Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)
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Conceptual Study of Mutravaha Srotomula with Modern Insights
No full textBackground: Ayurveda describes Purusha as Srotomaya, emphasizing the role of Srotas in maintaining the balance of Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala. Among them, Mutravaha Srotas holds special importance as the proper elimination of urine is vital for metabolism. Ancient Acharyas have explained Mutravaha Srotomula differently: Sushruta identified Basti (urinary bladder) and Medra (urethra), while Charaka and Vagbhata considered Basti and Vankshana (groin). Such variations highlight the need to clarify both the anatomical and functional perspectives of Srotas.
Aim and Objectives: This study aims to revisit and analyze the concept of Mutravaha Srotomula as explained in Ayurvedic classics, and to correlate it with modern anatomical and physiological perspectives for better understanding of urinary functions and disorders.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with their commentaries, was undertaken. Supplementary references were gathered from modern anatomical literature, published research, and online databases to establish conceptual and clinical correlations.
Results and Discussion: Basti is recognized as the principal site for urine collection and a central location for manifestations of Srotodushti such as Atipravritti (excessive flow) and Sanga (retention). Clinical conditions like cystitis, overflow incontinence, and bladder rupture align with these descriptions. Vankshana, corresponding to the inguinal region, emerges as a site where referred pain, lymphadenopathy, and related urinary pathologies manifest. Medra, representing the urethra, serves as the passage and expression site, with disorders such as strictures, BPH, and trauma validating its role.
Conclusion: The Ayurvedic delineation of Mutravaha Srotomula demonstrates remarkable correlation with modern anatomy of the bladder, groin, and urethra. This integrated understanding provides a comprehensive framework for interpreting urinary physiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management from both Ayurvedic and contemporary perspectives
A Case Study on Kitibha Kushta: Relevance of Classical Ayurveda in Modern Dermatology
No full textIntroduction: Agadtantra, one of the eight branches of Ayurveda, deals with the diagnosis and management of poisoning. Dushivisha refers to a low-grade latent toxin that persists in the body, vitiates Rakta Dhatu, and contributes to chronic disorders such as Kitibha Kushta (psoriasis-like condition). Ayurveda attributes Kitibha Kushta to Vata-Kapha predominance with Rasa and Rakta involvement, closely resembling plaque psoriasis in modern medicine. The characteristic features of Kitibha Kushta include Shyava Varna (dark discoloration of the skin), Kinakhara Sparsha (rough and scaly texture), Parushata (hardness), and Rukshata (dryness). Main clinical finding: A 24-year-old male presented with scaling, itching, erythematous patches, and inflammation over the trunk, with chronic constipation. Intervention: Treatment included Shodhana and Shamana therapies: Snehapana, Vamana Karma followed by Virechana. Shamana medications included Avipattikara Churna, Su.Gandhaka, Dushivishari Gutika, Panchnimba Churna, Khadirarishta, and Mahamanjishtadi Arishta. Diet and lifestyle modifications were advised. Assessment was based on gradation of clinical features before and after treatment. Conclusion and outcome: An integrative Ayurvedic approach combining Shodhana and Shamana therapies effectively managed Kitibha Kushta with Dushivishajanya etiology. This case highlights the relevance of detoxification, Dosha balance, and Rasayana support in chronic skin disorders like psoriasis
Breaking the Chain: Ayurveda Insights into Samprapti Vighatana in Sthoulya
No full textAccording to Ayurveda Sthoulya is a Medodushtivikara, which is occurring as a result of Medodatwagni Mandya. Athisthoulya is considerd as one among Ashtounindithiya Purusha. Sthoulya is included under Santharpanotha Vikara in Ayurveda classics, which is difficult to treat due to Thulya Dosha Dushya and Nidana. It is the most prevailing condition being faced by majority of the population, but yet among most neglected health problem in India. Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease with several pathological complications such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, infertility, hepatic steatosis, endocrine abnormalities, osteoarthritis, certain type of cancers and possibly immunological impairment as well as it hampers cosmetic value of affected person. Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. Obesity is perhaps the most prevalent form of malnutrition. In Ayurveda acharyas have told that Sthoulya is difficult to treat as there is lack of medicines. To treat the disease in Ayurveda knowing Kriyakala is very important. Kriyakala mentioned by acharya Susrutha have a great role in treating the disease and preventing its further progression. Knowing the Samprapti and treating the disease based on Kriyakala plays a role in preventing further complication and progression of disease. Samprapti Vighatana is the process of breaking the Samprapti of disease, that means the treatment itself. This article details about Sthoulya, its Samprapti and Samprapti Vighatana. By doing Samprapti Vighatan in early stage of disease can prevent further progression of disease
A Combined effect of Shodhana and Shaman Chikitsa in the management of Darunaka w.s.r. to Seborrheic Dermatitis - A Single Case Report
No full textKapalgatarogas are explained in our Ayurvedic texts, Darunaka is one of them but according to Acharya Sushruta, this disease come under Kshudra Roga. This Vata & Kapha Dosha when combines together in vitated state causes symptoms like - Kandu, Keshchyuti, Twak Saphutana, hence called as Darunaka. On the basis of etiopathology, this disease comes under Seborrhoeic Dermatitis, it is most irritated disease of the scalp. The shedding of the tissue from the scalp associated with itching are the symptoms of Darunaka. About 5% of the population affects from dandruff, falling of hairs, cracking in the scalp and itching. It effects adults more than children of old aged people. This disease leads to self esteemed problems. A 28 year old female comes to our OPD with the chief complaints of - hairfall, flakes on the scalp (Powdery), dryness on scalp, severe itching mostly in the night since 1 month. As there are many treatments explained in our texts like Shodhana & Shamana including Panchkarma and orally medicines, so Arogyavardhini Vati orally and Durdhurapathradi Tailam for Local application was given to patient. The results were drawn on the basis of sign and symptoms before & after treatment. Here, the oral medication and external application help in improving the overall condition of the scalp
Efficacy and Safety of Pallrywyn Forte in Functional Erectile Dysfunction: An Open-Label Single-Arm Clinical Trial
No full textBackground: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent male sexual disorder affecting over 150 million men worldwide, with Indian prevalence estimates of 10–30% in men above 40 years. While phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are effective, their use is limited by contraindications, adverse effects, and reduced efficacy in functional ED, where psychosocial and lifestyle factors predominate. Herbal formulations are increasingly explored as alternatives, but robust clinical evidence remains limited.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pallrywyn Forte, a proprietary polyherbal formulation, in men with functional ED.
Methods: This open-label, single-arm, pre–post clinical trial, enrolled 50 men aged 19–59 years with functional ED of 2–4 months’ duration after a four week treatment free run in. Participants received Pallrywyn Forte (two tablets twice daily) for four weeks. The primary endpoint was change in International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain (IIEF EF). Secondary endpoints included SEP 2, SEP 3, Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Global Assessment Question (GAQ), intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), performance anxiety, and safety.
Results: Mean IIEF EF improved from 14.2 ± 3.1 at baseline to 20.1 ± 4.0 at Week 4 (mean difference +5.9; 95% CI: 4.8–7.0; p < 0.001). Responder analysis showed 68% achieved ≥4 point improvement. SEP 2 and SEP 3 success rates increased by 29 percentage points each (p < 0.001). GAQ improvement was reported by 72%, EHS ≥3 rose from 38% to 70%, IELT increased modestly (+0.8 min; p = 0.02), and performance anxiety decreased significantly. Pallrywyn Forte was well tolerated; 16% reported mild adverse events, with no serious events.
Conclusion: Pallrywyn Forte demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in functional ED, supporting further randomized controlled trials to validate its role in ED management
Significance and Role of Millets in Daily Diet: A Modern and Ayurvedic Perspective
No full textIn recent years, millets have regained prominence as a sustainable and health-promoting food group, both in modern nutrition and traditional Ayurvedic dietary practices. Millets such as ragi (finger millet), bajra (pearl millet), jowar (sorghum), and foxtail millet are rich in fiber, essential amino acids, minerals (especially calcium, iron, magnesium), and low glycemic carbohydrates, making them ideal staples for balanced daily diets. According to Ayurvedic principles, millets are light (Laghu), dry (Ruksha), and promote Agni (digestive fire), aiding in the management of kapha and Meda Dhatu (adipose tissue), thereby supporting metabolic health and reducing the risk of lifestyle disorders like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Millets also play a vital role in maintaining gut health, enhancing Ojas (vitality), and promoting Sattvic (pure and harmonious) qualities when consumed mindfully and appropriately. The integration of millets in daily meals aligns with both seasonal and regional dietary guidelines emphasized in Ahara Vidhi Vidhan, the classical Ayurvedic approach to diet planning. With their adaptability to arid climates and minimal resource requirements, millets also address food security and environmental sustainability, fulfilling broader public health and ecological goals. This paper explores the Ayurvedic attributes (Guna, Virya, Vipaka) of various millets, their compatibility with individual constitution (Prakriti), and practical ways to incorporate them into modern meals without compromising on taste or nutrition. The revival of millet-based diets not only reconnects us with ancient wisdom but also offers a scientifically backed, holistic approach to daily nutrition
Microbiome and Immunity in Children: Exploring Ayurvedic Pathways for Immune Optimization
No full textBackground: Childhood immunity is critically influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays a central role in immune maturation and protection against infections. Disruptions in gut microbial balance often due to poor dietary practices, antibiotic exposure, or environmental factors can impair immune function, increasing susceptibility to diseases. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic approach to health by promoting balanced diet, lifestyle, and the use of immunomodulatory herbs.
Objective: This review aims to explore the Ayurvedic understanding of immunity (Vyadhikshamatva or Bala) in children and to examine the potential of Ayurvedic interventions such as dietary, herbal, and lifestyle-based to modulate gut microbiota and thereby enhance immunity.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Ayurvedic classical texts and contemporary scientific studies from peer-reviewed journals and online databases. The focus was on identifying key Ayurvedic concepts, postnatal immunity-enhancing strategies, and herbal formulations that impact gut microbiota and immunity in children.
Results: The study identifies several Ayurvedic practices such as Stanyapanam (breastfeeding), Annaprashana (weaning), personalized diets based on Prakriti, and herbal interventions like Guduchi, Amalaki, and Triphala which support gut microbial diversity and immune function. Additionally, holistic lifestyle changes aligned with Dinacharya and Ritucharya were found to further support gut health and immunity.
Conclusion: Ayurvedic interventions hold promising potential in modulating gut microbiota and enhancing paediatric immunity through natural, safe, and individualized approaches. Further integrative clinical research is warranted to validate these traditional practices in the context of modern microbiome science and paediatric health care
Review of Pippalyadi Agad in Cumulative Toxicity of Cosmetics w.s.r. to Dushivisha
No full textCosmetics have become an integral part of daily routine of today’s youth. They include haircare, skincare products, etc. These cosmetics have different chemicals such as DEA, phthalates, sulphates, parabens, lanolin, etc. infused in them to give desired result. Due to long term usages, these chemicals accumulate in body and can cause cancer, reproductive and developmental disorders, contact dermatitis, hair loss, lung damage, ageing, skin disease, allergies and effect on nails, etc. Cosmetic toxicity can be related with Dushi Visha in Ayurveda. Dushivisha refers to any type of poison whether Sthawar, Jangam or Kritim Visha that has not been completely eliminated from the body or made partially ineffective by antidotes. It is a poison that has diminished potency due to environmental factors like fire, wind, or sunlight. Thus, to counter this type of poison, Agad Kalpas are mentioned in Samhitas. Pippalyadi Agad described in Yogratnakar acts against Dushivisha and it can decrease the action of Dushivisha caused by cosmetic toxicity
Immediate effect of Tadagi Mudra on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) among Healthy Individuals: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: Tadagi Mudra, is a Yogic Mudra practice that involves deep diaphragmatic breathing with abdominal expansion. In this study, the protocol aims to investigate the immediate effect of Tadagi Mudra on HRV in healthy individuals.
Methodology: This randomised controlled trial study design will be conducted at the Host Institution. A total of eighty participants will be randomly allocated to intervention (40) and control group (40). The intervention group will practice Tadagi Mudra of deep diaphragmatic breathing with abdominal expansion and the control group will practice simple natural breathing for 20 minutes. The primary and secondary outcomes will be Heart rate variability and blood pressure before and immediately after intervention. Data analysis will use R software to determine the effects of Tadagi Mudra on autonomic and cardiac function.
Discussion: Ancient yogic techniques of mudras are believed to influence pranic or energy channels to regulate autonomic functions, despite limited, previous studies indicate the importance of Gyan and Shunya mudra on parasympathetic enhancement. However, this study seeks to explore the immediate effects of Tadagi Mudra on HRV, contributing evidence to the growing body of research on the autonomic and therapeutic benefits of mudra practices
Raktamokshana and Cupping Therapy: A Comparative and Critical Review
No full textCupping therapy is an age-old technique found in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Unani and Islamic medicine which is referred as Hijama, and in Ayurveda it is stated as Raktamokshana. It involves the utilization of suction cups to specific body areas. Traditionally it is utilized to remove toxin and restore balance. Its popularity has surged globally, it is now increasingly adopted for pain relief, especially in musculoskeletal and pain-related conditions and inflammation reduction. Given its revival in modern times, especially among athletes and holistic practitioners, it is essential to critically evaluate its efficacy. This review aims to critically analyze the available scientific literature on cupping therapy regarding its classification, techniques, safety concerns, SOP of Cupping therapy and proposed mechanisms