Universidad Internacional del Ecuador
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Comparison of different freezing techniques, extenders, and cryoprotectants on quality and fertility of cryopreserved Salmo trutta f. fario sperm
No full textThere is still a lack of standardized methodology in the cryopreservation of Salmo trutta f. fario sperm. Thus, the present study was designed to compare current freezing protocols to improve and as well as to examine the post-thaw quality and fertilizing ability of cryopreserved sperm in Salmo trutta f. fario. Sperm samples were diluted at a 1:10 ratio in one of three extenders (Alsever’s solution, glucose-based, and ionic-based) containing four types of cryoprotectant (DMSO, DMA, MeOH, glycerol) at 10% concentration and frozen in 0.1 mL pellets on surface of the dry ice (solid carbon dioxide, 79°C) or in 0.25 mL straws 2 cm above of the liquid nitrogen (LN2) surface at a rate of ~30°C for 10 min.1 before storage in a mL cryotank (-196°C). The frozen sperm cells in straws and pellets were thawed in a water bath at 25°C for 30 s and at 20°C for 6 s respectively. Fertilization was carried out using a ratio of 5x105 sperm/egg in both freezing methods. The glucose-based solution including glycerol produced the highest post-thaw progressive motility (62.5 ± 1.24%), motility duration (57.2 ± 0.46 s), and viability (56.4 ± 1.57%) (p < 005) in the straw method. In breeding trials, similarly, sperm frozen-thawed with the glucose-based solution including glycerol produced the highest fertilization (54.2 ± 0.36%) and hatching (30.6 ± 0.28%) in the straw method. Fresh sperm used as control produced 82.6 ± 0.45% and 78.4 ± 1.27% fertilization and hatching respectively. It was concluded that sperm frozen in straws produced higher post-thaw sperm motility and fertility of eggs than those frozen in pellets. Also, the results suggest using of glycerol-supplemented glucose solution because of producing better results in both freezing techniques
THE EFFECT OF LOW-FLOW VERSUS HIGH-FLOW ANESTHESIA ON POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING TUR-P SURGERY
No full textIntroduction: This paper investigates the effect of low-flow anesthesia applications on postoperative cognitive function in geriatric age group (≥65 years old) patients who underwent elective transurethral resection of the prostate surgery. Materials and Method: A total of 98 patients aged 65 and over who underwent elective transurethral resection of the prostate surgery under general anesthesia between December 2021 and November 2022 in Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Research Hospital’s Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation were included in the study. The patients were subjected to a mini mental test the day before the operation and postoperatively at six hours, one day, three days, and seven days. Visual analogue scale scores were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The data obtained were compared between the patient groups who underwent low-flow (1 L/min, n: 49) and high flow (4 L/min, n: 49) anesthesia. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A comparison between the postoperative 6thhour, 1st day, 2nd day, 3rd day, and 7th day mini mental testing scores of the low-flow anesthesia and high flow anesthesia groups did not exhibit any notable variations (p: 0.668, 0.785, 0.745, 0.705, respectively). The visual analogue scale scores of the cases at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours did not differ statistically according to the type of flow applied (p: 0.316, 0.925, 0.651, 0.548, 0.624, 0.466, respectively). Conclusion: It is thought that low-flow anesthesia can be applied safely, but it does not have a significant effect on cognitive functions compared to high flow anesthesia
ŞİÎ GELENEKTE FELSEFE KARŞITLIĞI: Mekteb-i Tefkîk Örneği
No full textBu çalışmada İran-Şiî geleneğinde felsefe karşıtı bir ekol olan Mekteb-i Tefkîk ele alınmıştır. Fakat bu gelenekte felsefe karşıtı olan tek ekol Mekteb-i Tefkîk değildir. Bundan önce felsefe karşıtı olan Ahbârî Ekolü bulunmaktadır. Bu ikisi dışında bireysel olarak felsefe karşıtı kişiler de vardır. Bu çalışma bir giriş bölümü ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde İran Şiî geleneğin siyasî yapısına daha sonra ise İmâmiyye Şîası'nın din anlayışına dayanan iki ekol olarak Ahbârî ve Usûlî ekollerine işaret edilmiştir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde öncelikle Şiîlik-felsefe ilişki ele alınmıştır. Akabinde herhangi bir ekolün "resmi görüşü" olmadan bireysel olarak felsefeyi eleştiren kişilerin bazılarına işaret edilmiştir. Bundan sonra ise ekol yönelimli felsefe eleştirileri ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak Ahbârî Ekolü'nün eleştirileri ele alınmış, daha sonra ise çalışmamızın örneklemi olan Tefkîk Ekolü'ne giriş yapılmıştır. Bu bölüm Ahbârî-Tefkîk Ekolü karşılaştırması ile bitirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde Tefkîk Ekolü'nün felsefe karşıtlığına yer verilmiş ve bu ekole göre felsefenin meşruiyeti sorgulanmıştır. Daha sonra sırasıyla bu ekolün tercüme hareketlerine yönelik, din-felsefe ilişkisine ve tevil anlayışına yönelik düşüncelerine değinilmiş ve bölüm bitirilmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde ise Tefkîk Ekolü'nün nefs, bilgi ve varlık anlayışlarına değinilmiştir. Son olarak bu ekolün âlem tasavvuru ile çalışma bitirilmiştir.This study focuses on the Mekteb-i Tafqīq, an anti-philosophical school in the Iranian-Shi'i tradition. However, Mekteb al-Tafqīq is not the only anti-philosophical school in this tradition. Before that, there was the Ahbārī school, which was anti-philosophical. Apart from these two, there are also individual anti-philosophers. This study consists of an introduction and three chapters. In the introduction, the political structure of the Iranian Shi'i tradition was pointed out, and then the two schools, the Ahbārī and the Usūlī schools, based on the religious understanding of the Imāmiyya Shī'a were pointed out. In the first part of the study, the relationship between Shi'ism and philosophy is discussed. Afterwards, some of the people who individually criticized philosophy without the "official view" of any school were pointed out. After this, school-oriented criticisms of philosophy are discussed. For this purpose, the criticisms of the Ahbārī school were first discussed, and then the Tafqīq school, which is the sample of our study, was introduced. This chapter ends with a comparison of the Ahbārī-Tafqīq school. In the second part of the study, the Tafqīq school's opposition to philosophy is discussed and the legitimacy of philosophy according to this school is questioned. Then, the thoughts of this school on the translation movements, the relationship between religion and philosophy, and the understanding of tawil are mentioned respectively and the chapter is concluded. In the third part of the study, the Tafkīq school's conceptions of the soul, knowledge and existence are discussed. Finally, the study was completed with this school's concept of the universe.</p
The Effects of Mucolytic Agents N-Acetylcysteine and Erdosteine on Hemostasis in Humans
No full textThere are some indications in a few studies on animals and humans that the mucolytic agents N-acetylcysteine and erdosteine have a disruptive effect on the coagulation cascade. This study aimed to examine the effects of both erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine on the coagulation pathway. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on patients treated with N-acetylcysteine (600 mg/day) or erdosteine (600 mg/day) for 7–14 days. To evaluate the coagulation and hemogram parameters, blood samples were taken from patients before treatment and on days 7–14 after starting the treatment. Hemogram and coagulation parameters were measured in the venous blood samples. Results. The levels of factor II significantly decreased, and the platelet count significantly increased in patients treated with erdosteine. D-dimer levels reduced and factor VII levels increased in patients treated with N-acetylcysteine, but these changes were not significant (p=0.069 and p=0.062, respectively). Other coagulation and hemogram values did not change in both groups. Erdosteine may have a dualistic effect on the coagulation cascade through its different metabolites
Comparison of radiologic findings between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory tract viruses in critically ill children during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textBackground/aim: This study was planned because the radiological distinction of COVID-19 and respiratory viral panel (RVP)-positive cases is necessary to prioritize intensive care needs and ensure non-COVID-19 cases are not overlooked. With that purpose, the objective of this study was to compare radiologic findings between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory airway viruses in critically ill children with suspected COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a multicenter, retrospective, observational, and cohort study in 24 pediatric intensive care units between March 1 and May 31, 2020. SARS-CoV-2- or RVP polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive patients’ chest X-ray and thoracic computed tomography (CT) findings were evaluated blindly by pediatric radiologists. Results: We enrolled 225 patients in the study, 81 of whom tested positive for Coronovirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The median age of all patients was 24 (7–96) months, while it was 96 (17–156) months for COVID-19-positive patients and 17 (6–48) months for positive for other RVP factor (p < 0.001). Chest X-rays were more frequently evaluated as normal in patients with SARS-CoV-2 positive results (p = 0.020). Unilateral segmental or lobar consolidation was observed more frequently on chest X-rays in rhinovirus cases than in other groups (p = 0.038). CT imaging findings of bilateral peribronchial thickening and/or peribronchial opacity were more frequently observed in RVP-positive patients (p = 0.046). Conclusion: Chest X-ray and CT findings in COVID-19 patients are not specific and can be seen in other respiratory virus infections
Determining the Effect of Photovoltaic Module Surface Temperature on Generation Efficiency
No full textIt is imperative to consider the environmental impact of energy production and its cost in deciding how to meet future energy needs. In this regard, it is possible to harness the power of the sun by using photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, when the temperature of a PV cell increases, its generation efficiency is negatively affected. The open-circuit voltage of PV modules is the most sensitive parameter to temperature changes. As the temperature rises, this parameter decreases, and the short-circuit current increases. The circuit's re-sistance also rises as the electrons’ speed is reduced. Temperature also affects the lifespan of PV cells, increasing the rate of thermal decay in their materials. On the other hand, when solar radiation is absorbed at lower temperatures, the system’s efficiency, power capacity, and useful life increase. PV module surface temperatures can be reduced in a variety of ways, e.g., the surface can be cooled using water. This work studied hybrid PV-thermal modules under the climate conditions of the Hatay province (Turkey) in order to assess the effect of water cooling on their generation efficiency. The results allow stating that up to 52.6% more electricity can be generated by cooling the module's surface. Additionally, it was found that, in order for PV modules to perform efficiently in Hatay's climate, they must operate at a maximum surface temperature of 55 °C
