Universidad Internacional del Ecuador
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Determination of the Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Wood Vinegar (Pyroligneous Acid) Against the Onion Bulb Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium proliferatum
No full textWood vinegar, also known as pyroligneous acid (PA), is a liquid mixture with organic properties that results from thecondensation of smoke produced by the charring or pyrolysis of wood and its residues during processing. The aims ofthis study were to determine the chemical composition and antifungal activity of three different PAs obtained from thepyrolysis of apricot kernels (AKPA), hazelnut shells (HSPA), and kermes oak (OPA) against Fusarium proliferatum. Asa result of GC-MS analysis, o-guaiacol (18.98–26.18%), creosol (11.08–16.38%), syringol (6.35–8.67%), p-ethylguaiacol(5.53–10.04%), o-creosol (4.0–10.33%) and phenol (2.34–7.90%) were identified as the main constituents of the testedPAs. AKPA was the most effective PA among the tested treatments, with MIC values of 3.5 µl ml–1 for mycelial growthand 1.0 µl ml–1 for conidial germination. Of the treatments tested under in vivo conditions, AKPA completely inhibiteddisease incidence at a concentration of 7.5 µl g–1 soil. HSPA and OPA, on the other hand, significantly suppressed diseaseincidence at concentrations of 10.0 µl g–1and 12.5 µl g–1 soil, respectively. All PA samples with MIC values caused significantdeterioration of the morphological structures of the fungal hyphae. Since PAs showed promising antifungal activities againstF. proliferatum both in vitro and in vivo, they could be used as a cost-effective natural product as an environmentally friendlyalternative to synthetic fungicides.</p
4-( SÜBSTİTÜE ARİL)-2-(2-(4-(4-(4-METİL/METOKSİFENİL)PİPERAZİN-1- İL)BENZİLİDEN)HİDRAZİNİL)TİYAZOL TÜREVLERİNİN SENTEZİ VE SİTOTOKSİK AKTİVİTESİNİN İNCELENMESİ
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Prevalence of Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon spp. in Wild Birds in Hatay, Turkey
No full textHemosporidian parasites that cause infections in poultry and death in susceptible animals show a global distribution. Infected wild birds play an important role in this distribution due to seasonal migration among different regions. Hatay, where migratory birds enter Turkey, is an active region regarding vectors, disease agents and hosts. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon parasites in wild birds of Hatay Province by microscopic and molecular methods. Blood samples were taken from a total of 50 wild birds belonging to three orders, eight species. In the microscopic examination, Haemoproteus spp. infection 18% (9/50) and coinfections (Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp.) 4% (2/50) were detected while in the PCR examination, coinfections 4% (2/50), H. columbae 20% (10/50) and Leucocytozoon spp. 2% (1/50) were detected. As a result, haemosporidian parasites were detected in approximately one of every four wild birds (microscopic 22%, molecular 26%)
Investigation of the optic disc and retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography in children with asthma
No full textPURPOSE: To assess the optic disc and retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in asthmatic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty asthmatic children (asthma group) and 30 control age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. The asthma group was then divided into two subgroups according to the presence of inhaled steroid use. Demographic findings were noted. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and vessel density in different sections of the retina and optic nerve head were analyzed by OCTA. RESULTS: RNFL thickness for temporal quadrants and flow area for outer retina levels were significantly lower in the asthma group than the control group (72.58 +/- 10.99 mu m vs 77.73 +/- 9.73 mu m, P = 0.015, and 0.60 +/- 0.31mm(2 vs.) 0.72 +/- 0.31mm(2), P = 0.047, respectively). However, inside disc vascular densities were significantly higher in the asthma group when compared to controls (55.16% +/- 3.71% vs. 52.08% +/- 3.79%, P < 0.001). Inside disc vascular densities were also significantly higher, and RNFL thickness for temporal quadrants was significantly lower in the asthmatic patients without steroid use subgroup when compared to others (P < 0.001, P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSION: Lower values of temporal quadrant RNFL, and flow area for outer retina, but higher levels of inside disc vascular density seem to be associated with asthmatic children. OCTA findings in asthmatic children appear to be regardless of inhaled steroid use
Biyomedikal Mühendisliğine Giriş
No full textAntik Mısır ve Mezopotamya tıbbında insan bedeninin bileşenlerine dair öne sürülmüş olan kimi görüşler, yüzyıllar sonra, tababet ve felsefenin iç içe geçmiş olduğu antik Yunan’da derlenmiştir. Yunan filozof Empedokles (MÖ ~ 490–430), doğadaki maddelerin dört elementin (su, toprak, hava, ateş) bileşiminden oluştuğunu ileri sürerken, benzer biçimde ünlü Yunan tabip Hipokrat (MÖ ~460–370) da, insan mizacının ve sağlığının insan bedenindeki dört “humor”un (kan, balgam, sarı safra, kara safra) karışımına bağlı olduğunu teorize etmiş, öyle ki vücuttaki her patolojik değişim, bu dört humor arasındaki dengede gerçekleşen bir bozulma ile açıklanmıştır. Sonrasında bu “humoral patoloji” kuramı, Hipokrat’tan da nüfuzlu olan Romalı tabip Galen (~129–210) aracılığıyla antikitede dünyanın bir diğer süper gücü olan Roma İmparatorluğu’na ve böylece Roma medeniyetinden köken alan milattan sonraki Avrupa medeniyet ve tababetine intikal etmiştir. Hipokrat ve Galen’in sorgulanmaz otoritesi ve Orta Çağ sırasında bilimde pek az ilerleme kaydedilmesinin de etkisiyle, humoral patoloji neredeyse iki bin yıl boyunca Batı tıbbını meşgul eden bir safsata olmuş, doktorlarca vebadan depresyona kadar sayısız hastalık, “humoral denge”yi bozan fazlalıkları gidermek adına vücuttan kan akıtmak gibi, hastaları iyi etmek bir yana daha da hasta edecek uygulamalarla tedaviye çalışılmıştır (Temel 2019a). Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin ilk başkanı George Washington (1732–1799) dahi, soğuk algınlığına benzer başlangıçlı bir hastalık sırasında, doktorlarının kendisinden saatler içinde iki litreyi aşkın kan almasını (ve boğazına toksik maddeler sürmek gibi diğer “tedavi” taarruzlarını) takiben ölmüş, hastalığı sadece 1 gün sürmüştür (Morens 1999). [...]</p
Advanced Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network Optimized by Modified Golden Sine Algorithm
No full textThree-phase Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) rectifiers used between the power grid and the load in applications requiring DC voltage have features such as high efficiency, high power factor, and low harmonics. This paper proposes a hybrid control approach to improve the dynamic performance of three-phase PWM rectifiers under different operating conditions. Operating conditions are considered as step response, internal disturbance, and regenerative operation. First, Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network (IT2FNN) is designed and then antecedent and consequent parameters of IT2FNN are optimized with Modified Golden Sine Algorithm (GoldSA-II). The dynamic performance of the hybrid controller, named GoldSA-II-IT2FNN, is analyzed for all operating conditions in Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation studies are realized to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller. In the simulations, settling times of proposed controller are observed as 27.2 ms, and 10.8 ms for step response, respectively. Moreover, recovery times are calculated as being 12 ms to 5.5 ms for internal disturbance, and 7.2 ms to 19 ms for regenerative operation, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed controller not only provides better dynamic performance but also improves the stability of PWM rectifier
