Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)
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Global Trade Disruptions: The Impact of Tariff Policies on Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Companies and the Herbal Medicine Trade
No full textThe global herbal medicine industry, anchored by traditional systems such as Ayurveda, faces emerging challenges due to shifting international trade policies and tariff impositions. This article examines the potential impact of tariffs—particularly those proposed by major importers like the United States—on the export dynamics of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical companies and herbal formulations. While herbal drugs are currently exempt from punitive tariffs, ongoing investigations and policy shifts pose risks to market access, price competitiveness, and regulatory compliance. The analysis highlights the vulnerability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the strategic responses adopted by leading Ayurvedic firms, and the broader economic implications for India’s integrative healthcare sector. Recommendations include market diversification, digital expansion, and policy advocacy to safeguard the global momentum of herbal medicine. The article underscores the need for a balanced trade framework that respects the therapeutic and cultural significance of traditional medical systems
Effect of Cephagraine Tablets and Nasal Drops in Patients with Migraine and Sinusitis‑Related Headache: An Open‑Label Clinical Trial
No full textBackground: Headache disorders, particularly migraine and sinusitis‑related headache, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Misclassification between these conditions is common, often resulting in inappropriate therapy. Cephagraine, a polyherbal formulation available as tablets and nasal drops, contains herbs with anti‑inflammatory, analgesic, mucolytic, and neuroprotective properties. This study evaluated its efficacy in reducing headache severity and improving quality of life in patients with migraine or sinusitis‑related headache.
Methods: A prospective, interventional trial, open‑label, multi‑center trial enrolled 300 adults (aged 18–60 years), with 150 diagnosed with migraine (ICHD‑3 criteria) and 150 with sinusitis‑related headache (ENT examination using symptom‑based criteria). Participants received Cephagraine tablets (215 mg*2- thrice daily) and nasal drops (two drops per nostril thrice daily) for 15 days. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, Day 8, and Day 15 using validated scales: VAS, MIDAS, HIT‑6 for migraine; SNOT‑22, NOSE, VAS for sinusitis. Statistical analysis employed paired t‑tests, Wilcoxon signed‑rank tests, and ANOVA.
Results: Both groups demonstrated significant reductions in headache severity. VAS scores decreased from 7.8 to 2.6 in migraine patients and from 7.5 to 2.9 in sinusitis patients (p < 0.001). MIDAS scores reduced by 55.4%, while SNOT‑22 scores decreased by 52.8%. Frequency of headache episodes dropped by over 50% in both groups. Quality‑of‑life measures improved significantly (HIT‑6 reduction: 11.9 points; NOSE reduction: 33.8 points). Patient‑reported global improvement was high, with 82% of migraine and 78% of sinusitis patients reporting marked relief. Safety was favorable, with only mild nasal irritation in 6% of participants and >90% compliance.
Conclusion: Cephagraine tablets and nasal drops significantly reduced headache severity, frequency, and disability in both migraine and sinusitis patients, with strong safety and adherence profiles. These findings support Cephagraine’s dual‑action utility in managing overlapping headache presentations
A Comprehensive Review of Marma Chikitsa at Krikatika, Ansa, Ansa Phalak, Kurpar, and Indra Basti Marma Points for Cervical Spondylosis (Greeva Sandhigata Vata)
No full textCervical spondylosis is a degenerative disorder of the cervical spine that impairs patients’ quality of life by interfering with daily activities. Conventional management typically involves the use of analgesics and NSAIDs, which often produce undesirable side effects. Marma Chikitsa provides a secure and efficacious alternative therapy for cervical spondylosis, free from adverse effects. Stimulation of specific Marma points such as Kshipra, Indravasti, Kurpara, along with the posterior Marma points Krikatika, Amsa, and Amsaphalaka, has shown beneficial outcomes. Integrating Marma Chikitsa with standard Ayurvedic treatment protocols helps relieve pain and other symptoms, promotes faster recovery, and enhances quality of life. This review aims to explore and synthesize existing research and clinical evidence on how the manipulation or stimulation of these particular Marma points influences the management of cervical spondylosis (Greevasandhigatavata). The article likely discusses the anatomical and physiological relevance of these Marma points, the mechanisms through which Marma Chikitsa may alleviate symptoms like pain, stiffness, and functional impairment, and its overall efficacy as a treatment modality
Effect of Dhatuvriddhikara Churna (Ayurveda Herbal Formulation) and Haritakyadi Yoga Koshthashodhana (Therapeutic Purgation) in the Kshinashukra (Oligoasthenospermia) - A Structured Study Protocol of Open Labelled Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: Oligoasthenospermia is a common male infertility condition marked by reduced sperm count and motility, with values below WHO’s reference limits (15 million/ml concentration and 32% progressive motility) affecting fertilization potential. In Ayurveda, oligoasthenospermia correlates with Kshinashukra, caused by Shukra Dhatu Kṣhaya (depletion of semen) due to aggravated Vata-Pitta Dosha (functional regulatory factors), leading to reduced sperm count and motility.
Methods: This will be a single-center, open-label, randomized placebo-controlled trial. The study population will include participants diagnosed with Kshinashukra (oligoasthenospermia) and meets the inclusion criteria as sperm count below 15 million/ml of semen and progressive motility below 32% and age between 21 to 40 years. The intervention group will receive Haritakyadi Yoga Koshthashodhana (therapeutic purgation) followed by Dhatuvriddhikara Churna (4gm) in morning empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast with Godugdha (cow milk) 100ml for 45 days. The comparison group will receive a placebo of two capsules of 250 mg each in morning empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast with luke warm water for the initial 15 days followed by Dhatuvriddhikara Churna (4gm) in morning empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast with Godugdha (cow milk) 100ml for the next 45 days. The primary outcome will be the change in sperm count and motility from baseline to 60 days. Secondary outcomes include improvements in quality of life, measured using the Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (2008), and the occurrence of pregnancy in female partners. Data will be compiled in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS or Sigma-Stat. Results will be expressed as mean ± SD or percentages. Chi-square or Z test will assess baseline associations. Paired t-test will be used for within-group and unpaired t-test for between-group comparisons. A p-value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant result
Conclusion: Dhatuvriddhikara Churna is expected to improve sperm count and motility in Kshinashukra (oligoasthenospermia) with its effects potentially amplified when preceded by Haritakyadi Yoga Koshthashodhana
Reinterpreting Brahmacharya: A Conceptual Framework for Sensory Moderation and Ojas Conservation in Ayurvedic Lifestyle Medicine
No full textThe global rise in lifestyle-related diseases underscores the need for health principles addressing root causes of illness. Ayurveda offers a comprehensive wellness framework emphasizing Ojas (vital essence) and its protection through Brahmacharya. This conceptual study reexamines Brahmacharya—traditionally interpreted as celibacy—as a broader principle encompassing sensory and mental moderation, clarifying its role in Ojas preservation from a classical Ayurvedic perspective. An in-depth interpretive analysis of foundational texts—Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya—was conducted, focusing on textual references to Brahmacharya, Ojas, and their relationship within Ayurvedic health (Swasthya). The investigation establishes that Brahmacharya, understood as thoughtful regulation of sensory and mental experiences (Indriyartha Sannikarsha), constitutes the fundamental behavioral practice (Sadvritta) for maintaining Ojas—the cornerstone of immunity (Bala) and vitality. The study delineates a pathogenic mechanism wherein intellectual error (Prajnaparadha) triggers inappropriate sensory engagement, causing mental disturbance and subsequent Ojas depletion (Ojo Kshaya), ultimately manifesting as disease. A theoretical framework demonstrates how disciplined sensory engagement promotes mental equilibrium and sensory stability, directly preserving Ojas and fostering health. Understanding Brahmacharya as intentional sensory regulation provides a vital, actionable foundation for Ayurvedic preventive medicine (Swasthavritta). This reinterpretation offers a classically-grounded, practical approach to preventing lifestyle diseases through Ojas enhancement and promoting sustainable wellness in contemporary contexts
Vatastheela in the Classics: An In-Depth Literary Review
No full textIn Ayurvedic literature, common urinary disorders are categorized under names such as Mutrakricchra (Dysuria), Mutraghata (Obstructive Uropathy), and Ashmari (Urinary calculi). Among the thirteen types of Mutraghata, Vatastheela is a distinct condition characterized by suprapubic pain (Vasti Pradesha), urinary retention, and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). It primarily arises due to the vitiation of Apana Vayu, leading to the development of a firm, fixed glandular swelling in the pelvic region near the bladder. Vatastheela is a Vata-dominant disorder, marked by urinary obstruction, swelling, and pain. Its pathogenesis involves disturbed Apana Vata getting localized in the bladder region. Ayurvedic management includes Vata-pacifying treatments, Basti Karma (medicated enemas), and the use of diuretic (Mutrala) herbs, along with clinical practices such as Uttarbasti, Yoga, and Ashwini Mudra. This literary review aims to critically compile and analyze the classical and contemporary Ayurvedic perspectives on Vatastheela - covering its aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management. The review draws from extensive references found in ancient Ayurvedic texts including Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Ashtanga Sangraha, and others. In modern medical science, Vatastheela like features seen in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Understanding and exploring this ancient knowledge can help in structuring evidence-based clinical research and developing more integrative approaches for Ayurvedic scholars and practitioners in the future
Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect and Efficacy of Kadalikshara Cream in the Management of Pityriasis Versicolor
No full textIntroduction: Ayurveda medicine has valuable concepts that have been practiced for thousands of years. Introducing these concepts with modern scientific principles is a timely necessity. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect and efficacy of a cream prepared with Kadalīkṣāra (alkali of Musa paradisiaca L.) in the management of pityriasis versicolor.
Materials and Methods: Thirty patients clinically diagnosed with pityriasis versicolor were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A (trial group) was treated with Kadalīkṣāra cream containing 30% w/w alkali mixed with an emulsifying ointment base, while Group B (control group) received a plain cream base. The cream was applied twice daily for one month on cleaned and dried lesions. Lesion areas were measured weekly using a grid scale. Data were analysed using SPSS software and any adverse reactions were recorded.
Results: A significant reduction in lesion area was observed in the trial group (p < 0.001), indicating consistent improvement over time. Most patients achieved visible recovery by the fourth week while 93% of participants were free from complications.
Conclusion: The study concludes that Kadalīkṣāra cream possesses significant antifungal efficacy and is safe for external use in the management of pityriasis versicolor
Ayurvedic Methods to Revert Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Study Relating to Madhumeha a type of Vataja Prameha
No full textAyurvedic methods of treatment for diabetes included medicinal formulations along with suggestion of healthy diet and activities. By ayurvedic perspective treatment of diabetes depends on prognosis and pathogenesis of Prameha Vyadhi (diabetes). Vataja Prameha which can be correlated with type 2 diabetic condition is mentioned as Asadhya that is no cure but it can be manageable with Ayurveda. For this a detailed study of pathogenic process in Prameha is essential. It included etiological factors, Dosh-Dushya involved in pathogenesis, pre-symptomatic phase, symptomatic phase, complications etc. As like modern science, Ayurveda has not mentioned the specific age for prevalence of Prameha. This case is about a K/C/O type 2 DM for last 3 years to a female patient of very young age (26 years) and had just begun to show an early stage of diabetic complications like neuropathy and retinopathy. When she consulted to Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital, Derabassi, Punjab for Ayurvedic therapy this case was diagnosed as Vataja Prameha and treatment had been started accordingly. After 7 days of Panchkarma therapies, she showed some relief in symptoms. Then she was prescribed some herbal and herbo-mineral formulations along with lifestyle recommendation. Following to 10 months of this treatment her HbA1c showed positive finding of reduction in HbA1c by 2 % as compared to before treatment finding. Her diabetic condition shifted significantly from diabetic range to non-diabetic range within 10 months. She also mentioned relief in her chief complaints present at the time of consultation. Her treatment included formulations made up of contextual anti-diabetic herbs and minerals, diet and exercise recommendation and Panchkarma therapy
A critical review on therapeutic effect of Jathyadi Varthi
No full textJathyadi Varthi is a classical formulation mentioned in Vrinda Madhava, Nadivrana Cikitsa which is specially indicated for Nadivranas. Acharya has mentioned that Jathyadi Varthi cures Nadivrana in a very short period (Hanti Achirena Naadim). It can also be used in conditions like Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano), Nadivrana (Pilonidal Sinus, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, sinuses after abscess drainage, etc ) & Dushta Vrana (chronic ulcers like diabetic foot, osteomyelitis, etc). The unique combination of herbal drugs and latex-based binding agent makes it an effective local treatment for sinus and fistulous tracks. This review aims to explore the pharmacological properties, method of preparation, mode of action, and clinical applications of Jathyadi Varthi along with the need for standardization and further research
Comparative Characterization of Pure and Drug-Mixed Lead Surfaces: Morphological, Elemental and Toxicological Perspectives
No full textBackground: Lead (Naga) plays a significant role in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, particularly in ophthalmic formulations like Anjana. Classical processing is believed to detoxify the metal and impart therapeutic value. Modern analytical methods can help validate these transformations by comparing pure lead surfaces with drug-mixed ones.
Aim: To evaluate the pharmaceutical alterations in lead surfaces before and after drug interaction, focusing on morphology, elemental composition, and toxicological relevance.
Methods: Control Pb and drug-mixed Pb samples were analyzed. Surface morphology was examined using SEM, while EDS provided elemental composition. ICP-MS quantified trace Pb in drug formulations. Toxicological implications were assessed against WHO permissible limits and reported data on Siddha/Ayurvedic medicines.
Results: The control Pb surface was smooth with characteristic grooves and 100% Pb composition. After drug mixing, surfaces became rough and granular, with EDS showing reduced Pb (20.2%) and enrichment with Cl (54.8%) and S (24.9%), alongside minor Mg and Si. This indicates the formation of PbCl₂, PbS, or mixed phases. ICP-MS revealed Pb content in the drug at 2.5 ppm, safely within WHO guidelines (<10 ppm).
Conclusion: Drug interaction induces substantial morphological and chemical modifications in Pb surfaces, reducing free lead exposure and forming stable chlorine- and sulfur-rich compounds. These transformations demonstrate the pharmaceutical detoxification of lead and support the safety of properly processed Siddha formulations