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The importance and direction of educational counseling seen from the revision of the "Guidelines for students guidance"
Get PDF2022年12月に改訂された生徒指導提要では，従来の「させる」生徒指導から「支える」生徒指導へと舵が切られ，児童生徒が自発的・主体的に成長・発達する過程を支える意図でなされる教職員の働きかけとしての生徒指導の展開を求め，生徒指導を2軸，3類，4層(発達支持的生徒指導・課題未然防止教育・課題早期発見対応・困難課題対応的生徒指導)構造と捉えている。特に全ての教育活動の中で教育相談の役割は益々大きくなっており，組織としての教育相談の体制の構築とチームとしての連携の在り方に向けて，生徒指導と教育相談が一体となった取組が喫緊の課題になっている。また，担任だけでなく子どもに関わる全ての教職員が教育相談の重要性に気付き，教育相談の技法(カウンセリングマインド)を身につけることは今後の学校教育には必要不可欠である。教育相談に視点を当て，前回の生徒指導提要と今回改訂された生徒指導提要を比較することから教育相談の重要性と方向性をまとめる。The revised version of the Student Guidance Guidelines shifts from the conventional "letting students" to "supporting" student guidance, and calls for the development of student guidance as encouragement by faculty and staff with the intention of supporting the process of self-directed and independent growth and development of students. In recent years, the role of educational consultation has become larger and larger in all educational activities, and the establishment of an educational consultation system as an organization has become an urgent issue. In addition, it is essential for future school education for not only homeroom teachers but also all teachers and staff involved with children to recognize the importance of educational consultation and acquire educational counseling techniques (counseling mindset). The importance and direction of educational consultation are summarized by comparing the previous student guidance guidelines with the revised guidelines.展望論文(Review Article)departmental bulletin pape
Reasonable accommodation in deaf education and its challenges
Get PDF2006年に国連総会で採択された「障害者権利条約」に続いて，日本では法制度の整備が行われ，障害者基本法の改正や障害者差別解消法の制定が行われた。これにより，障害者の合理的配慮の権利が確立され，本人の意向と協議に基づいた合理的配慮が重要視されている。高等教育機関での合理的配慮に関する研究は存在するが，聴覚障がいを持つ児童のインクルーシブ環境における課題については研究が不足している。そのため，本稿では聴覚障がい児が抱える課題を検討する。聴覚障がい児がインクルーシブ環境で学ぶ際の主な課題は，聞き取りの困難さ，学習における遅れ，友人関係の悩み，教師の理解不足などがある。特に，聞き取り環境の影響が大きく，学力や言語力の遅れも顕著である。聴覚障がい児の友人関係も影響を受け，対人コミュニケーションに課題があり，心理的な問題も報告されている。また，教師の理解と配慮も不可欠である。その他，軽度・中等度の聴覚障がいを持つ児童にも課題が存在し，支援が必要である。補聴援助システムや支援員の配置，教育環境の整備などが支援策として考えられている。また，聴覚障がい児自身が自己認識や意思表明のスキルを持つことが重要であり，セルフアドボカシー能力の育成が求められている。これには教育機関での支援が必要であり，専門的な指導や環境整備が必要である。大学段階でのセルフアドボカシーの重要性も指摘されており，支援体制やコミュニティの存在が影響を与える。また，教育機関での合理的配慮においても，教員の理解と協力が不可欠である。インクルーシブ環境で学ぶ聴覚障がい児に対して，多様な支援とセルフアドボカシー能力の育成が必要である。In 2006, Japan implemented significant legal changes following the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. These changes included amendments to the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities and the introduction of the Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities, establishing the right to reasonable accommodation, with an emphasis on individual choices and consultations. While most research has focused on reasonable accommodation in higher education institutions, there is a notable lack of research regarding the challenges faced by children with hearing impairments in inclusive environments. These children encounter difficulties in understanding, experience learning delays, grapple with friendship issues, and often face a lack of teacher understanding in inclusive settings. Hearing status significantly affects their academic and language abilities, occasionally leading to psychological issues. Adequate teacher understanding and support are essential. Additionally, children with mild to moderate hearing impairments also require assistance, such as assistive devices and improvements in the educational environment. Moreover, the significance of self-advocacy at the university level is emphasized, with the support system and community presence playing pivotal roles in its effectiveness. It remains crucial to provide diversified support and nurture self-advocacy skills for children with hearing impairments in inclusive learning environments.展望論文(Review Article)departmental bulletin pape
Book review, Tomohiro Yakuwa, Japanese history of reading and writing (Yomikaki no Nihon shi)
Get PDF著者の見解では，①日本の伝統社会における識字が書き言葉としての変体漢文を採用するところから，教育における訓練と習熟の必要を生じたが，近世の寺子屋において，その到達度には差異がみられた。②近世日本におけるリテラシーの構造について，代表的な文字文化の世界が上位に，実務的な文書操作の世界が下位にあり，寺子屋は後者の準備過程に位置づけることができる。③ほとんどの人が読み書きできるようになるのは，近代学校教育の成果だが，それは近世の識字とは質を異にするものであった。これをうけて評者は，個別の寺子屋では教育水準の格差が明らかだが，寺子屋教育の共通化傾向の中には，近世的な普通教育への志向がみられたことを指摘する。In the author's opinion, (1) Literacy in traditional Japanese society adopted variant Chinese as a written language, which created the need for training and mastery in education, but there are differences in the level of attainment in early modern terakoya. (2) Regarding the structure of literacy in early modern Japan, the world of typical written culture was at the top, and the world of practical document manipulation was at the bottom, and terakoya could be positioned in the preparation process for the latter. (3) The ability of most people to read and write is a result of modern school education, but the quality of this was different from early modern literacy. In response to this, commentators point out that although there are clear disparities in educational standards among individual terakoya schools, the tendency to standardize terakoya education reflects an early modern orientation towards general education.書評(Book Review)departmental bulletin pape
Sublimation of the ethical order of Chinese society through social credit
Get PDFThis research proposes an alternative hypothesis to explain why China is developing Social Credit Systems (SCS), which score and regulate human behavior through rewards and punishments. Current explanations often cite traditional culture, economics, politics, and governance. However, the study argues that these justifications fail to provide a comprehensive theory encompassing China's socio-cultural development.
The alternative hypothesis is based on Hegel's concept of Ethical Life (Sittlichkeit) as provided in the Objective Spirit (Objektiver Geist), highlighting the role of societal institutions in individual development through their interactions. The study posits that frequent social upheavals over the past century of China's history have created intergenerational trust deficits as a result of disruptions to this Sittlichkeit. The Chinese government is therefore using SCS as a form of social engineering to address these deficits.thesi
K-bars, K-boys & the K-boom : Korean gay space, place, and identity in Japan and Asia
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Марк Слоним в истории русской эмигрантской литературы
Get PDFロシア出身の文学者マルク・スローニムについて、彼の記した「ロシア文学史」をロシア文学史そのものの研究史や、ロシア文学に対するアプローチの歴史の中に位置付け、先駆者であるドミトリー・スビャトポルク＝ミルスキーや、グレープ・ストルーヴェといった人物の記した英文の「ロシア文学史」との比較によりスローニム自身の「亡命ロシア文学」に対する変化を、新たに公開されたアーカイヴ資料やCIA資料の中に考察する。This paper deals with the history of writing "History of Russian Literature" in the biography of Russian émigré literary scholar Marc Slonim in light of recent researches on his Italian period(Garzonio) and the period of Sarah Lawrence College(Frazier). Comparing his books with those of his precursors(Mirsky and Struve), this paper sheds light on his ignorance of Russian émigré literature in his books and his active participation to help Russian émigré writers of the Third Wave(Sinyavsky and Daniel). Based on the archival materials from Boston University and CIA archival documents, this paper examines the works of Slonim on Russian émigré literature.グローバル地域文化学部開設10周年記念号論文(Article)departmental bulletin pape
The principle in the formation of Fujita Shozo's concept of 'experience' and Its evolvement
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Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), reparations, judgement (ICJ, 9 February 2022)
Get PDF2022年に国際司法裁判所(ICJ)が下したコンゴ領土における武力活動事件の賠償判決は、ICJが武力行使の禁止に違反した国家が負うべき金銭賠償額をはじめて定量化した事例であるため、極めて重要な意味を持つ。本判決は、jus ad bellum違反の帰結とjus in bello違反の帰結の関係を考えるうえでも示唆に富んでいる。さらにICJは、原告が直面した証拠上の困難を克服するために，衡平の考慮など様々な手法を採用した。The 2022 reparations judgement in the Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo case, issued by the International Court of Justice, represents a pivotal moment as the first instance of jurisprudence in which the Court quantified compensation owed by a State for violating the prohibition of the use of force. This judgement provides valuable insights into the relationship between the consequences of violating jus ad bellum and those of violating jus in bello. Furthermore, the Court adopted various methods to overcome the evidential challenges faced by the applicant.判例研究(Case Study)departmental bulletin pape
