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Investigation of Lipid Production of Microalgae Species in Fruit Juice-based Nutrient Medium
No full textIn this study, Schizochytrium limacinum PA-968 and Crypthecodinium cohnii CCMP-316 were produced in the media including apple (AJ) and grape juices (GJ), which contain carbon sources that are alternatives to standard carbon containing media (SM). The S. limacinum biomass productions were 9.52±0.08 g L-1 (AJ), 8.70± 0.05 g L-1 (GJ), and 8.58±0.02 g L-1 (SM). C. cohnii produced biomass as 3.45±0.06 g L-1 (GJ), 1.52±0.04 g L-1 (AJ), and 1.35±0.02 g L-1 (SM). The fruit juice-based media enhanced biomass production. It was observed that the lipid production of S. limacinum increased by 17.6% in the medium with apple juice (2.54±0.02 g L-1), while this increase was 65.3% in the grape juice-based medium (3.57±0.02 g L-1). The addition of apple juice caused an increase in the lipid amount 1.9 times higher (0.23±0.02 g L-1 ), while grape juice induced 5.3 times more lipid production in C. cohnii culture (0.50±0.03 g L-1). The study emphasized that these wastes or by-products can be considered as sustainable and financially supportive solutions to be alternatives to carbon sources in production with S. limacinum and C. cohnii cultures
Development and psychometric evaluation of the delirium detection and management scale for pediatric intensive care nurses
No full textAim This research was conducted to develop the Delirium Detect and Management Scale for Pediatric Intensive Care Nurses and investigate its Psychometric Properties. Study design This methodological study was conducted with pediatric intensive care nurses between January 20 and February 20, 2025. Two hundred thirteen pediatric intensive care nurses were included in the study. The “Nurse Identification Form” and “Delirium Detection and Management Scale for Pediatric Intensive Care Nurses” were used in the study. The scale's content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, and split-half analysis were used in the psychometric analysis. Results Cronbach's alpha analysis, item-total score correlation methods, and explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data evaluation. The scale consists of 19 items and three sub-dimensions. In both explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, all factor loadings were found to be more than 0.30. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all fit indices were determined to be more than 0.80, and the RMSEA value was less than 0.08. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the entire scale and subscales were 0.93, 0.89, 0.84, and 0.82, respectively. The scale is a practical and reliable clinical tool that helps nurses obtain accurate, consistent, and meaningful patient data. Conclusions Findings indicated that the developed scale is a valid and reliable tool. Practice implication Determining the in-service training needs of pediatric intensive care nurses regarding delirium, developing their delirium-related care competencies, and increasing the quality of patient care can be achieved
Beyond conventional measures: body composition analyses and the role of Tri-Ponderal mass index in assessing adiposity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
No full textBackground: Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at increased risk of excess adiposity due to sedentary lifestyle, dietary factors, and insulin therapy. Body mass index (BMI), the most commonly used measure of adiposity, cannot distinguish between fat and lean mass. To address this limitation, alternative indices such as the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) have been proposed; however, its role in pediatric T1DM remains unclear. Objective: To compare body composition between children with T1DM and healthy peers, and to assess the utility of TMI in evaluating adiposity. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study included 65 children with T1DM and 65 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Anthropometric data, waist-to-height ratio (WHR), disease duration, daily insulin dose, insulin regimen, and mean HbA1c values over the previous year were recorded. TMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height³ (m³). Body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results: The median age of children with T1DM was 14.4 (12.2–16.9) years, with a median disease duration of 4.3 (2.6–7.5) years. No significant differences were found between groups regarding SD scores of BMI, WHR, and TMI. Compared with controls, children with T1DM showed significantly higher BFP and BFP SD scores (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002), and elevated FM SD scores (p = 0.01). The FFM/FM ratio did not differ significantly (p = 0.09). Longer disease duration (≥ 5 years) was associated with higher BFP and FM (p < 0.05). TMI correlated positively with BFP (r = 0.66 ), BFP SD score (r = 0.78), FM SD score (r = 0.83), and WHR (r = 0.87), and negatively with the FFM/FM ratio (r = − 0.68) (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Children with T1DM exhibit higher adiposity than healthy peers, particularly with longer disease duration. TMI showed strong correlations with body fat parameters and may serve as a simple, reliable, and clinically useful tool for assessing adiposity in pediatric T1DM
A systematic approach to the sports scheduling problem for the Turkish professional football league
No full textScheduling of sports competitions has become an area of interest for researchers with the globalization of sports and its spread to large crowds. Round Robin tournament derivatives are generally applied among different types of tournaments, especially in leagues. This study aims to create schedules for the Turkish Professional Football League. Indicators such as the number of breaks, weighted carry-over effect, and specific requirements are considered as characteristic values reflecting the league's quality. In this study, an integer programming (IP) model is developed to solve the scheduling problem, and it is observed that the IP model gives the optimum schedule for small-sized problems only. As a remedy, a two-phase heuristic solution procedure is proposed. The heuristic procedure first finds a pattern set and then constitutes the schedule. Different pattern sets and schedules are presented in the experimental results. The results show that the proposed heuristic method obtains the best schedules concerning the current schedule and the proposed IP models for various problem characteristics
Real-world comparison of cabozantinib and sunitinib in advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A multicenter study by the Turkish Oncology Group
No full textNon-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies with limited prospective data and no established first-line standard. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study across 29 centers in Turkey, including patients with advanced or metastatic nccRCC treated with first-line cabozantinib or sunitinib between 2015 and 2025. Among 268 patients (sunitinib, n = 198; cabozantinib, n = 70), baseline characteristics were balanced. Cabozantinib was associated with significantly longer median progression-free survival (PFS) compared to sunitinib (9.2 vs. 6.6 months; HR: 0.66; p = .027), while overall survival (OS) was similar (18.6 vs. 17.2 months; p = .566). Objective response rate (ORR) was higher with cabozantinib (38.6% vs. 26.3%; p = .052). Multivariate analyses identified ECOG performance status >= 2, IMDC risk category, sarcomatoid differentiation, and chromophobe histology as independent prognostic factors for OS. Predictors of PFS included IMDC risk, sarcomatoid features, nephrectomy status, and histologic subtype. These findings suggest that cabozantinib may offer improved disease control over sunitinib in this diverse patient population and provide valuable real-world insights for therapeutic decision-making in the absence of prospective randomized data
Effect of Distracting Methods on Procedure-Related Fear, Anxiety, and Pain During Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textIntroduction: Distraction methods such as virtual reality and cold vibration devices (Buzzy) are recommended during vascular access. Few studies focused on distraction during intramuscular injection. Methods: This study evaluated the effect of distraction methods on procedure-related pain, fear, and anxiety during the intramuscular injection in children aged 5 to 12 years in the pediatric emergency department. In the study, children (n = 126) were assigned to 4 groups: virtual reality, manual pressure vibration, Buzzy, and control groups. Heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and partial oxygen saturation were measured before, during, and after the procedure. Emotional behavior was evaluated using the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale before the procedure. After the procedure, pain, fear, and anxiety were evaluated using the Child Fear Scale, Child Anxiety Scale–State, Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale, and Color Analog Scale. The mean scores obtained from the scales were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis analysis (Clinical Trials number: NCT04847934). Results: The diastolic and median blood pressure values were higher, and the partial oxygen value was lower in the control group after the procedure. There was no statistical difference among the groups in terms of emotional behavior before the procedure. There was a statistical difference among the groups in terms of pain scores, but no difference was found in terms of fear and anxiety. Discussion: Virtual reality, manual pressure vibration, and Buzzy distractions were effective on intramuscular injection–related pain. Future studies should also focus on intramuscular injection–related fear and anxiety