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The effect of threosulfan-based versus busulfan-based preparation regimens on transplant outcomes
No full textBackground: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative therapy for malignant and non-malignant hematologic disorders. Conditioning regimens, such as those based on busulfan, are utilized to promote engraftment. Busulfan-based regimens are commonly employed but exhibit significant toxicity, leading to interest in alternate drugs such as treosulfan, which may offer a superior safety profile while preserving efficacy. Methods: This retrospective study examined 240 adult patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at nine transplantation centers in Türkiye from 2010 to 2024. Patients underwent either a busulfan-based or treosulfan-based conditioning regimen. Results: Engraftment was effective in both groups, with neutrophil engraftment happening earlier in the busulfan group (13 days vs. 15 days, p = 0.001). The incidence of veno-occlusive disease was significantly higher in the busulfan group (10.1 % vs. 0.9 %, p = 0.002). Cytomegalovirus infections were more prevalent in the busulfan group (51.2 % vs. 26.1 %, p < 0.001). Acute graft versus host disease occurred more frequently in the busulfan group (27.9 % vs. 18.9 %, p = 0.128); nonetheless, this difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences in relapse rates were detected through the groups. The overall survival was not reached in the busulfan group, while the treosulfan group demonstrated an overall survival of 40 months. Conclusion: Treosulfan-based conditioning regimens demonstrate similar efficacy to busulfan-based regimens while presenting a more acceptable toxicity profile. Treosulfan-based regimens also show a lower occurrence of veno-occlusive disease and cytomegalovirus infections
ÇOCUK DOSTU KENT PARAMETRELERİNİN ULUSLARARASI VE ULUSAL EYLEM PLANLARI ÜZERİNDEN TEMATİK İÇERİK ANALİZİ İLE BELİRLENMESİ
No full textTCMB İletişiminde Metin Yapısı ve Okunabilirlik Analizi: Para Politikası Basın Duyuruları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
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Küresel Isınma Tedbirleri Kapsamında Sanat Müzelerinin Pozisyonları ve Tepkileri
No full textYüzyıllar boyunca iklimsel dengenin ivmelenmesinin sonucunda canlılar için yerleşiklik kazanan özgün yaşam koşulları söz konusu olmuştur. Doğal dengeyi oluşturan koşullar, özellikle Sanayi Devrimi’nden sonra insanın doğa üzerindeki etkinliğinin artmasıyla insan kaynaklı dinamiklerden daha fazla etkilenerek şekillenmiştir. Günümüzde büyüyen endüstriyel alanlar, enerji için başvurulan fosil yakıtların kullanımını artırmıştır. Konuyla ilgili bu unsurlara bağlı olarak küresel ısınmanın günlük yaşamda hissedilmeye başlanan etkileri tedbirleri kurumsal, toplumsal ve bireysel ölçeklere kadar indirgemiştir. Bu denklemin kurumsal sekmesinde yer alan sanat müzelerinin pozisyonları ve tepkileri de son yıllardaki gelişmeler neticesinde önemli hale gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, dünyadaki iklim değişimi temelli eylemlerin sembolik mekanlarından biri haline gelen sanat müzelerinin küresel ısınmaya yönelik tepkilerini örnekler üzerinden incelemek ve pozisyonlarını seçik sanat müzeleri üzerinden netleştirmek olarak belirlenmiştir. Küresel ısınma kavramının, sanat müzelerinin perspektifinden pozisyon ve tedbir odaklı incelenmesi, çalışmanın özgün odağını teşkil etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda sanat müzelerinin rolünün netleştirilmesi, müzecilik alanında alınabilecek tedbir yöntemlerini öne çıkararak çoklu bir refleks modeli sunmaktadır. Çalışmada incelenen sanat müzelerinin, küresel ısınma tedbirleri kapsamındaki pozisyonlarının ve tepkilerinin yapısal şartlara göre geliştiği ve değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sanat müzelerinin idari, mekansal ve çevresel şartlarının tedbir yöntemlerinin ağırlık dağılımını etkilediği saptanmıştır. Konuyla ilintili ulusal ve uluslararası yazınlar analiz edilerek, bu doğrultudaki çıkarımlar bilimsel verilerle değerlendirilmiştir. Makale, sanat müzelerinin küresel ısınma konusundaki pozisyonlarını ve tedbirlere yönelik atılımlarını kapsayan yanlarıyla benzer türdeki çalışmalara çıkış noktaları sağlayabilecek nitelikler taşımaktadır.For centuries, there have been unique living conditions for living things within the cycle of climate balance. These conditions have been shaped by the increasing impact of humans on nature, especially after the Industrial Revolution. Today, industrial sectors have intensified their reliance on fossil fuels for energy production. The effects of global warming, increasingly evident in everyday life, have necessitated measures on institutional, social, and individual scales. Within the institutional framework, the attitudes and responses of art museums have gained importance. The study aims to examine the reactions of art museums, which are among the symbolic venues for action against climate change, within the scope of global warming measures through examples and to determine their stances. Examining global warming from the perspective of art museums constitutes the original focus of the study. This offers a multiple-reflex model by emphasizing the precautionary methods in the field of museums. It has been determined that the attitudes and responses of the examined art museums within the scope of global warming measures have changed and developed according to structural conditions. It has also been determined that the administrative, spatial, and environmental conditions of art museums affect the distribution of precaution methods. National and international literature has been reviewed in the study and the inferences have been evaluated using scientific data. The article has the qualities that could provide a starting point for similar studies, with its scope that covers the positions of art museums on global warming and the actions they take
Improving Ram Semen Low Cryotolerance by Replacing the Seminal Plasma With That of High-Cryotolerant Rams or Extender
No full textRam semen cryotolerance problem continues despite intensive research. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing total seminal plasma (SP) with that of high-cryotolerant rams or extender on semen quality parameters in low-cryotolerant rams. Rams previously determined as low (n = 6) and high-cryotolerant (n = 5) were used in the breeding season. High-cryotolerant rams were only included with their SP in the SP+ group. Each normospermic fresh ejaculate from low-cryotolerant rams was split into three aliquots to form the groups. The control aliquot was diluted using a two-step process. Centrifugation removed SP from the second aliquot (SP− group), and the sperm pellet was rediluted with a Tris-based extender using the same amount of SP removed. The third aliquot's SP was removed as in the SP− group, but the remaining sperm pellet was rediluted with fresh SP harvested from high-cryotolerant rams using the same amounts of removed SP in the SP+ group. Semen was rediluted with a Tris-based extender in the SP− and SP+ groups using a two-step process as in the control group. Sperm quality was similar between the groups after dilution and equilibration. However, the post-thaw semen quality was higher in the SP− (one parameter) and SP+ (four parameters) groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, these parameters were similar in the SP− and SP+ groups. This study showed that, although an adequate extender had positive effects, replacing the whole SP with that of high-cryotolerant rams may better solve the low cryotolerance problem in ram semen
Sivas ilinde yaşlı kanser hastalarının beş yıllık sağkalımı ve yaşadıkları ilçelerin sosyoekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyiyle ilişkisi
No full textScanning protocol influence on relative electron Density-CT number calibrations and radiotherapy dose calculation for a Halcyon Linac
No full textTissue Relative Electron Density (RED), typically determined via computation of CT-based Hounsfield unit (HU) values, has an accuracy which is affected by the choice of CT scanning parameters. The influence of these on the RED-CT number calibration curves is of importance, not least concerning variations in CT x-ray tube voltage and current. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variations in CT x-ray tube voltage and current on the calibration curves of RED - CT number conversion, with the aim of improving the accuracy of dose calculation in radiotherapy treatment planning. An electron density phantom CIRS have been conducted at 200 mAs, for tube voltages of 80, 110, and 130 kVp, corresponding images being calibrated in terms of RED-CT number conversion curves. Subsequent treatment plans have been generated, identified in terms of the applied tube voltages, the 130 kVp plan being designated the reference plan. The remaining plans have been compared to the reference plan via analysis of isodose distribution and dose. The influence of tube voltage were being found to be greatest for high-density substances such as bone in comparison to low-density materials. Conversely, the CT number of a titanium rod has been consistent, regardless of the choice of tube voltage or current. The effect of tube current variation on the calibration curves has been minor at higher tube voltages but more pronounced using lower voltages and current. The presence in the phantom of plugs of high-density materials has resulted in beam hardening artefacts, impacting on the RED values for other plugs. In achieving accurate dose calculation for radiotherapy treatment plans the work underscores the need to account for effects of CT scanning parameters on the RED-CT number conversion curves. Further emphasized is the importance of careful selection of imaging protocols in seeking to minimize beam hardening artefacts and to ensure accurate determination of RED. The study demonstrates that the accuracy of RED-CT number conversion curves is substantially affected by the presence of high-density materials in the phantom, which causes beam hardening artefacts that affect the precision of RED values for other plugs
