasiswa Yang Mengalami GAP Year
Get PDFThis research aims to (1) identify the various ways to interpret the dynamics of personal development for organizational leaders who have experienced a Gap Year, (2) understand the different perspectives of organizational leaders who have experienced a Gap Year regarding suffering in finding meaning in life, (3) determine the various influences felt by organizational leaders who have experienced a Gap Year as a result of their search for meaning in life, and (4) identify the various obstacles in the process of finding meaning in life within each dynamic of the organization led by organizational leaders who have experienced a Gap Year. This research employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews with two research subjects who are organizational leaders who experienced a Gap Year due to working before attending university. The research results indicate that both subjects were able to find meaning in life as organizational leaders who had experienced a Gap Year. The data obtained shows that both (1) subjects had their own ways of finding meaning in their lives. (2) Although some events within the organization evoked negative emotions such as anger and disappointment, both subjects tried to accept and be grateful for them as part of the journey. (3) Age differences with their members also influenced the emergence of problems that hindered the discovery of meaning in life, although both subjects were ultimately able to overcome them. (4) Various problems present in the organization served as a form of maturation and supported self-actualization as organizational leaders
Terorisme Negara dan Krisis Subyektivitas: Kritik Foulcaudian terhadap Kekerasan Aparat dalam Masyarakat Kontemporer
Get PDFThe increasing brutality of state apparatuses in recent years has disrupted communal life and poses a significant threat to individual subjectivity. This phenomenon—often referred to as “state terrorism”—manifests under the pretext of maintaining public security and social order, yet frequently targets specific community groups, functioning as a mechanism of control rather than protection. This study draws on secondary data from reports, media coverage, and human rights documentation from 2021-2022 to examine the extent and impact of such violence. Using Michel Foucault’s critical-philosophical framework, the analysis reveals that state apparatuses often act as agents of systemic brutality, undermining human rights and fostering a climate of fear. Moreover, the entanglement of capitalism, racism, and discrimination transforms social relationships, encouraging mutual surveillance among citizens and masking state coercion as mediationAbstrakBrutalitas aparat beberapa tahun terakhir menjadi sebuah fenomena yang mengganggu kehidupan bermasyarakat, bahkan menimbulkan ancaman terhadap subjektivitas individu. Brutalitas aparat atau bisa disebut sebagai “terorisme negara” adalah salah satu ketakutan terhadap aparat keamanan dengan berdalih mengamankan dan menertibkan, namun justru menjadi subjek eksekutor terhadap masyarakat. Berkedok “mengayomi masyarakat” padahal bentuk lain dari “mengontrol masyarakat” dengan menargetkan kelompok masyarakat tertentu dan memiliki motif menebarkan ketakutan dengan dalih mencegah kegaduhan. Data dari 2021-2022 menunjukkan signifikansi brutalitas aparat sebagai eksekutor hak asasi manusia. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini bertumpu pada perspektif kritis-filosofis Michel Foucault. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa aparat negara menjadi penyebab terjadinya brutalitas terhadap kehidupan manusia dan mengancam hak asasi manusia. Aparat negara menjadi teroris bagi rakyat. Kapitalisme dengan bercampur rasisme dan diskriminasi mengecam hubungan masyarakat yang saling peduli menjadi saling mengawasi, maka membuat aparatus negara dibuat seolah menengahi persoalan
THE IGNATIAN SPIRITUAL EXERCISES AS A PRACTICE OF INTER-RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Get PDFThe Spiritual Exercises (SpEx), written by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556), offer significant perspectives on religious education theory and practice. This research addresses how such a spirituality can be practiced as interreligious education without overlooking its confessional nature. Employing library research, it offers a content analysis of SpEx through the framework of communicative theology developed by Matthias Scharer and Bernd Jochen Hilberath, which facilitates interreligious education by presupposing fundamental panentheistic ideas, employing synchronic and diachronic approaches through its three-level theology and four-factor religious identity, and incorporating nonverbal communication actions. SpEx fulfils these religious principles by embracing the conviction that God is to be discovered in all things, employing a cura personalis approach, and engaging in personal prayer. SpEx can serve as a model for interreligious education by drawing on the Ignatian educational framework, which includes the phases of context, experience, reflection, action, and evaluation. This paradigm can be incorporated into a fractal model illustrating the dynamics of religious identity, constructed from four factors (I, We, It, and Globe) that manifest at the levels of concrete experience, experiential reflection, and scientific reflection, transcending the collective memory of a specific religious tradition
SPIRITUALITAS IGNASIAN SEBAGAI JALAN MEMBANGUN KESATUAN HIDUP BERKELUARGA: SEBUAH STUDI KASUS KUALITATIF
Get PDFThis article examines Ignatian Spirituality as a spiritual framework capable of fostering and sustaining unity in family life amid differences in character, cultural background, and life values. Departing from the reality of conflicts commonly encountered in contemporary families, the study argues that spirituality functions not merely as a reinforcement of faith but as a transformative force in relational life. Employing a qualitative approach through a case study method, this research focuses on a Catholic married couple who have lived their marital vocation for more than five decades. The primary data consist of personal reflective documents, which are thematically analyzed in light of the principles of Saint Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises. The findings demonstrate that key practices of Ignatian Spirituality—such as self-denial, discernment of spirits, freedom from disordered attachments, magnanimity, and humility—play a significant role in managing conflict, deepening mutual understanding, and nurturing relational unity within the family. Concrete practices, including reflective prayer, shared spiritual exercises, open communication, and the courage to undergo personal transformation, emerge as effective pathways for relational healing and growth. This article concludes that Ignatian Spirituality is not merely a personal devotional practice but a holistic and effective approach to building sustainable family unity. By orienting family life toward Christ as its ultimate end, Ignatian Spirituality offers a concrete spiritual resource for families to grow in love, interior freedom, and faithful commitment
Interreligious Dialogue Menurut Felix Wilfred dalam Konteks Keberagaman Agama di Indonesia
Get PDFOne of the distinctive features of the Indonesian nation is multi religion. This theme is not only intriguing but also poses challenges in the efforts to build peace and harmony in communal life. The article employs a literature review method to gather and analyze data from Felix Wilfred’s writings, as well as previous research to support Wilfred’s ideas on interreligious dialogue. The research findings from this article indicate that interreligious dialogue is highly important and relevant in fostering harmony, solidarity, and peace in Indonesia’s diverse society. Felix Wilfred emphasizes the significance of interreligious dialogue in addressing conflicts and promoting peace. He believes that such dialogue should also involve an understanding of local culture. The concept of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” in Indonesia, which emphasizes acceptance of cultural, religious, and ethnic differences, aligns with the spirit of pluralism in society. The model of religious cosmopolitanism offered by Wilfred, particularly through interreligious dialogue, can promote solidarity and understanding among different religious communities. One concrete manifestation of this is the Young Interfaith Peacemaker Community (YIPC). YIPC in Indonesia plays a crucial role in promoting tolerance, understanding, and peace among religious communities, aligning with the concepts of postcolonial theology and interreligious dialogue proposed by Felix Wilfred.AbstrakSalah satu kekhasan bangsa Indonesia ialah keberagaman agama. Hal ini sangat menarik namun sekaligus memunculkan tantangan dalam upaya membangun perdamaian dan keharmonisan di tengah kehidupan bersama. Untuk menanggapi tantangan tersebut, tulisan ini menawarkan kajian menarik yakni pemikiran Felix Wilfred tentang interreligious dialogue dalam konteks keberagaman agama di Indonesia. Artikel ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data dari tulisan Felix Wilfred, serta penelitian-penelitian terdahulu untuk mendukung pemikiran Wilfred tentang interreligious dialogue. Hasil penelitian dari tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa interreligious dialogue sangat penting dan relevan dalam upaya menciptakan keharmonisan, solidaritas, dan perdamaian dalam masyarakat Indonesia yang beragam. Felix Wilfred menekankan pentingnya interreligious dialogue dalam mengatasi konflik dan mendorong perdamaian, dan ia yakin bahwa dialog tersebut juga harus melibatkan pemahaman tentang budaya lokal. Konsep “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” di Indonesia yang mengedepankan penerimaan terhadap perbedaan budaya, agama, dan etnis, sejalan dengan semangat pluralisme dalam masyarakat. Model berteologi kosmopolitanisme keagamaan yang ditawarkan Wilfred terutama dengan interreligious dialogue dapat mendorong solidaritas dan pemahaman antar komunitas agama yang berbeda. Salah satu bentuk konkretisasinya ialah Young Interfaith Peacemaker Community (YIPC). YIPC di Indonesia memainkan peran penting dalam dalam mempromosikan toleransi, pemahaman dan perdamaian antar umat beragama di Indonesia yang juga sejalan dengan konsep teologi postkolonial dan interreligious dialogue yang diusulkan oleh Felix Wilfred. Dengan demikian, gagasan mengenai pentingnya interreligious dialogue oleh Felix Wilfred sangat relevan dan kontekstual untuk diwujudkan dalam konteks keberagaman agama di Indonesia
Antara Iman dan Budaya: Perjumpaan dengan Yang Transenden Lewat Ritual Keti Dara Ta’a, dalam Terang Konsep Hierophani Mircea Eliade
Get PDFEvery culture has many ceremonies in the form of rituals that are shown to a transcendent person. One example occurs in the Keti Dara Ta'a ritual in Manggarai culture. The Keti Dara Ta'a ritual is a tradition performed when a family member dies unnaturally, such as accidents, suicide, death due to natural disasters, and murder victims. In this study, researchers looked at the Keti Dara Ta'a ritual through Mircea Eliade's concept of Hierophany. There are two objectives of this study, firstly, to look at the transcendental subject in the Keti Dara Ta'a ritual in relation to the Christian faith. Secondly, to contextualize Mircea Eliade's hierophany paradigm. The method used is a literature study with books as the main source and several related articles. It can be concluded that the Keti Dara Ta'a ritual refers to a sacred phenomenon that is preserved in the frame of Manggarai culture. The sacredness patterned in the Keti Dara Ta'a ritual, no matter how complicated, still has relevance to the transcendence of Christian faith.AbstrakSetiap budaya memiliki banyak perayaan berupa ritual yang ditujukan kepada pribadi yang transenden. Salah satu contoh terjadi dalam ritual keti dara ta’a yang dipraktekan oleh masyarakat Manggarai. Ritual keti dara ta’a merupakan sebuah tradisi yang dilakukan ketika memiliki anggota keluarga yang meninggal secara tidak wajar, seperti kecelakaan, bunuh diri, meninggal karena bencana alam, dan korban pembunuhan. Dalam kajian ini, peneliti melihat ritual keti dara ta’a melalui konsep hierophani Mircea Eliade. Terdapat dua tujuan penelitian ini, pertama, untuk mengenal sosok transenden dalam ritual keti dara ta’a dalam relasinya dengan Allah dalam pemahaman iman Kristiani. Kedua, untuk mengkontekstualisasikan konsep hierophani yang pernah digagas Mircea Eliade dengan fenomena budaya di Manggarai. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan buku sebagai sumber utama serta beberapa artikel terkait. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ritual Keti Dara Ta’a merujuk pada fenomena sakral yang terpelihara dalam bingkai kebudayaan Manggarai. Sakralitas yang terpola dalam ritual keti dara ta’a sebagaimana pun peliknya, tetap memiliki relevansi dengan transendensi iman Kristiani
Hukum Kristus di Era Krisis Ekologi: Mengintegrasikan Pemikiran Bernhard Haring dengan Ekologi Integral dalam Laudato Si
Get PDFThe recent climate change is one of the consequences of the gap in the relationship between humans and the universe. This gap ultimately gives rise to a prolonged ecological crisis. The current environmental crisis is a global challenge, with severe impacts such as increased migration, loss of homes, and the extinction of various plant and animal species. Conditions like these are essentially caused by the loss of human connectivity and sensitivity to nature, which then leads to unpredictable weather changes, decreased agricultural yields, and the exploitation of environmental issues in political policies. In response to this crisis, this paper proposes an integration between the concept of the Law of Christ from Bernhard Haring's thought and the idea of integral ecology in Laudato Si by Pope Francis. So the question of this paper is how to rebuild human connectivity and sensitivity to nature through responsible moral action. The method of this paper is to analyze the concept of the law of Christ according to Bernhard Haring and integrate it with the understanding of the integral ecology of Pope Francis in the encyclical Laudato Si. Bernhard Haring, who lived during World War II, emphasized love as the core of the Law of Christ, where love encourages responsible moral action towards others and nature. He also underlines the importance of freedom of action balanced with responsibility for its impact on creation. Meanwhile, Pope Francis in Laudato Si sees the roots of the ecological crisis in technology, the technocratic paradigm, and the modern anthropocentric view. Pope Francis offers the principle of solidarity and the importance of considering the impact of our actions on the environment for future generations. Both of these thoughts emphasize the need for an ecological conversion based on love as the main driver to give birth to awareness of the importance of responsible moral action to recreate the harmony of the relationship between humans and the universe as a common home.AbstrakPerubahan iklim yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini merupakan salah satu akibat dari adanya kesenjangan relasi antara manusia dan alam semesta. Kesenjangan ini pada akhirnya melahirkan krisis ekologi yang berkepanjangan. Krisis ekologi saat ini menjadi tantangan global, dengan dampaknya yang sangat serius seperti meningkatnya migrasi, hilangnya tempat tinggal, serta punahnya berbagai spesies tumbuhan dan hewan. Kondisi-kondisi seperti ini pada hakekatnya disebabkan oleh hilangnya konektivitas dan sensitivitas manusia terhadap alam, yang kemudian berujung pada perubahan cuaca tidak menentu, penurunan hasil pertanian, dan eksploitasi isu lingkungan dalam kebijakan politik. Menanggapi krisis ini, paper ini mengusulkan integrasi antara konsep Hukum Kristus dari pemikiran Bernhard Haring dan konsep ekologi integral dalam Laudato Si oleh Paus Fransiskus. Maka pertanyaan dari paper ini adalah bagaimana membangun kembali konektivitas dan sensivitas manusia dengan alam melalui tindakan moral yang bertanggungjawab? Metode dari paper ini adalah menganalisa konsep hukum Kristus menurut Bernhard Haring dan mengintegrasikannya dengan paham ekologi integral Paus Fransiskus dalam ensiklik Laudato Si. Bernhard Haring, yang hidup di masa Perang Dunia II, menekankan kasih sebagai inti Hukum Kristus, di mana kasih mendorong tindakan moral yang bertanggungjawab terhadap sesama dan alam. Ia juga menggarisbawahi pentingnya kebebasan untuk bertindak yang diimbangi dengan tanggung jawab atas dampaknya terhadap ciptaan. Sementara itu, Paus Fransiskus dalam Laudato Si melihat akar dari krisis ekologi adalah teknologi, paradigma teknokratis dan pandangan antroposentrisme modern. Paus Fransiskus menawarkan prinsip solidaritas dan pentingnya mempertimbangkan dampak tindakan kita terhadap lingkungan untuk generasi mendatang. Kedua pemikiran ini menekankan perlunya pertobatan ekologis yang berdasarkan pada kasih sebagai penggerak utama untuk melahirkan kesadaran akan pentingnya tindakan moral yang bertanggung jawab untuk menciptakan kembali harmonisasi relasi antara manusia dan alam semesta sebagai rumah bersama
The Council of Nicaea and the Import of Dialectic in a Synodal Process
Get PDFMarking the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, the author wishes to present a reading of the Council as a theological event through the thoughts of Bernard Lonergan. The objective of the research is to discover how Lonergan’s insights on ways to better grasp the truth can shed light on some novelty and its implications to the reading of the Council. Making use of hermeneutics and descriptive analytics, the author argues that the Council –when read as a theological event– will show a process of dialectic, one of the eight functional specialties proposed by Lonergan. These famous functional specialties reflect the four distinct levels of consciousness in which humans operate. Dialectic, as the fourth functional specialty, is an integral part of being Church today, especially now as we are moving together in a synodal process
Translation of Sexual Expressions and Their Synonyms in Bared to You Novel as Sexual Discourse
Get PDFDiscourse concerning sexuality in Indonesia is influenced by religion, social norm, and the Pornography Law that governs the circulation of media with explicit sexual content. However, bookstores in Indonesia sell translated novels with explicit sexual scenes. One of such novels is Terbuka Untukmu (2013), the Indonesian translation of Sylvia Day’s Bared to You (2012). This research aims to analyze how the discourse concerning sexuality itself is limited (Foucault, 1972) and how such limitation(s) (Levefere, 1992) influences the translation of sexual expressions and their synonyms in the novel. This research was conducted by applying the corpus-based descriptive analysis approach using Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation procedures (1995). This research found that there were synonymous expressions with differing degree of vulgarity that were translated into the same expressions. Vulgar and neutral expressions were translated into the same expression, and so were vulgar and positive expressions. However, neutral and positive expressions were not translated into the same expression. It can be concluded that the discourse concerning sexuality in the target readers’ society is limited through the usage of the sexual expressions in order to significantly reduce the vulgarity of the expressions which was present in the source text and to minimize the inclusion of female genitalia so that the translation is more acceptable among the target readers. This study will also help in showing English to Indonesian translators the diversity of translating certain sexual expressions in literary translations.