Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care (AJPRHC)
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PRE-DIABETES
Full text linkPre-diabetes is a condition where the body's cells begin to show resistance to insulin. Glucose circulates in the blood instead of being used by the cells for energy. Blood sugar levels become elevated. Increased weight, unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to pre-diabetes. WHAT IS PRE-DIABETES A diagnosis of pre-diabetes means that the cells in your body are becoming resistant to insulin and your blood glucose levels are higher than they should be. Since the levels aren't as high as they would be if you had Type 2 diabetes, the term "pre-diabetes" is used. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF PREDIABETES Prediabetes almost always precedes type 2 diabetes. High blood sugar levels are not only linked to type 2 diabetes, but to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Prediabetes was formerly referred to as impaired fasting glucose (IFG)i.e 100-120 mg/dl or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)i.e 140-200 mg/dl.People diagnosed with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance) can reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by losing just 5 to 7 percent of their body weight and exercising regularly, according to a clinical study by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
HEALTH BENEFITS OF BARLEY
Full text linkPrevalence of lifestyle diseases is increasing day by day. Mostly the younger generation do not have much awareness about healthy nutritional supplements. One such important cereal grain not used mostly by youngsters is barley It is a good old grain with so many health benefits like weight reduction, decreasing blood pressure, blood cholesterol, blood glucose in Type 2 diabetes and preventing colon cancer. It is easily available and cheap grain. It contains both soluble and insoluble fiber, protein, vitamins B and E, minerals selenium, magnesium and iron, copper, flavonoids and anthocynins. Barley contains soluble fiber, beta glucan binds to bile acids in the intestines and thereby decreasing plasma cholesterol levels. Absorbed soluble fiber decreases cholesterol synthesis by liver and cleansing blood vessels. Insoluble fiber provides bulkiness in the intestines, thereby satiety. decreased appetite. It promotes intestinal movements relieving constipation, cleansing colonic harmful bacteria and reduced incidence of colonic cancer. It is a good source of niacin ,reducing LDL levels and increasing HDL levels. Selenium and vitamin E providing beneficial antioxidant effects. Magnesium, a cofactor for many carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and high fiber content contributes for its blood glucose reducing effect in Type 2 diabetes. It is having good diuretic activity and is useful in urinary tract infections. Barley contains gluten, contraindicated in celiac disease
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION & VALIDATION OF PARACETAMOL, PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE IN TABLETS BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD
Full text linkThe present work describes two methods for simultaneous estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate in pure and solid dosage forms. First method employs the application of simultaneous equation and second, is a multi-wavelength spectrophotometric analysis method. Both methods utilize 0.1N NaOH as solvent. Simultaneous equation develops using 256.8 nm, 236.8 nm and 222.4 nm as the max of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate respectively. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 0-35 μg/mL for all drugs. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation < 1 %), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming, and hence can be suitably applied for simultaneous determination of three drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and in commercial tablet preparation
CACO-2 CELLS: AN OVERVIEW
Full text linkThe Caco-2 cell line is an immortalized line of heterogeneous human epithelialcolorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells that are able toexpress differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such asenterocytes or mucus cells. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related tointestinal cell function and differentiation. The Caco-2 cell line is widely used with invitro assays to predict the absorption rate of candidate drug compounds across theintestinal epithelial cell barrier. Caco-2 may also refer to a cell monolayer absorptionmodel. Cell-based functional assays, such as the Caco-2 drug transport model forassessing intestinal transport, are extremely valuable for screening lead compounds indrug discover
ENHANCED LIVER DELIVERY AND SUSTAINED RELEASE OF CURCUMIN WITH DRUG LOADED NANOPARTICLES AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION IN RATS
Full text linkLiver targeting drug delivery systems can improve thedelivery of several drugs useful in the treatment of liverdisorders such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Theobjective of this study was to prepare the biodegradablenanoparticles containing curcumin, a well-knownhepatoprotective agent and further to evaluate the livertargetability and sustained release of curcumin with thedeveloped nanoformulation. Curcumin nanoparticleswere prepared by double emulsion (w/o/w) solventevaporation method using different drug polymer ratios.Poly-ε-caprolactone was used in the preparation. Theprepared formulations were evaluated for particles size,surface potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release,drug polymer interaction. Four different formulationsCNP1, CNP2, CNP3 and CNP4 were prepared.Optimized formulation (CNP3) was evaluated forpharmacokinetics and hepatoprotective activity in CCl4induced liver toxicity model after i.v. administration.Optimized formulation was selected based on the size,entrapment efficiency and release characteristics.Curcumin i.v. solution and oral suspension form wereused as the reference. Particle size of all formulationswas in the range of 300-470 nm and the entrapmentefficiencies were in the range of 75-85 %. Drug releasefrom the nanoparticles was sustained both in vitro and invivo. Nanoparticle formulation tested in vivodemonstrated better pharmacokinetics andpharmacodynamics compared to the reference. Druglevels in the liver were significantly higher withnanoparticular formulation. Thus, this studysuccessfully prepared a nanoparticular formulationcontaining curcumin with polycaprolactone as thepolymer. With the developed formulation better livertargetability was achieved
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN TABLETS OF ACECLOFENAC FOR COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY
Full text linkThe present study objective was to develop novel colon specific drug delivery systems for aceclofenac using chitosan as a microbially degradable polymeric carrier and to coat the optimized batches with a pH dependent polymeric coating solution containing Eudragit L 100 and S 100 (1:4). Tablets containing four proportions of chitosan were prepared. The tablets were evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content, dissolution, water uptake & erosion characteristics, in vitro drug release studies. The amount of aceclofenac released from the chitosan tablets at different time intervals was estimated by UV spectrophotometric method at 275nm. Eudragit coated Chitosan tablets prevented release of the aceclofenac in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine depending on the proportion of chitosan used in the formulation. The dissolution profile and in vitro release kinetics showed that chitosan tablets were promising for controlled delivery of the drug. The findings of the present study conclusively state that chitosan tablets are promising for colon targeting of aceclofenac to synchronize the chronobiological symptoms for effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LEUCAS URTICIFOLIA (VAHL) BENTH
Full text linkMedicinal plants have attracted increased attention because of their beneficial effects on human health. Many medicinal plants are used as traditional medicine in various countries for long time. A large number of secondary metabolites with various biological activities have been discovered from various medicinal plants and some bioactive substances derived from plants have diverse functional roles as secondary metabolites and these properties can be applied to the developments of novel pharmaceuticals. Leucas Urticifolia (family- Lamiaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant and has various activities. Chemical studies have underlined the presence of various classes of compounds, the main being triterpenes, diterpene, flavonoids and fatty acids. The extract of this plant as well as pure compounds isolated from this plant, have been demonstrated to posses multiple pharmacological activities. In this review, we have explored the phytochemistry and pharmacological activites of Leucas Urticifolia in order to collate existing information on this plant as well as highlight its multi-activity properties as a medicinal agent
EMERGING TRENDS OF PROBIOTICS IN FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AS A BIOTHERAPEUTICS AGENT
Full text linkEvery being wants to live a healthy life. The increase in the discovery and development of medicines is the provokingdemand of mankind to meet with the increasing and spreading illness of the society. Pharmaceutical Sciences have proved itsworth to meet with the emerging problems with thorough challenges.The concept of probiosis, prebiosis and symbiosis havebeen recently emerged and being implemented in pharmaceutics to develop, design and delivery of probiotic drugs whichcan be administered orally as other medicines with its efficient efficacy and least jeopardy.However with the undergoingtrends of its designing and discovery, the emphasis has been focused on to its bimolecular mode of action. The presentreview work would also emphasize the pros and cons of the probiotic food supplements with the necessity for the inventionof preceding probiotic drugs which would rapidly pounce, quell and substitute the use of probiotic foods. The idea of thisprobiotic drug designing will be salutary to the society and would also meet with the cost
SYSTEMIC DELIVERY OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM AFTER TOPICAL APPLICATION OF GELS INCORPORATED WITH DRUG-LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES (SLN)
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate gels incorporating solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of diclofenac sodium for systemic delivery of the active after topical application. SLNs were prepared using hot homogenization followed by sonication technique and these were incorporated into freshly prepared carbopol gel. Three different gel formulations (DSL1, DSL2 and DSL3) were prepared and characterized for particle size, charge, viscosity, morphology, and drug-lipid compatibility. The gels were evaluated for in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation studies and in vivo absorption. The gels enriched with SLN sustained the drug release for 24 h both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest enhancement in systemic delivery of diclofenac sodium with gels incorporating SLNs
FORMULATION AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLET OF ONDANSETRON HCL
Full text linkOndansetron HCl is a potent, highly selective 5-HT3receptor-antagonist used to prevent nausea andvomiting, mainly in patients undergoing chemotherapyand radiation treatments. The aim of present work wasto formulate, evaluate and optimize gastro-retentivetablet of Ondansetron HCl which would beadvantageous, that can provide prolong gastricretention and increase efficacy of the dosage form. Informulation optimization, different formulation ofHPMC polymer, NaCMC and NaHCO3 were studiedwith help of 32 full factorial designs. It was found thatHPMC K4M with concentration 40%, NaCMC 5%and NaHCO3 with 17% concentrations showed goodsustained and floating ability and it releases 94.51%drug within 24 hrs. During study of effect of processparameters, it was concluded that release of drugdecreases with decreasing granular size. The dryingtime (10 and 20 min) and drying temperature (40° and50°C), does not have any significant effect on therelease profile of drug