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Formúla 1 og íslenskir aðdáendur: Tengsl við styrktaraðila og markaðsleg áhrif
No full textÍ þessari rannsókn var kannað hvernig markaðssetning Formúlu 1 og styrktaraðilar hennar höfðu áhrif á tengsl íslenskra aðdáenda við vörumerki, viðhorf þeirra og kauphegðun. Rannsóknin byggði á megindlegri aðferð þar sem spurningakönnun var lögð fyrir 313 íslenska aðdáendur. Niðurstöðurnar sýndu að áhugi á Formúlu 1 var djúpstæður meðal þátttakenda, sérstaklega í kjölfar sjónrænna frásagna eins og Netflix þáttaraðarinnar Drive to Survive. Þrátt fyrir jákvæð viðhorf til markaðssetningar og styrktaraðila reyndust bein áhrif á kauphegðun takmörkuð nema þar sem sterk tengsl og trúverðugleiki var til staðar. Sýnileiki jók líkindi á kauphegðun en aðeins ef tengingin var talin einlæg og samræmd ímynd íþróttarinnar. Einnig kom í ljós að íslenskir aðdáendur upplifa skort á aðgengi að Formúlu 1 tengdum vörum, sem benti til ónýttra markaðstækifæra. Rannsóknin staðfesti að stafræn miðlun, upplifun og menningarlegt samhengi gegndi lykilhlutverki í því hvernig markaðssetning alþjóðlegra íþrótta hafði áhrif á neytendahegðun á minni mörkuðum
Research impact through Results-Based Management: practices, promises and pitfalls A cross-programme evaluation of Horizon Europe and the EEA and Norway Grants
No full textThis 30 ECTS MPA thesis explores the application of Results-Based Management (RBM) in the context of macro-level results frameworks in international research funding programmes. It proposes a conceptual evaluation framework grounded in a literature review and theoretical adaptations of best practices from the development sector, and applies it to two case studies. The development and application of the evaluation framework demonstrated a growing relevance of these practices in the context of international research. Horizon Europe, the EU’s framework programme for research and innovation, and the EEA and Norway Grants, implement RBM in their research programmes, enabling support for the demonstration of societal impact. However, the analysis also highlights significant challenges and limitations associated with RBM practices in this context. This indicates a need for further research and co-development of adapted best practices the dynamic research context.Þessi 30 ECTS MPA ritgerð kannar beitingu árangursmiðaðrar stjórnunar (e. Results-Based Management) í alþjóðlegum rannsóknarstyrkjaáætlunum. Rannsóknir og leiðbeiningar á þessu sviði voru kortlagðar og nýjustu nálganir úr þróunargeiranum heimfærðar yfir á rannsóknir. Í framhaldinu voru tvær tilviksrannsóknir framkvæmdar til að leggja mat á hvernig innleiðingin samræmdist þessum nálgunum. Niðurstaða verkefnisins sýnir fram á vaxandi áherslu þessara aðferða í samhengi við alþjóðlegar rannsóknir. Horizon Europe, rammaáætlun ESB um rannsóknir og nýsköpun, og Uppbyggingarsjóður EFTA, nota árangursmiðaða stjórnun í rannsóknaráætlunum sínum, sem gerir þeim kleift að sýna fram á samfélagsleg áhrif. Hins vegar dregur greiningin fram verulegar áskoranir og takmarkanir í þessu samhengi. Þetta bendir til þess að þörf sé á frekari rannsóknum og þróun á viðurkenndum nálgunum sem henta í oft ófyrirsjáanlegu samhengi rannsókna.N/
Traduzione in islandese e analisi di sei racconti dal libro «Favole al Telefono» di Gianni Rodari
No full textQuesta tesi presenta le traduzioni di sei racconti e dell'introduzione del libro Favole al telefono dello scrittore italiano Gianni Rodari , autore per l'infanzia di fama nazionale e internazionale.
Nella prima parte, offro una breve introduzione alla figura di Rodari e alle sue opere principali.
La seconda parte è dedicata all'analisi delle principali difficoltà incontrate durante il processo di traduzione, illustrando le strategie adottate per superarle.
Successivamente, discuto gli approcci teorici nel campo della traduzione, analizzando problematiche generali legate alla trasposizione linguistica e culturale.
Infine, presento le traduzioni dei sei racconti e dell'introduzione redatta da Rodari stesso.
Uno degli obiettivi di questa tesi è dimostrare come l'opera di Rodari sia profondamente influenzata dal contesto storico in cui è stata prodotta, evidenziando il legame tra gli eventi storici di una determinata nazione e l'attività creativa degli scrittori e degli artisti che li vivono
Outlet
No full textÚtrás er þjónusta við að hanna rými í skólum ætlað til hreyfingar og útrásar. Rýmin eru hönnuð í vinnustofum með og fyrir börn með ADHD sem mæta oft miklum hindrunum í skólaumhverfinu eins og ég þekki af eigin raun.
Vegna truflunar í boðefnastýringu heilans skortir börn með ADHD dópamín en áhrifaríkasta leiðin til að framleiða dópamín er með hreyfingu. Hönnun skólarýma gerir sjaldan ráð fyrir hentugum svæðum fyrir börn með ADHD, til hreyfingar og útrásar fyrir hreyfiþörf.
Rýmið á sýningunni er unnið út frá vinnustofu þar sem börn úr Fellaskóla í Fellabæ fengu að skapa sitt draumarými.Outlet is a service dedicated to designing space in schools that promote physical activity and emotional release. These spaces are developed through workshops with and for children diagnosed with ADHD, who frequently encounter significant challenges in the school environment – a reality I am personally familiar with.
Due to disruptions in their brains neurotransmitter regulation, children with ADHD often experience dopamine deficiencies. The most effective way to stimulate dopamine production is through physical movement.
The exhibition space is based on a workshop in wich children from Fellaskóli in Fellabær were intvited to create their own dream environment
Cyberbullying Among Icelandic University Students: Prevalence, Manifestations, and Perpetrators' Personality Traits
No full textDökka fjórmenningarlíkanið (e. Dark Tetrad) á persónuleikaeinkennum (þ.e. Machiavellianismi, sjálfsdýrkun (e. narcissism), siðblinda og sadismi) hefur ítrekað verið tengt við andfélagslega hegðun í stafrænu umhverfi, m.a. neteinelti. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna algengi og birtingarmyndir neteineltis meðal háskólanema ásamt forspárgildi Dark Tetrad, upplifun fórnalamba neteineltis og mynstur samfélagsmiðlanotkunar og -fíknar. Þessi rannsókn leitast við að varpa ljósi á flókið samspil persónueinkenna, netnotkunar og andfélagslegrar hegðunar á netinu. Alls tóku 71 grunnnemi við Háskóla Íslands þátt og svöruðu spurningum um athafnir sínar á netinu og persónueinkenni. Niðurstöður leiddu í ljós að neteinelti hafði jákvæða fylgni við alla fjóra persónuleikaþætti Dark Tetrad en sambandið milli sjálfsdýrkunar og neteineltis náði ekki tölfræðilegri marktekt. Niðurstöður margfaldrar línulegrar aðhvarfsgreiningar sýndu fram á að einungis fyrri upplifun þátttakenda af því að verða fyrir neteinelti (e. cyber victimization) spáði marktækt fyrir um að þeir beittu aðra neteinelti (e. cyberbullying perpetration). Hvorki Dark Tetrad né óhófleg samfélagsmiðlanotkun (e. social media disorder) reyndust marktækir forspárliðir. Viðbótargreiningar leiddu í ljós að sjálfsdýrkun og machiavellianismi höfðu tengsl við athyglissækni á samfélagsmiðlum, sem gæti haft óbein tengsl við andfélagslega hegðun á netinu. Þessar niðurstöður benda til þess að fyrri reynsla af því að verða fyrir neteinelti sé sterkari undirstaða fyrir skilning á neteinelti meðal háskólanema en andfélagsleg persónueinkenni ein og sér.
Lykilorð: Neteinelti; Dökka fjórmenningarlíkanið; Dökka þrímenningarlíkanið; Sadismi; andfélagsleg nethegðun; persónuleiki; samfélagsmiðlafíkn; Fórnalömb neteineltisDark Tetrad personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) have been linked to antisocial behaviors in digital environments such as cyberbullying. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of cyberbullying among university students, and examine the predictive roles of the Dark Tetrad personality traits, alongside victimization experiences, patterns of social media use and social media addiction. This study aimed to shed light on the complex interactions between personality traits, online activity, and engagement in digital aggression. A total of 71 undergraduate students (aged 19-25) enrolled at the University of Iceland completed the online survey on their online behaviors and dark personality traits. Cyberbullying positively correlated with all Dark Tetrad traits, however the narcissism association was not statistically significant. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only significant predictor for cyberbullying perpetration was former experience of cyberbullying victimization. while the Dark Tetrad traits and problematic social media use were not significant predictors. Additional analyses showed that narcissism and Machiavellianism were associated with attention-seeking behavior on social media, which may indirectly relate to online aggression. These findings suggest that interpersonal experiences of victimization, rather than dark personality traits alone, are central to understanding cyberbullying.
Keywords: Cyberbullying; Dark Tetrad; Dark Triad; sadism; antisocial behavior online; personality; social media addiction; bullying victimizatio
Lutter contre les îlots de chaleur urbains : évalution du potentiel des systèmes de pompe à chaleur gèothermique à boucle ouverte au Canada
No full textUrban aquifers hold significant potential for sustainable space cooling solutions to help address the growing issue of urban heat islands, yet their suitability has remained underexplored. This study presents an assessment of urban aquifer suitability for cooling with groundwater heat pump (GWHP) systems in 10 Canadian cities. A numerical model was then developed for a case study in Québec City to compare the performance and thermal impact of different open-loop geothermal systems. A favourability index in the form of a 5-point rating system was developed to classify aquifer suitability by integrating key hydrogeological properties obtained from field data. Results indicate that Vancouver, Winnipeg, and Kitchener/Waterloo/Cambridge have high suitability scores (≥4/5), while Toronto, Montréal, Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa/Gatineau, Québec City and Saskatoon score moderately (between 3/5 and 4/5).
In addition to comparing conventional GWHP and aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems, the modeling work also investigates the influence of a free cooling mode. Under the given conditions and assumed building loads, ATES systems perform slightly better than GWHP systems due to more efficient abstraction temperatures from stored thermal energy. Both system types show higher seasonal performance during cooling periods than during heating. Notably, operating with 100% free cooling yields a seasonal performance factor (SPF) of 19.1 during cooling while maintaining nearly identical performance during heating and causing minimal thermal impact on the aquifer.
This research provides valuable insights into the sustainable potential of open-loop geothermal systems for urban cooling and UHI mitigation in cold climates.Borgarfiskar hafa mikla möguleika á sjálfbærri loftkælingu til að berjast gegn hitaeyjum í þéttbýli (ICUs), þó að þessi notkun hafi verið lítið rannsökuð fram til þessa. Þessi rannsókn sýnir mat á mikilvægi þess að „nota vatnsfiska til loftræstingar með“ vatnshitavarmadælu (GWHP) kerfum í 10 helstu kanadískum borgum. Tölulegt líkan er síðan þróað fyrir Quebec City til að bera saman afköst og hitauppstreymi mismunandi jarðhitakerfa með opinni lykkju. Hagstæðisvísitala í formi 5 stiga matskerfis var þróuð með því að samþætta vatnsgeðfræðilegar upplýsingar vatnsfalla, sem gerir kleift að flokka borgir. Niðurstöðurnar sýna að Vancouver, Winnipeg og Kitchener / Waterloo / Cambridge skora hátt (≥ 4/5) en þeir í Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa / Gatineau, Quebec City og Saskatoon skora hóflega (milli 3/5 og 4/5).
Þar að auki skoðaði líkanagerð áhrif « ókeypis kælingar » (eða « ókeypis loftkæling », það er án þess að nota varmadælu). Geymslukerfi fyrir varmaorku (ATES) vega betur en GWHP afköst þökk sé skilvirkari “aðdráttarhita. Báðar gerðir kerfa sýna betri afköst á sumrin þegar litið er til ókeypis loftkælingar. Hagnýting L 'í ham 100% « ókeypis kæling » gerir kleift að fá árstíðabundinn afköstsstuðul (SPF) frá 19.1, án þess að hafa veruleg 'áhrif á'aquifer.
Þessi rannsókn býður upp á áhugaverð sjónarmið um sjálfbæra notkun opinna jarðhitakerfa fyrir loftkælingu í þéttbýli í köldu loftslagi.Les aquifères urbains présentent un fort potentiel pour une climatisation durable afin de lutter contre les îlots de chaleur urbains (ICU), bien que cette utilisation ait été peu étudiée jusqu’à maintenant. Cette étude présente une évaluation de la pertinence d’utiliser des aquifères pour la climatisation via des systèmes de pompe à chaleur géothermique d’aquifère (GWHP) dans 10 grandes villes canadiennes. Un modèle numérique est ensuite développé pour la ville de Québec afin de comparer la performance et l’impact thermique de différents systèmes géothermiques à boucle ouverte. Un indice de favorabilité sous la forme d’un système de notation sur 5 points a été développé, intégrant l’information hydrogéologiques des aquifères, permettant de classer les villes. Les résultats montrent que Vancouver, Winnipeg et Kitchener/Waterloo/Cambridge obtiennent des notes élevées (≥4/5), tandis que celles de Toronto, Montréal, Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa/Gatineau, Québec et Saskatoon sont modérées (entre 3/5 et 4/5).
Par ailleurs, les travaux de modélisation ont examiné l’impact du « free cooling » (ou de la « climatisation libre », c’est-à-dire sans utilisation de pompe à chaleur). Les systèmes de stockage d’énergie thermique d’aquifère (ATES) surpassent légèrement la performance des GWHP grâce à des températures d’abstraction plus efficaces. Les deux types de systèmes montrent une meilleure performance en période estivale lors que la climatisation libre est envisagée. L’exploitation en mode 100 % « free cooling » permet d’obtenir un facteur de performance saisonnier (SPF) de 19,1, sans avoir d’impact significatif sur l’aquifère.
Cette recherche offre des perspectives intéressantes pour l’utilisation durable des systèmes géothermiques à boucle ouverte pour la climatisation urbaine dans les climats froids.This work was funded by grant given to INRS under the Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. The author was also funded by a Canada Graduate Scholarship from NSERC for their Master’s program
Japanoise : The Sound of Social Discord
No full textThis thesis explores the phenomenon of Japanoise — Japanese noise music — as both a radical musical genre and a cultural response to post-war societal pressures. Rooted in the rejection of melody, structure, and traditional aesthetics, Japanoise challenges the very definition of music itself. Emerging in the 1970s and 1980s from Japan’s countercultural underground, it was a sonic reaction to the nation’s rapid modernization, strict social norms, and the alienation produced by corporate conformity.
The thesis investigates the genre's origins in avant-garde movements, both Western and Japanese, and its evolution through experimental instrumentation, improvisation, and extreme performativity. The thesis analyses the genre’s technical and ideological approach by drawing examples of artists such as Merzbow, Hijokaidan, and Hanatarash. The analysis focuses on genre’s fundamental techniques such as art of feedback and its role in shaping the main aesthetic of the genre.
Drawing on interviews, critical theory, and historical analysis, the work places Japanoise within the broader context of Japanese post-war identity and resistance. By examining noise music not only as an auditory experience but also as a social and political movement, this research highlights Japanoise as a form of radical expression. From the confrontational energy of live performances to the genre’s stubborn anti-commercialism, Japanoise manifests a rebellion against conformity and categorization — a chaotic, unfiltered sound of social discord that continues to resonate both in Japan and across global experimental music scenes
Development of Sodium Benzoate Tablets with Dual Burst Release: Hydrophilic Matrix System
No full textSodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, well soluble in water and is primarily known and used as a preservative due to its antifungal and antimicrobial qualities. Therefore, it is widely used in products such as medicines, foods, and cosmetics.
The aim of this research project was to develop a dosage form with a dual burst release system over an eight-hour period. The targeted dissolution profile was defined as 25% release at 30–60 minutes, 50% ± 5% at five hours, 70% ± 5% at six hours, and 90–100% at eight hours. Dual burst release system is a method for regulating active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) release in two distinct phases. This type of release system is often preferred over more conventional systems as it enhances efficacy, decreases adverse reactions and reduces dosing frequency. To achieve dual burst release, tablets with hydrophilic matrix system were developed. These tablets consist of a hydrophilic matrix system that incorporates the API. The hydrophilic polymers swell up and function as a barrier and control the release of the API.
A total of 27 formulations containing various proportions of hydrophilic polymers with specific characteristics and excipients were manufactured and tested. The formulations underwent a dissolution test and the one with the dissolution profile that most closely aligned with the goal was selected as the final formulation. F23 was chosen as a final formulation. The amount of sodium benzoate released during the initial burst averaged approximately 23%, which, although slightly below the target of 25%, was considered acceptably close. The overall dissolution profile met the goal for complete release; however, other aspects of the release profile did not fully align with the original goal. Additionally, most formulations exhibited dissolution profiles consistent with first-order kinetics. The final formulation underwent testing according to European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) standards, with inconsistent results. Although further optimization is needed, the study demonstrates the feasibility of using matrix tablets to achieve dual burst release of sodium benzoate
Suicidal behavior and ideation among 15–20-year-old adolescents
No full textFyrri rannsóknir hafa sýnt fram á að konur séu líklegri til þess að gera tilraun til sjálfsvígs en karlar eru líklegri til þess að fremja sjálfsvíg. Sállíkamleg einkenni, kvíði og þunglyndi auka líkur á sjálfsvígstilraunum, sjálfsvígshegðun og sjálfsvígshugsunum meðal ungmenna. Tilgangur þessara rannsóknar var að skoða kynjamun sjálfsvígshegðunar og sjálfsvígshugsana meðal ungmenna. Meðal annars var samband kvíða, þunglyndis og sállíkamlegra einkenna skoðuð í tengslum við sjálfsvígshugsanir og sjálfsvíghegðun. Rannsóknargögnum var safnað með könnuninni Ungt Fólk sem gerð var af Rannsóknir og Greiningu árið 2018. Úrtak rannsóknar samanstóð af ungmennum á Íslandi (N = 2000) sem voru á aldrinum 15-20 ára. Niðurstöður sýndu að karlar eru marktækt ólíklegri til að hafa sjálfsvígshugsanir en kyn hafði ekki marktæk áhrif á sjálfsvígshegðun. Sterk fylgni var á milli sjálfsvíshegðunar og aldurs og þunglyndis, ásamt því að jákvæð tengsl voru á milli sjálfsvígshugmynda og þunglyndis og sállíkamlegra einkenna. Kvíði hafði engin tengsl við sjálfsvígshegðun eða sjálfsvígshugmyndir. Þörf er á frekari rannsóknum á þróun áhættuþátta og kynjamuns með hækkandi aldri.
Lykilorð: Sjálfsvígshegðun, sjálfsvígshugmyndir, kyn, kvíði, þunglyndi, sállíkamleg einkenniThe research literature has previously shown females to be more likely to attempt suicide while males are more likely to commit suicide. Psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety and depression increase the risk of suicide attempts, suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation among young people. This study investigated the gender difference for suicidal behavior and ideation among adolescents in Iceland. In addition, the association of anxiety, depression and psychosomatic symptoms were examined in relation to suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation. The data was collected from the Youth in Iceland survey conducted in 2018 by The Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis. The sample consisted of adolescents in Iceland (N = 2000) aged 15 to 20 years old. Results showed males to be significantly less likely to engage in suicidal ideation than females. However, gender was not found as a significant predictor of suicidal behavior. Age and depression correlated strongly with suicidal behavior while depression and psychosomatic symptoms correlated with suicidal ideation. However, anxiety was not associated with either suicidal behavior or suicidal ideation in this sample. Further research is needed to investigate how risk factors and gender differences evolve with increased age.
Keywords: Suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation, gender, anxiety, depression, psychosomatic symptom
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive: Advancing Reporting Practices in Europe and Beyond - Analysing the European Sustainability Reporting Standards in Relation to Global Standards and its Impact on Corporate Sustainability
No full textThis thesis explores the transformative role of the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) in shaping corporate sustainability reporting. Positioned within the EU’s broader sustainability and finance agenda, the CSRD and ESRS reflect a paradigm shift from voluntary, fragmented disclosure practices to a mandatory, standardised reporting rooted in the principle of double materiality. This paradigm emphasises both financial implications and broader environmental and social impacts, reflecting the EU’s ambition to align corporate practices with its sustainability goals.
Through a qualitative content analysis and comparative analysis, this study examines the CSRD and ESRS in relation to two prominent global standards—the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) Standards. The thesis analyses how these standards conceptualise materiality, structure disclosures, reflect distinct objectives. It finds that while the ESRS introduce a more integrated and enforceable approach, significant challenges persist regarding implementation complexity, legal uncertainty and compliance costs. Unanswered questions around enforcement, stakeholder engagement, and materiality assessment present pressing areas for future research. As the CSRD and ESRS enter their initial phase of implementation, their ability to align corporate practices with planetary boundaries and social foundations will begin to unfold, representing a pivotal moment for the future direction of corporate sustainability. Keywords: Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, European Sustainability Reporting Standards, Corporate Sustainability, Sustainability Reporting, GRI Standards, ISSB Standard