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Apelin Regulates PVN Dopaminergic Activity and Limits Weight Gain in Mice: An Effect Attenuated by High-Fat Diet
No full textObesity results from an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure, particularly under a high-fat diet (HFD). Apelin and dopamine may influence food intake and obesity. This study aimed to examine apelin’s effect on PVN dopaminergic neurotransmission under standard diet (SD) and HFD using fiber photometry. Thirty-two adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: SD, HFD, SD with apelin (SD + A), and HFD with apelin (HFD + A). Food intake, body weight, blood glucose, and behavioral profiles of the animals were analyzed. PVN dopaminergic activity was measured by fiber photometry using a dopamine sensor, and co-expression of the apelin receptor (APJ) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was examined by double immunofluorescence. The body weights of SD (p < 0.01), HFD (p < 0.001), and HFD + A (p < 0.001) groups on day 28 were significantly higher than day 0. On day 28, the body weight in the SD + A group was lower compared to the HFD and HFD + A (p < 0.001) groups. Apelin did not significantly affect anxiety, exploration, or sociability levels. Fiber photometric dopamine sensor activity results revealed higher dopaminergic activity in the SD + A group compared to the SD (p < 0.05) and HFD + A (p < 0.05) groups. Additionally, co-expression of TH and APJ was observed in PVN neurons. Our study is the first to investigate apelin using fiber photometry and to show that the APJ is expressed in PVNTH-positive neurons. Apelin regulates PVN dopaminergic signaling and limits weight gain, though these effects are partially attenuated under HFD, potentially through dopaminergic and metabolic pathways. APJ/TH co-expression in PVN suggests a role in homeostatic food intake regulation
Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk 560 Soru Çözümlü Soru Bankası - Hukuk Mesleklerine Giriş Sınavına Hazırlık
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The nonlinear optical characteristics of nickel and lanthanum phthalocyanine complexes possessing sulfonylphenoxy functionalities
No full textTwo novel sulfonylphenoxy-substituted lanthanum (LaPc) and nickel (NiPc) phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS analyses. Their third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were evaluated via femtosecond laser Z-scan measurements. Structural and spectroscopic results confirmed the successful incorporation of sulfonylphenoxy groups and coordination of the respective metal centers. Comparative analysis revealed that the central metal ion strongly influenced molecular geometry, optical absorption, emission characteristics, and crystal organization. LaPc exhibited red-shifted absorption bands, enhanced fluorescence intensity, and prolonged emission lifetimes, whereas NiPc showed blue-shifted spectra and diminished quantum yields due to efficient intersystem crossing facilitated by the Ni2+ center. XRD and XPS data further substantiated these distinctions by indicating divergent coordination environments and crystal packing arrangements. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (beta), nonlinear refractive index (n2), and third-order susceptibility (chi 3) for both complexes were on the order of 10-11 cm/W, 10-16 cm2/W, and 10-14 esu, respectively. These results demonstrate that rational metal ion selection can effectively tailor the electronic and photophysical properties of phthalocyanines, highlighting their potential as advanced optical limiting materials for optoelectronic and photonic technologies
Investigation of Free Radicals Generated on the Surface of Baked Rice Pudding Samples using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy
No full textRisk Factors for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Recurrence Following Liver Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.
No full textClinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Prognosis of Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries in a Single-Center Experience
No full textBackground: Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a heterogeneous syndrome presenting as acute infarction despite < 50% epicardial stenosis. Recognition remains low, and optimal management is unclear. Aims: This study aims to analyze the clinical profile of MINOCA patients compared to those with myocardial infarction with obstructive lesions, and evaluate MINOCA patients. Methods: A total of 1421 consecutive patients with acute MI admitted to our hospital between January 2016 and March 2019 were retrospectively screened. Patients were classified into two groups: MINOCA, comprising patients with no significant lesions on angiography, and MI-CAD, consisting of patients with lesions of the coronary artery. A total of 130 patients with MINOCA and 210 patients with MI-CAD were enrolled. Demographics, laboratory parameters, imaging findings, etiologies, in-hospital outcomes, and discharge therapies were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of MINOCA was 9.7%. Patients with MINOCA were more frequently women (especially premenopausal women) and had a younger age (54.65 ± 18.4 to 63.2 ± 12.3, p < 0.001). The prevalence of traditional CAD risk factors was lower in MINOCA patients. Patients with MINOCA were more likely to have a history of upper-respiratory-tract infections (URIs) and use of antidepressant drugs compared to MI-CAD at admission. In-hospital mortality and event rates were comparable to those with MI-CAD. However, antiplatelets, statins, renin−angiotensin system blockers, and β-blockers were less frequently prescribed to patients with MINOCA at discharge. Conclusions: Patients with MINOCA constitute a population that differs from the classical MI profile. Compared with MI-CAD, MINOCA is accompanied by fewer traditional risk factors for CAD
All-inside ACL Reconstruction Offers No Advantage in Clinical Outcomes, Graft Healing, or Tunnel Widening Compared with the Complete Tibial Tunnel Technique: A Prospective Randomized Trial
No full textBackgroundThe all-inside ACL reconstruction technique is seeing wider use and may offer some clinical advantages over the traditional complete tibial tunnel technique, but to date, no RCT of which we are aware has directly compared these techniques using identical adjustable suspensory fixation devices.Questions/purposesIn this RCT, we compared the all-inside technique to the complete tibial tunnel technique, using the same adjustable suspensory fixation device in ACL reconstruction, and asked: (1) Is there a difference in functional outcome measures including instrumented knee laxity testing, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, and Marx activity scale? (2) Is there a difference in graft healing and integration as measured by graft signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) on MRI at 1 year? (3) Is there a difference in tibial tunnel morphology and volume as measured by CT performed at 1 day and 1 year postoperatively?MethodsBetween November 2022 and August 2023, a total of 71 patients who met the inclusion criteria were prospectively allocated via computer-generated randomization to undergo ACL reconstruction via either the all-inside technique or complete tibial tunnel technique using the same adjustable suspensory fixation devices. The groups did not differ in terms of age, gender, or BMI (all-inside group: 35 patients with a mean ± SD age of 28 ± 6 years; complete tibial tunnel group: 36 patients with a mean ± SD age of 27 ± 7 years). Clinical outcome measures included knee laxity as measured by the KT-1000 arthrometer, the IKDC subjective knee score, and the Marx activity scale, all measured preoperatively and at 1 year. The follow-up proportion at 1 year was 87.5% (35 of 40) in the all-inside group and 90% (36 of 40) in the complete tibial tunnel group. At 1 year postoperatively, graft healing and integration were assessed on MRI using graft SNQ. To evaluate tibial tunnel morphology and time-related volume changes, CT was performed at 1 day and 1 year postoperatively.ResultsWe found no differences in patient-reported or objective outcomes at 1 year between the all-inside and complete tibial tunnel groups. The mean ± SD IKDC score was 86 ± 11 versus 88 ± 14, respectively (mean difference -2 [95% confidence interval (CI) -7 to 4]; p = 0.46). Similarly, anterior tibial translation was 2 ± 1 mm in the all-inside group versus 1 ± 1 mm in the complete tibial tunnel group (mean difference 1 mm [95% CI -1 to 1]; p = 0.15). On MRI, the SNQ values were not different between groups in the intrafemoral tunnel graft (6 ± 4 versus 5 ± 4, mean difference 1 [95% CI -2 to 2]; p = 0.32), intraarticular graft (5 ± 4 versus 6 ± 3, mean difference -1 [95% CI -2 to 1]; p = 0.13), or intratibial tunnel graft (3 ± 3 versus 4 ± 3, mean difference -1 [95% CI -1 to 1]; p = 0.39). On CT, graft tunnel volume increased from postoperative Day 1 to 1 year in both groups (all-inside 1141 ± 173 mm3 to 1338 ± 196 mm3; complete tibial tunnel 1089 ± 141 mm3 to 1291 ± 188 mm3; p < 0.001 within groups), with no difference in the degree of increase between groups (mean difference -4 mm3 [95% CI -122 to 113]; p = 0.14). The loop tunnel volume decreased in both groups over time, but initial loop tunnel volume was substantially higher in the complete tibial tunnel group (1953 ± 127 mm3) compared with the all-inside group (353 ± 35 mm3; p < 0.001). At 1 year, loop tunnel volumes were similar (102 ± 36 mm3 versus 97 ± 25 mm3; p = 0.41). The percentage of the loop tunnel filled with bone was higher in the complete tibial tunnel group (94% ± 5%) than in the all-inside group (68% ± 4%, mean difference -26% [95% CI -28% to 23%]; p < 0.001). Graft tunnel widening was no different between the groups (16% ± 3% versus 15% ± 3%, mean difference 1% [95% CI -1% to 3%]; p = 0.21).ConclusionIn this randomized trial, we found no advantages in clinical outcomes, graft healing, or tunnel widening associated with the use of the all-inside technique compared with the complete tibial tunnel technique in ACL reconstruction. Although the all-inside technique is often preferred for its perceived bone-preserving benefit, our findings showed that the loop tunnel in the complete tibial tunnel group was nearly fully filled with bone by the first postoperative year - suggesting that concerns about "dead space"in this technique may be unfounded. That being so, we do not recommend the routine use of the all-inside technique, especially considering its requirement for specialized instruments and potentially higher cost.Level of EvidenceLevel I, therapeutic study
Novel chloro-substituted thiophene thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, crystal structures, DFT analysis and antimicrobial evaluation of its Co(II), Zn(II), Ni (II), and Pd(II) complexes
No full textThiosemicarbazones, obtained through the condensation of hydrazine derivatives with carbonyl compounds, constitute an important class of Schiff bases with broad pharmacological potential. In this work, a chloro-substituted thiophene-derived thiosemicarbazone ligand was synthesized from 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide, and its coordination complexes with cobalt(II), zinc(II), palladium(II), and nickel(II) ions were prepared. The synthesized compounds were characterized comprehensively using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural and electronic features were further investigated through density functional theory calculations, which provided insights into orbital distributions, energy gaps, and optimized geometries. Antimicrobial screening demonstrated that the ligand and its metal complexes exhibited significant inhibitory effects against selected bacterial and fungal strains, with enhanced activity observed for the complexes compared to the free ligand. The combined experimental and computational findings highlight the importance of halogen substitution and transition-metal coordination in tuning the biological and electronic properties of thiosemicarbazone derivatives, supporting their potential as promising candidates for future therapeutic development