Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
Not a member yet
1263 research outputs found
Sort by
GENETIC AND CHEMICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGE RYE LEAF RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA F.SP. SECALIS) IN NATURAL CONDITIONS FROM MARGINAL AREAS
Get PDFPathogens and pests are predicted to spread to areas where they were previously irrelevant due to climate change and human-induced changes, posing new management issues for crops, especially in cropping systems based on minimal cereal crop diversification. In temperate areas of Central and Eastern Europe, rye (Secale cereale) is a minor cereal that contributes to crops diversification particularly in marginal situations where soil and climate are unfavorable for wheat production. During 2021-2022 growing season, a plant–pest-pathogen interaction profile was observed on four rye genotypes (Binnto, Inspector, Serafino, Suceveana) and also was observed the effect of different chemical and biological pesticide formulations on rye leaf rust in a randomized complete block design with three replications in dry area from Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni in South of Romania. Among all evaluated rye genotypes the greatest resistance was noticed in Serafino that recorded the lowest AUDPC value (51,76), while the most susceptible was Suceveana genotype with AUDPC = 279,55. The best protection against leaf rust was provided by Poliversum (the 1st assessment – attack degree = 3,23%; the 2nd assessment – attack degree = 7,56%). Negative and significant correlation of leaf rust attack degrees with grain yield (r =-0,9393***) were found during 2021-2022 cropping season
RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURE AND ABUNDANCE OF BEETLES (ORD. COLEOPTERA)FROM SOME CORN CROPS IN NORTHERN MOLDOVA-ROMANIA
Get PDFWithin this station, three experimental variants were initiated that targeted the preceding culture. Therefore, the variants studied were: V1 maize in monoculture; V2 corn after sunflower; V3 corn after wheat. Barber-type soil traps were used to collect biological material, they worked continuously from April to July 2021, where a number of 5 collections were made for each variant. Barber traps consist of plastic containers of approx. 10-12 centimeters high and about 8-10 centimeters in diameter in which I used a salt solution (NaCl) with a concentration of about 20% as fixing liquid. Six traps were used for each experimental variant. Samples were collected at 12-15 day intervals when we changed the fixative – saline solution, replenished or, if necessary, replaced. The collected species were cleaned of all plant remains, other impurities, and then the coleoptera species were selected separately, and with the help of determinants they were identified. The structure, dynamics and abundance of coleopteran species were then determined according to each experimental variant, and the most frequently collected were: Tanymecus dilaticollis, Epicometis hirta, Coccinela 7- punctata, Harpalus calceatus, Harpalus distinguendus Formіcomus pedestrіs, Phyllotreta vittula, Opatrum sabulosum and Pentodonidiota
COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE QUALITY OF THE WORK OF THE COMBINED EQUIPMENT FOR SHREDDING AND INCORPORATING VEGETABLE RESIDUES COMPARED TO THE AGGREGATE SHREDDER OF VEGETABLE RESIDUES WITH THE U650 TRACTOR
Get PDFIn practice, the operation of destroying plant residues is carried out separately, in general the equipment is mounted on the back of the tractor. Equipment for destroying plant residues such as cutters, platforms with rotors, shredders, etc. is known. which works in aggregate with the tractor. The disadvantages of these equipments consist in the fact that they work independently and only carry out the operation of destroying plant remains and leaving them on the ground, in the technology being the additional passage on the same land for incorporation, which involves fuel consumption, pollution. ground subsidence etc. The combined equipment for shredding and incorporating plant residues eliminates these disadvantages, mainly because the operations are performed in a single pass. The advantage of using this mechanism consists in facilitating operations and increasing productivity with reduced time and fuel costs, at the same time meeting environmental protection requirements by reducing land subsidence and noxes produced by double tillage. Another advantage consists in avoiding the accumulation of plant debris in front of the active organs of the plow and removing it from the furrow, in case the unshredded material would remain on the ground
THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPKIN SEEDS (CUCURBITA MAXIMA DUCH.) CULTIVATED IN THE SOUTH OF OLTENIA
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to provide information on the physico-chemical characteristics of the seeds of pumpkin varieties and genotypes, grown on the sandy soils of southern Oltenia. Different physico-chemical characteristics of whole pumpkin seeds were analyzed. So, the length, width and thickness recorded, in the two years of the study, average values between 17.26 -20.58 mm; 11.06 - 11.74 mm; and 4.11 - 4.55 mm in 2021, respectively 17.64 - 22.10 mm; 10.67 -12.80 mm and 3.77 - 4.93 mm, in the year 2022. Seed weight, another characteristic determined, varied in the two years of the study between 0.26 – 0.32g (2021) and 0.25 – 0.46g (2022). Based on the measurements, sphericity and shape indices were calculated. Regarding the chemical composition of pumpkin seeds, in 2022 the content of moisture, protein and oil was determined
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR CONTROLLING THE MAIZE LEAF WEEVIL (TANYMECUS DILATICOLLIS GYLL) IN THE GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Get PDFMaize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll) is the most dangerous pest of the maize crop in the south and southeast of Romania. Each year there were attacked one million hectares cultivated with maize were. In case of high pest pressure, weevils can destroy maize plants. After the ban on neonicotinoids, no active ingredients are available in Romania for maize seed treatments to control this pest. This study there were evaluated the effectiveness of three entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (strains BbTd, BbTy), B. pseudobassiana (BpPA), and Metarhizium anisopliae (MaF), for controlling the T. dilaticollis weevils, in the greenhouse conditions, using high pest pressure (4 weevils/plant). It has sowed maize in plastic pots. After the plant's emergence, it added insects collected from the field and it was pulverized solutions with entomopathogenic fungus at each variant. It has assessed phytotoxicity, attack incidence (%), attack intensity on a scale from 1 (plants not attacked) to 9 (plants destroyed), plant heights, and weevils mortality at eight days after infections with entomopathogenic fungi. The conditions of the high pest pressure from the greenhouse it has registered lower weevils mortality. Only in the case of M. anisopliae (MaF) and B. bassiana (BbTy) weevils was mortality higher than 10 %. At all experimental variants from the greenhouse, attack incidence was 100 %, while attack intensity ranged from 8.75 in the control variant to 7.10 in the case of M. anisopliae (MaF) fungus. In this study, there weren’t significant statistical differences between control and treated variants concerning both weevils attack intensity and mortality (p<0.05)
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF A CERTAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS CULTIVATED FOR FEED IN OLTENIA CENTRAL AREA
Get PDFSetting the feed crops assortment is one of the actual problems. The main concern represents the setting of the species and varieties with maximum production potential in the existent ecopedological conditions (Cotigă, C.2012). In this regard, are preferred the species of which technology are fully mechanized, among which is also the feed sorghum culture. If we refer to sorghum culture to provide feed base, among hybrids that we consider for research is remarked ES ALIZE and ES FOEHN, which can provide a production of 7-8 t/ha s.u. beans and strains + leaves of 8-9 t/ha s.u
STUDIES ON THE SPECIES PRIMULA OFFICINALIS HILL. FOR THEPURPOSE OF ESTABLISHING ECOLOGICAL CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
Get PDFThese researches were carried out in order to introduce the species Primula officinalis into the culture and to establish an ecological cultivation technology.
The species Primula officinalis Hill., synonymous with Primula veris L., popularly known as cowslip, common cowslip or cowslip primrose, is a perennial, herbaceous species, being one of the 400 species of the Primula genus. In some countries from Europe, this species is on the verge of extinction, due to intensive harvesting from the spontaneous flora, grazing, deforestation and alpine herbicides. In Romania, Primula grows spontaneously, starting from the lowlands, on hills, pastures, alpine meadows, up to approximately 2300 - 2400 m altitude. It is known in folk medicine as having multiple phytotherapeutic uses. Primula has been used since the Middle Ages for the treatment of gout, headaches, migraines. The saponins found in the rhizomes and flowers are used in the phytotherapeutic treatment of bronchitis and colds due to their expectorant effects. The paper presents results regarding the influence of the nutrition space on some elements of growth and development in the species Primula officinalis, with a determining role in the amount of vegetable mass obtained
EFFECT OF FLOWER THINNING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ‘`STANLEY`’ PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.)
Get PDFPlum is the most important fruit crop for cultivation in Serbia. However, a small amount of plum fruit is sold as fresh fruit due to its poor quality. In order to improve fruit quality and obtain regular and high yield chemical blossom thinning agents were applied. The experiment was conducted on seven-year-old plum trees of cultivar `Stanley` which were planted on distance 5x5 m. Ammonium thiosulphate and ethephon were applied in the next treatments: 1) ammonium thiosulphate 1.5% (ATS); 2) ethephon 0.015% (E); 3) ammonium thiosulphate 1.5% + ethephon 0.015% (ATS + E); 4) hand thinning (HT); 5) untreated control treatment (UTC). Chemical thinning treatments were performed once during the phase of full bloom, while hand thinning treatment was performed after the fall of unfertilized fruitlets at the end of May. Parameters analyzed were yield, fruit size, fruit weight, pit weight, fruit firmness, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, total acid content and the amount of harvested fruits per time unit. The obtained results have shown that ATS + E, ATS and HT treatments significantly reduced the number of fruits on the trees compared to the control treatment. However, yield per tree was reduced significantly only in the ATS + E treatment. Other treatments compensated for the smaller number of fruits per tree with a significantly larger fruit size. Since the fruit size was larger on treated trees, the amount of harvested fruits per time unit was significant compared to control treatment. There were no significant differences among the applied treatments in terms of fruit firmness, soluble solids and total acid content
PRELIMINARY DATA REGARDING THE SAPROXYLIC SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) IN ROSCI0045 CORIDORUL JIULUI, ROMANIA
Get PDFObservations carried out in May-September 2022 in CoridorulJiului, a Natura 2000 area located in the south-western part of Romania, highlighted 16 species of Cerambycidae beetles. The landscape, local climate and forest management impact the diversity and distribution of these species in the site. All species have been listed on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, of which, Cerambyx cerdo, Rosalia alpina and Morimus asper funereus are also included in the Natura 2000 network. Five species were recorded for the first time in this area. Furthermore, another species noted, Isotomus speciosus, is a rare species in many European countries. The saproxylic character of these beetles makes them an essential participant within the forest ecosystem, which is why a responsible management of the forests in the Coridorul Jiului area is necessary to maintain the populations of these coleopterans on a stable trend
PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF THE CHOROLOGY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE INVASIVE PLANTS FOUND ON THE COPANITA ISLAND IN THE DANUBE VALLEY, ROMANIA
Get PDFThe intensive abiotic activity, but not only that, has brought about the invasion of allochtone (non-native) species in the natural and semi-natural degraded ecosystems in our country. The invasive species influence the succesional dynamics and the floristic composition of the plant communities, occupying increasingly more and more space. Biological invasion of the invasive plants is considered to be one of the most serious threats to biodiversity in alluvial and meadow vegetation. The effects of the invasive alien plants, on the flora and plant communities structure of the alluvial and meadow vegetation were investigated at Copănița Island in the Danube Valley. The researched territory is part of the ROSCI0045 Coridorul Jiului Protected Area. In order to control the introduction and expansion of invasive plants, as well as the anthropogenic impact of these species on biodiversity, a number of measures for the protection and proper management of invasive plants in riparian areas need to be defined and implemented. In the researched area, 22 invasive species were identified, for some of them new locations were established for Romania or Oltenia. Several species were identified for the first time in Oltenia or a second location was identified for Romania, such as the Conyza sumatremsis. is found for the first time in Romania. The management is most effective when the invasion is detected early and comprehensive control measures are implemented quickly, any effect is thus limited. Therefore, early identification of the areas in which efforts should be concentrated (e.g. prevention, elimination and monitoring) is essential for cost-effective management. All the invasive species strongly affect biodiversity within natural habitats