Niigata University of International and Information Studies (NUIS) Repository / 新潟国際情報大学機関リポジトリ
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Corporate Governance from the Perspective of the Bounded Ethicality
Get PDF規範的企業倫理では、良心を持つ人が理性に従って判断し、倫理的行動することが前提条件となっている。仮にもし、良心を持つ人が悪意なしに意図せずして非倫理的行動に出てしまう行為があるならば、規範的企業倫理ではその行動パターンの存在を見落としてしまう。一方、規範的企業倫理を補完する行動的企業倫理は、意図せずして非倫理的行動に出る人の心理現象と心理プロセスの解明に焦点を絞っており、これからのコーポレート・ガバナンスには有効なアプローチである。意図せずして非倫理的行動に出る行為を、行動的企業倫理では「限定された倫理性」という概念で説明し、「限定された倫理性」を引き起こす状況要因について本論で検討した。そして、その「限定された倫理性」の要因の中で、ビジネス上の利益相反に関係している現象である「動機付けられた見落とし」について焦点を当て、現代の大企業で実施されている会計監査の弱点を指摘し、この行動的企業倫理で展開されている対策案について述べる。departmental bulletin pape
ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS LOSS AND SYSTEM RISK CAUSED BY NONSTANDARD AND EXCESSIVE QUALITY
Get PDFThe loss function by Professor G.Taguchi is defined by the quality as "losses to be given to society after shipment, but excluding losses due to the function itself". Furthermore, he proposed an evaluation with a loss function that approximates that the loss is proportional to the square of the deviation from the target, and it was economically reasonable that the quality control using the standard deviation and the least squares method are appropriate. The probability distribution of the quality of main manufacturing parts (hybrid integrated chips) used in products is assumed to be a normal distribution. The distribution function gives the probability density function of the quality measurements for the individual products, and we here introduce a major loss function in quality engineering. Generally, the shipping-side standard and the receiving-side standard differ; therefore, the underquality and overquality are analyzed. The loss cost significantly fluctuates because of product quality problems, process lead time, and so forth, thereby affecting the profit risk. These system risks can be mathematically analyzed. We report calculation results for process risk probability based on actual data.journal articl
Translanguaging in the Japanese Tertiary Context: Student Perceptions and Pedagogical Implications
Get PDFAlthough much research has been conducted into how languages interact in social practice in multilingual contexts, little understanding exists how this interaction affects learning particularly in the Japanese tertiary context. This study offers insights into the benefits of translanguaging as a tool to increase learner interest in Language led Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) or Soft CLIL classes. Sample classroom activities will be presented to illustrate strategic L1 usage and within instruction. This will be followed by qualitative results in the form of student comments from an open-ended questionnaire administered to small sample of Japanese first year university students demonstrated that strategic L1 usage appeared to increase learner interest in topics covered in Soft CLIL classes.
As results were preliminary future studies increasing sample size or adding a quantitative research may offer more definitive information with regard to the benefits of translanguaging in this specific CLIL context.departmental bulletin pape
Desire to be thin and relationship between ideal body shape and actual body shape in Japanese women student. ? Attempt to make an objective appraisal of ideal body shapes through choice of models with well-defined body measurements ?
Get PDF本研究では女子学生の理想体型を明らかにするために、形態数値の明らかな12名の女子学生モデル（BMIが15.5～25.8 kg/m2）の中から理想体型を選択させ、被験者の実測体型との関連についても検討した。被験者は女子学生322名（年齢19.8±1.9歳、身長159.5±5.6cm、体重52.9±7.9㎏、BMI20.8±2.8 kg/m2）であった。アンケートにより理想とする形態数値（数値理想体型）などを回答してもらうとともに、理想体型モデルを選択させてその形態数値を用いて分析した。現状よりも「痩せたい」と回答した女子学生は85.7%（276名）であり、主な痩せたい理由については「スタイルを良くしたい」（37.7%），「太いから」（34.8%），「着たい服があるから」（12.7%）などであった。数値理想体型は、身長161.1±4.6cm、体重48.2±4.6㎏、BMI18.6±1.4kg/m2、バスト85.4±5.5m、ウエスト60.0±4.3cm、ヒップ83.4±5.8cmであり、これらは実測体型それぞれの数値と有意な相関関係が数多く認められた。一方、理想体型モデルの数値は、脚長72.3±2.4cm（理想身長比46.1%）、指極159.1±3.7cm（101.6%）、体重43.8±5.7㎏、BMI17.8±1.9 kg/m2、バスト79.5±3.8cm（50.8%）、ウエスト60.7±2.9cm（38.8%）、ヒップ83.5±3.8cm（53.3%）などであり、これらの数値は実測体型それぞれの数値との間にほとんど有意な相関関係は認められなかった。数値理想体型とともに 理想体型モデルの数値を用いて理想とする体型の数値を求めると、身長161.1㎝、体重46.2㎏、BMI17.8kg/m2、バスト85.4㎝、ウエスト62.5㎝、ヒップ85.9㎝であり、またこれらの他には脚長74.3㎝、指極163.7㎝、上腕囲23.2㎝、前腕囲21.7㎝、大腿囲50.9㎝、下腿囲32.2㎝、足首囲21.7cmなどであった。以上の結果から、形態数値の明らかな理想体型モデルの選択によって日本人若年女性の理想体型のより客観的数値が求められ、この数値は女子学生自身の体型数値とはほぼ無関係であることなどが明らかとなった。In this study, subjects were asked to select ideal body shapes from among twelve women student models (BMI of 15.5 – 25.8kg/m2) with well-defined body measurements, and the relationship with the subjects’ actual body shape was examined, in order to clarify the ideal body shape of women students. The subjects were 322 women students (age 19.8±1.9yr, height 159.5±5.6cm, weight 52.9 ±7.9kg, BMI 20.8±2.8kg/m2). As well as being asked in a questionnaire to give what they considered to be ideal body measurements (ideal body shape measurements), they were also asked to select a model with an ideal body shape and analysis was carried out based on those body measurements. Eighty-six percent (n=276) of the subjects replied that they wanted to be thinner than they were at present giving the following main reasons: “I want to have a better figure,” (37.7%), “Because I’m too fat,” (34.8%), or “Because there’s something I want to wear,” (12.7%). Ideal body shape measurements were as follows: height 161.1±4.6cm, weight 48.2±4.6kg, BMI 18.6±1.4kg/m2, bust 85.4±5.5cm, waist 60.0±4.3cm, hip 83.4±5.8cm. Many of those were seen to have a significant correlation with actual body shape measurements. On the other hand, measurements of ideal body shape models were: leg length 72.3±2.4cm (46.1% of ideal height), arm span 159.1±3.7cm (101.6%), weight 43.8±5.7kg, BMI 17.8±1.9kg/m2, bust 79.5±3.8cm (50.8%), waist 60.7±2.9cm (38.8%), hip 83.5±3.8cm (53.3%), and virtually no significant correlation was recognized between these measurements and actual body shape measurements. When body shape measurements considered ideal were sought using ideal body shape model measurements along with ideal body shape measurements, the results were: height 161.1cm, weight 46.2kg, BMI 17.8kg/m2, bust 85.4cm, waist 62.5cm, hip 85.9cm, leg length 74.3cm, arm span 163.7cm, upper arm girth 23.2cm, fore arm girth 21.7cm, thigh girth 50.9cm, calf girth 32.2cm, ankle girth 21.7cm. These results show that, through the choice of ideal body shape model with well-defined body measurements, more objective measurements for ideal body shape are sought by young Japanese women and these measurements have virtually nothing to do with the actual body measurements of the women students themselves.departmental bulletin pape
CHARACTERISTIC SIMILARITY OF PRODUCTION KEY ELEMENTS GREATLY AFFECTING PROFIT OF A PRODUCTIVE BUSINESS
Get PDFIn this study, we illustrate that the lead time, inventory, and rate of return deviation time series for production processes exhibit similar power-law distribution characteristics by analyzing the actual data. Lead time and inventory are considered to be autonomous distributed systems involving multiple oscillators, and the Kuramoto model is used to represent the synchronization phenomena. As an evidence for the existence of power-law characteristics, we depict that their behaviors demonstrate uctuations and on-off intermittency that can be represented using Langevin dynamics. Finally, we verify that all the three parameters depict power-law distributions using actual data.journal articl
PROCESS-DELAY MODEL ESTIMATION AND RISK-AVOIDANCE
Get PDFWe propose the production process with time delay as the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process in finance theory, which is a mathematical model of a mass-production process with a production delay. We also estimate the expected value and variance of the throughput of the whole period by utilizing Kalman flter theory, which is used for state estimation in control theory under the incomplete information is available for the whole period of the manufacturing process. Further, we propose an empirical equation,which represents a product value at the exit of the production process. For the theoretical verifcation, we present a numerical simulation.journal articl
PRODUCTION MODEL USING AN ASYMMETRIC SIMPLE EXCLUSION PROCESS
Get PDFIn manufacturing, improving throughput to secure management profit is important. We have been promoting a production flow system for improving productivity. Here we propose a lot-casting process, namely, the asymmetric simple exclusion process, to improve throughput. The main cause of production retention between processes is considered to be that different processes operate at different speeds, that is, the problem of working ability. Waiting-time constraints (idle time) occur between processes because of capacity differences. We use Burgers equation from statistical mechanics to analyze process retention. We propose that the nonlinear characteristics of Burgers equation correspond to an asynchronous state in the process. In contrast, the linear characteristics of Burgers equation correspond to the synchronous state of the process, that is, the state in which the throughput is maximized.journal articl
Traditional use of the seaweed, Laminaria, as food around Northeast Asia: Japan, Korea, China, and the Russian Far East
Get PDFThe seaweed, Laminaria, is a popular food around Northeast Asia. It had also been used in traditional Chinese medicine, although it did not grow wild in China before the early 20th century. The Chinese word kunbu means traditional medicine in Chinese herbalism and is the origin of the Japanese word kombu （Laminaria）. There are many examples of written references to Laminaria as a food in Japanese historical documents, as well as those of Ainu and Nivkh peoples. Traditional Laminaria recipes in Japan and Korea seem to have more variety than those in China, suggesting that Japanese and Korean people have used Laminaria as a traditional food longer than in China. Russian people began to eat Laminaria after capturing their Far East territory along the sea of Japan in the late 19th century. Their Laminaria recipes appear similar to Chinese and Korean recipes. The Japanese have long used Laminaria as an important food in ritual ceremonies, but the reasons for this are not clear. Cross-disciplinary studies are required to address this question.departmental bulletin pape
<<Research Note>> A Semiotic Study of Pictograms in the Guide Display
Get PDF本稿では、施設等を表す案内表示に用いられているピクトグラム（絵記号）について、その情報伝達機能を分析するための観点を提示することを試みる。 ピクトグラムは視覚的な記号であり、一定のデザインによって施設等に関する情報を表すものであるが、そこには複数の記号原理が共存することが認められる。そこで本稿では、はじめにピクトグラムの情報伝達機能を支える記号原理を概観のうえ、その非言語コミュニケーション機能を分析するうえで必要ないくつかの観点を提示する。 具体的には、（1）類像性の観点から見る記号表現と指示対象との関係 （2）類像性と約定性の相関関係 （3）記号表現の構成性 （4）記号内容のコンテクスト依存度、という 4 つの観点を挙げ、ピクトグラムによる情報伝達を総合的に分析するための指標として示すものである。departmental bulletin pape
IMPROVEMENT OF INITIAL TROUBLE WITH A CERTAIN PRODUCT GROUP OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Get PDFElectronic components that are on the boundaries of acceptable quality often experience unstable states, which may cause abnormal behavior in equipment. For example, this product seems to be distinctive when parts susceptible to 1/f noise are used. When multiple noise-sensitive parts are used, an abnormality appears due to the infuence of the external environment, which is high temperature and humidity in Japan. Many abnormalities are found when multiple 1/f noise-sensitive parts are used. However, no abnormality is found when these noise-sensitive parts are removed from the device. The rate of quality defects in the parts examined in this study is about 3%. To ensure high manufacturing quality, it is essential that engineers are able to mathematically model and predict this phenomenon. We introduced a potential function with the quality boundary width as a variable and we assumed that the width changes stochastically. We also improved component quality using Ginzburg and Landau (GL) free energy to model the quality boundary region and by evaluating the potential function. As a result, we were able to reduce the probability of quality abnormality from 3% to 0.5%.journal articl