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Prompt temelli generatif modellerle tasarlanan tiyatro mekânlarının eleştirel incelemesi
No full textCatalyst-driven strategies for organic matter and disinfection byproduct removal: Comparing adsorption, ozonation, and catalytic ozonation
No full textEffective removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and its disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors is vital for ensuring drinking water safety. This study systematically compared adsorption, sole ozonation, and catalytic ozonation using TiO2, goethite, silver nanoparticles, and iron-coated pumice as catalysts. Treatment performance was evaluated based on reductions in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance at 220, 254, and 272 nm, and DBP formation potentials (trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)). Catalytic ozonation with TiO2 exhibited superior performance, achieving ~87 % DOC removal and > 93 % reduction in UV254 and UV272 absorbance. It also led to a > 94 % decrease in THM and HAA formation potentials, resulting in estimated carcinogenic risks well below regulatory thresholds set by the WHO and EPA. These risk estimates carry inherent uncertainties, particularly for emerging DBPs, yet remain valid indicators for comparing treatment efficacy. Goethite also demonstrated high DBP precursor removal (~73 %) with relatively low operational cost, while iron-coated pumice achieved moderate effectiveness (~67 %) but suffered from reduced longevity. Adsorption and sole ozonation were notably less effective. Statistical analysis confirmed significant performance differences among the catalysts, with TiO2 emerging as the most efficient and cost-effective option. The enhanced performance of TiO2 was attributed to its strong oxidative properties and affinity for both aromatic and aliphatic NOM fractions. These findings underscore the potential of catalyst-enhanced ozonation as a powerful strategy for NOM and DBP control, providing a technically and economically viable path toward meeting increasingly stringent drinking water standards and reducing long-term public health risks
Protective effect of Momordica charantia against Hepatorenal toxicity induced by Potassium bromate (KBrO3) in rats Efecto protector de Momordica charantia contra la toxicidad hepatorrenal inducida por el bromato de potasio (KBrO3) en ratas
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the effects of Momordica charantia on hepatorenal toxicity caused by potassium bromate (KBrO3) in rats. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as control, KBrO3, bitter melon (MC), and KBrO3+MC. Examining the antioxidant enzyme grade of the kidney tissues, it was found that the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) (P<0.05), glutathione peroxidase (GSH–Px) (P<0.01), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.01) decreased in the KBrO3 group in comparison to the control. There was a significant decrease (P<0.001) in glutathione (GSH) levels and an increase (P<0.01) in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the KBrO3 group in comparison to the control. Examining the antioxidant enzyme activities in liver tissue, it was determined that CAT, GSH–Px, and SOD enzymes reduced significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001, respectively) in the KBrO3 group in comparison to the control, and the enzyme activity of decreased CAT, GSH–Px, and SOD enzymes significantly elevated (P<0.01) in the MC group. There was a reduction in GSH level in the KBrO3 group in comparison to the control (P<0.01), while an increase was recorded in the KBrO3+MC group (P<0.05). MDA level in liver tissue increased in KBrO3 group in comparison to the control (P<0.01) and MC decreased the MDA level. Histopathological analysis results indicate severe degenerative and necrotic lesions in hepatorenal histoarchitecture of KBrO3 rats in comparison to the control. However, application of MC+KBrO3 significantly reduced the induced hepatorenal injury with a concomitant increase in histopathological lesions. From the immunohistochemical aspect, MC revealed apoptosis concomitant with the suppression of necrosis in the KBrO3-treated rats as demonstrated by the caspase-3 activity
Use of Imaging Modalities in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: An Overview
No full textAims: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple systems and characterized by bilateral granulomatous uveitis, frequently together with neurological, auditory, and integumentary manifestations. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are a must to prevent irreversible vision loss and possible systemic complications. Fundus imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of VKH, not only to reach the diagnosis but also to monitor disease activity and response to treatment. Fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are among the imaging modalities. These methods provide invaluable insights into the different phases of the disease. In addition, OCT angiography enables clinicians to visualize associated retinal and choroidal microvascular changes. Continuous advances in imaging technology assist ophthalmologists to comprehend the VKH pathophysiology and to facilitate its differential diagnosis. Thus, clinical outcomes are improving with timely interventions and personalized treatment approaches. This mini-review provides an overview of VKH disease, with a particular focus on the fundus imaging techniques utilized in its management
İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ İLE MÜCADELENİN STRATEJİK BOYUTU: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYELERİNİN STRATEJİK PLANLARI ÜZERİNDEN BİR İNCELEME
No full textİklim değişikliği bugün dünyanın tüm bölgelerinde hissedilmektedir. Isı adası etkisisebebiyle yüksek hava sıcaklığı, aşırı yağışlara dayalı su taşkınları, yangınlar ile tatlı sukaynaklarının azalması iklim değişikliğinin kentlerdeki en tipik etkileridir. Yerel yönetimleriniklim değişikliğinden kentlerde yaşayanları doğrudan etkileyen iklim risklerine karşıeylemlerde bulunması yerellik ilkesi gereğidir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de bulunan 30büyükşehir belediyesinin 2025-2029 dönemi için hazırladıkları stratejik planlardayer verdikleri iklimle stratejik amaç ve hedefler üzerinden iklim değişikliği ile mücadeleyaklaşımlarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak içerik analizininseçildiği çalışmada Maxqda 2020 programından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda11 stratejik planda iklim amaçlar içinde yer alırken, 13 stratejik planda stratejik hedeflerarasında yer aldığı görülmüştür. İklimle ilgili amaç ve hedefler bütçelendirilmiştir. Stratejikhedeflerde öne çıkan unsurlar yenilenebilir enerji ile atık yönetimi olmuştur. Stratejikplanların çoğunluğunda 12. Kalkınma Planı’nda iklimle ilgili hedeflere atıfta bulunulmuştur.Diğer üst politika belgelerine yapılan atıflar sınırlı düzeyde stratejik planda yer almıştır.</div
Şeftali posası atıklarının asit destekli mikrodalga prosesi ile hidroliz şartlarının optimizasyonu
No full textÇalışmanın amacı, fermentasyon yoluyla biyohidrojen, aseton, etanol, butanol ve organik asitler gibi değerli ürünlerin eldesinde substrat olarak kullanılmak üzere şeftali posası atıklarından toplam şeker elde etmek için mikrodalga (MW) hidroliz şartlarının optimizasyonunudur. MW hidroliz proses parametrelerinin optimizasyonu için Box-Behnken yanıt yüzeyi istatistiksel deneysel tasarım yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Toplam şeker derişimi (TŞD) bağımlı değişkeni için pH (2.0-5.5), partikül çapı (180-250 µm) ve şeftali posası derişimi (20-40 g/L) bağımsız değişkenlerdir. ANOVA istatistiksel analizine göre partikül çapı ve şeftali posası derişimi, TŞD oluşumunu etkileyen anlamlı değişkenlerdir. Optimizasyon sonucunda %61 (w/w) hidroliz verimiyle maksimum toplam şeker derişiminin TŞD= 24.3 g/L elde edildiği şartlar pH= 5.50, partikül derişimi=39.5 g/L'dır.The study aims to optimise microwave (MW) pretreatment of peach pulp wastes to obtain fermentable sugar for producing valuable products like acetone, ethanol and organic acids by fermentation. The Box-Behnken response surface experimental design method was employed for the optimization of MW hydrolysis process parameters. pH (2.0-5.5), particle diameter (180-250 µm) and peach pulp concentration (20-40 g/L) were the independent variables for total sugar concentration (TSC) considered in the study. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) resulted in particle diameter and peach pulp concentration as the only significant variable among the studied independent variables. Product maximization (TSC) was achieved at pH= 5.50, particle diameter= 246.9 µm and peach pulp concentration= 39.5 g/L resulting in TS= 24.3 g/L with a hydrolysis yield of 61% (w/w)
KENTLERDE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA İKİZ DÖNÜŞÜM: UYGULAMA ALANI, ENGELLER VE FIRSATLAR
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Açık Kalp Cerrahisi Geçiren Hastalara Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulaması ile Erken Mobilizasyona Yönelik Yaptırılan Egzersizlerin Etkisi
No full textHydroxyapatite and Loofah-Reinforced Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel Scaffold with/without Stem Cells for Bone Healing: In Vitro and In Vivo
No full textBone tissue is a structure composed of organic and inorganic components. There are some problems associated with the fracture healing of bone tissue. The fracture union and rehabilitation process can take a long time due to infections, delayed healing, or nonunion of the bone tissue. Recent studies have directed orthopedic surgeons to cellular therapy and biomaterials. This study investigated hydroxyapatite (HAp) and loofah-reinforced carboxymethyl chitosan composite scaffolds (HAp + loofah + CMCht) in vitro and in vivo fracture healing. Following material characterizations, in vitro biocompatibility analyses were conducted using rat mesenchymal stem cells derived from periosteum (pMSCs) and bone marrow (bMSCs) tissues. Moreover, in vivo studies were conducted on 48 Wistar Albino rats, randomly divided into 4 groups: empty defect, cell-free scaffold, bMSCs-seeded scaffold, and pMSCs-seeded scaffold. The rats were followed up for 8 weeks after implantation. Biomechanical, radiological, and histological examinations were performed in vivo. Our results showed that the HAp + loofah + CMCht scaffold is biocompatible and an excellent alternative for fracture healing studies with mesenchymal stem cells. ALP activity was measured to evaluate the bone-forming ability of the bMSCs and pMSCs on the scaffolds. bMSCs-seeded scaffolds increased significantly between days 7 and 28 (p < 0.01). The scaffolds populated with pMSCs showed a slight, non-significant decline by day 21 of incubation. However, a significant increase was noted when comparing days 21 and 28 in the pMSCs-seeded scaffolds (p < 0.0002). Analysis of cell presence, morphology, distribution, and adhesion in HAp + loofah + CMCht scaffolds indicated enhanced cell proliferation on days 14 and 21 compared to day 7, as demonstrated by histochemical and immunohistochemical assays. The bMSC exhibited superior osteoconductive properties compared to the pMSC, as demonstrated through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies. These experiments revealed that the bMSC not only facilitated enhanced bone tissue formation but also promoted faster integration with existing bone structures. The results indicate that the unique characteristics of bMSCs significantly contribute to their effectiveness in supporting bone regeneration, making them a promising candidate for applications in orthopedic and reconstructive medicine