Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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PHYSIOLOGICAL MODIFICATIONS IN PRUNUS AVIUM L. AS A RESULT OF THE ATTACK PRODUCED BY STIGMINA CARPOPHILA (LÉV.) M.B.ELLIS
Get PDFThe research regarding physiological modifications produced by Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B.Elliswas performed in Prunus avium L. cultivated in the climatic conditions in Oltenia region. In the leaves of the Prunus avium L. attacked by Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B.Ellisis observed that the photosynthesis and transpiration intensity is similar to that in healthy leaves, but the recorded values are lower as a result of the reduction of the assimilation surface due to the formation of spots and necrosis on the leaves. The water content has lower values in the leaves of plants attacked by the pathogen, fact highlighted by the withering and drying of the leaves and the chlorophyll content also has lower values, which is correlated with the intensity of photosynthesis
RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEM ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHERNOZEM CULTIVATED WITH MAIZE FROM THE URZICUTA LOCALITY, DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA
Get PDFThe influence of the applyed system of practices on the soil`s properties gives indicators that are important for preserving soil fertility and for assessing the sustainability of the system. The preservation of te soil`s fertility involves the application of a system of practices that corellates the cultivation requirements of the plant with the changes induced in the soil, while ensuring the improvement of the soil`s properties, while also ensuring that large and constant yields are obtained. In order to analyze the influence of the cultivation technology on the properties of the soil cultivated with maize from the Urzicuţa locality, Dolj county, Romania, in 2019 an experiment was made, in which A represents the applied soil practices (a1-conventional and a2 - minimum tillage) with control and fertilized variants, as following - b1-unfertilized, b2-N100P50K0, b3-N100P50K50, b4-N150P50K50 and b5-N100P0K0. The following soil chemical analyses were performed - the soil`s pH reaction, humus content, total Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Copper, Zinc, Iron and Manganese in mobile forms. To determinate the physical properties bulk density, total porosity and the degree of compaction. Applying the minimum tillage system practices showed that there are no significant changes in terms of bulk density, total porosity and degree of compaction, but the Chernozem on which the research was performed, has a high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to the conventional system variants
ALGAE COMPOSTING AND THE USE OF COMPOST OBTAINED AS FERTILIZER FOR ORGANIC FARMING
Get PDFComposting is a cheap and efficient management approach for recycling organic waste, but also an alternative to landfills. Recycling algae into composts has also proven to be an ecological alternative for reducing beach pollution and water eutrophication. There is a growing interest in the use of algae-based fertilizers as they maintain organic farming and contribute to a significant increase in agricultural productivity. This paper presents the particularities of algae as a raw material for composting, the types of composting methods, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of algaebased fertilizers in terms of agricultural cultivation
EVALUATION OF THE ECOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN TURDA WINE CENTER AND ASSESSMENT OF OENOCLIMATIC APTITUDE
Get PDFVines act as indicators in relation with ecoclimatic changes and they are particularly sensitive to temperature and precipitation changes.Temperature is a limiting factor and define the distribution area for all plants. Climate change in viticulture is characterized by air temperature increase, rain reduction, intensification of extreme events, mild winter and heat shock in summer but with frost in April-May.The main objective of this paper is to present the climatic conditions such as temperature, insolation, rainfall and the interaction of these parameters in Turda viticulture area, in the last years (2009-2019), in order to assess the oenological potential of the area. Comparing the thermal coefficient values (Ct) of our country (situated between the values 16-19), we can conclude that, in Turda area there is sufficient thermal resources for vine growth and fruition. Insolation and precipitations are in normal parameters for viticulture. The values of the real heliothermic index (IHr), hydrothermal coefficient (CH) and wine bioclimatic index (Ibcv) recorded in Turda winegrowing area (IHr=2.0; CH=1.3 and Ibcv=6.1) show that the ecoclimatic conditions from the studied area is favorable, that makes possible the production of grapes for white wines of high quality but also quality red wines, in some years
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE ENTOMOFAUNA OF COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA-COCCINELLIDAE) FROM THE WHEAT CROP FROM THE NORTH-EAST PART OF MOLDAVIA
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is that to identify the useful entomofauna of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera-Coccinellidae) within the maize crop that has been taken into this study. The researches were carried out within Ezareni station which belongs to University of Appled Sciences of Iasi, Romania. The biological material was sampled by the mean of entomological net from May 12th to June 19h of 2018. In total, 7 samples were made. In order to collect insects, 10 plants were hiten for one minute each one. After finishing the experiments within the field, the insects were brought into the Laboratory of Entomology, in order to be counted and identified. From the Coccinellidae family, the most dominant species were:Â Coccinella septempunctata (32 samples) and Adalia bipunctata (27 samples) and Harmonia axyridis (16 samples)
THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL ELEMENTS ON THE WINTER TRITICALE YIELD
Get PDFThe paper presents the 4-year data on the behaviour of local winter triticale varieties Ingen 35 and Ingen 93 in multifactorial field experiments. The highest yields of winter triticale varieties were recorded after the forerunner grain peas: Ingen 35 - 3632 kg/ha and Ingen 93 - 3744 kg/ha. Referring to the planting dates, the highest yields were recorded on the optimal planting dates. Ingen 35 variety provided yields at the level of 4265 kg/ha after the forerunner grain peas, 3448 kg/ha after the forerunner vetch-oat and 2770 kg/ha after the forerunner sunflower. The Ingen 93 variety recorded yields of 4176 kg/ha after the forerunner grain peas, 3778 kg/ha after vetch-oat and 2929 kg/ha after the forerunner sunflower. In the case of the seeding rate, the highest yields were obtained for the variant 5.0 mln/ha, which ensured 3161 kg/ha for the Ingen 93 variety and 3077 kg/ha for the Ingen 35 variety. The dominant influence degree on the grain production belongs to the forerunner crop: 67.11% for Ingen 35 and 73.16% for Ingen 93. The influence of the planting dates was of 31.92% and 25.56% respectively for the varieties. The highest percentage of protein content was recorded after the forerunner grain peas – 14.11% for the Ingen 93 variety. It was established the tendency to increase the protein content from the optimal to the late planting dates for both varieties and after all forerunner crops.The highest protein yield was recorded after the forerunner grain peas in both varieties: 426.1 kg/ha for Ingen 35 and 435.5 kg/ha for Ingen 93
CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTMENTS MADE IN THE FIELD OF MILK PROCESSING WITH NON-REFUNDABLE FUNDS IN THE OLTENIA REGION
Get PDFMilk processing is a very important sector of the food industry in Romania, which has a direct link on increasing the competitiveness of the national economy, but also on ensuring food security. Through the National Rural Development Program, nonreimbursable funds can be accessed for the development of milk processing capacities, through Sub-measure 4.2.- "Support for investments in the processing / marketing and / or development of agricultural products". In the milk processing units, at national level, in the period 2015 - 2019, through this submeasure, 83 projects were financed, with an eligible value of 126,318,709 euros, and the public value of 63,533,682 euros. At the level of the South - West Oltenia Region, 8 projects were selected, the eligible value of the selected projects in this region is 18,093,625 euros, and their public value is 9,416,812 euros, in the period 2015 - 2019
STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF POTATO AVAILABILITY AND CONSUMPTION AT NATIONAL LEVEL, IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT (2011-2013)
Get PDFThe importance of potato cultivation is highlighted by aspects that refer to the use of this product from a food, industrial, export, economic and agrotechnical point of view. The potato can be used in food, both unprocessed and in processed form, its nutritional value being determined by the chemical composition of the tubers which differs depending on the variety and the degree of maturation. The industrial importance of the early potato is highlighted by its use for the manufacture of alcohol, starch, glucose and dextrin. In the case of Romania, from the point of view of the components of the balance, it is worth noting its surplus character (+25.9 thousand t), a situation different from the world and community one
RESULTS REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE YEAR 2020 ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE ATTACK OF PATHOGENS FROM THE VINE CULTURE FROM THE SEGARCEA VITICULTURAL FARM, CRAIOVA ARCHDIOCESE, DOLJ COUNTY
Get PDFThe Archdiocese of Craiova has cultivated with vines within the locality of Segarcea an area of 40 hectares, the most representative varieties being the varieties for red wines Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and white varieties Sauvignon Blanc, Romanian Tămâioasă and Chardonnay.In the climatic conditions of the year 2020, the National Phytosanitary Authority, through the Phytosanitary Office Dolj, issued warning bulletins based on the phenological, biological and ecological criterion of the vine.The main phytopathogenic agents of the vine (Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necatox and Botryotinia fuckeliana), the evolution of the attack on the crop in correlation with the climatic conditions, the reaction of the varieties to their attack was observed
DEFINITION OF CLIMATIC AND OENOCLIMATE TRAITS FOR THE VINE CULTURE IN THE JIDVEI WINE-GROWING CENTER
Get PDFThe position of the Jidvei wine-growing center in climatic terms is favorable to its geographical location, 45°57' and 46°32' north latitude, 23°52' and 24°48' east longitude, at an altitude of 379 m, where the vine cultivation fulfills the best economic conditions. The summary of this work, from 2010 to 2020, shows that the Jidvei wine-growing center is part of the wine-growing zone A1 (Teodorescu Stt., and its collaborators, 1987), which has specific climatic characteristics for the production of only high quality white and aromatic wines, and in very favorable years also red quality wines. The raifall, insolation and temperature are in normal and favorable parameters for viticulture. The values of the heliothermal index (Ihr=1,83), the hydrothermal coefficient (CH=1,41) and the bioclimatic wine index (Ibcv=5,07) show that they are within the optimal values for viticulture in Romania. The index of oenological fitness (IAOe=4220,51) shows that the most favorable conditions for high-quality white and aromatic wines have been achieved in this wine-growing center and that, in some years, favorable average conditions for red quality wines have been achieved. There are enough arguments that define the qualities of climate friendliness and oenological favoritism in the Jidvei wine center