Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care (AJPRHC)
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PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF NNDMAC BIODEGRADABLE PARENTERAL SUSTAINED RELEASE MICROSPHERES
Full text linkThe objective of this work was to prepare biodegradable sustained release parenteralmicrospheres of NNDMA-curcumin (NNDMAC), a novel curcumin analogue, characterize theformulation and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the microsphere formulation.Microspheres were prepared using solvent evaporation technique using polycaprolactone andwere further characterized for various parameters. In vivo animal studies for 10 days were carriedout for the determination of hepatoprotective activity of the formulation in a CCl4 model.Particles of 12 μm size with 75.41% yield with no drug-polymer interaction were obtained. Thedrug release was sustained for 10 days. Significant hepatoprotection which was better thanrepeated I.V. administration was offered by the microsphere formulation in this 10-day study.Prepared NNDMAC microspheres have potential use in liver toxicity/cirrhosis
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF THREE-COMPONENT IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMULATION
Full text linkABSTRACT:An accurate, simple, reproducible andsensitive method for the determination ofparacetamol, caffeine and chlorpheniraminemaleate in tablet dosage form is developed andvalidated. The separation is achieved usingHiQsilC18HS reverse-phase column (250 X 4.6mm I.D., particle size 5μm) using a mixture ofacetonitrile and water in the proportion 55:300with final pH of 2.4 adjusted with o-phosphoricacid as a mobile phase. The flow rate is 1.0mL/ min and effluents were monitored at 265nm. Total run time is less than 12 min. andretention time of paracetamol, caffeine andchlorpheniramine maleate are 6.742, 9.417, and3.683 min respectively. Validation of method isdone as per ICH guideline for accuracy,precision, linearity, specificity, and sensitivity.The linearity for paracetamol is found to be100-650 μg/mL where as for caffeine andchlorpheniramine maleate is found in the rangeof 15-100 μg/mL. Result of validation study isfound statistically significant because all thestatistical parameters were within theacceptance range (COV and S.D. <1.0 for bothaccuracy and precision). The limits of detection(LOD) values are 1.2014, 0.4587 and 0.8945and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values are0.5142, 0.4512 and 0.7845 μg/mL forparacetamol, caffeine and chlorpheniraminemaleate respectively. High percentage recoveryand low COV value revealed the reliability ofthe method for quantitative study of threedrugs in Fevril tablets as a quality-control toolfor routine quantitative determination ofparacetamol, caffeine and chlorpheniraminemaleate
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR VACCINES AND THE ROLE OF REVERSE VACCINOLOGY
Full text linkThe concept of vaccination has been around forcenturies .Vaccines constitutes cost-effective measures forpreventing disease. Advances in biotechnology and anunderstanding of the inductive and effector components ofimmune responses have ushered in a „golden age‟ ofvaccine development and implementation. Many licensedvaccines have one or more ideal characteristics, but nonemanifests them all. Of the generic vaccine technologies andvaccination strategies in different stages of development,some have already demonstrated their flexibility,practicality, robustness and potential simplicity ofproduction and others hold promise for the future.Although conventional methods of development ofvaccines are successful in many cases, this approach took along time to provide vaccines against those pathogens forwhich the solution was easy and failed to provide a solutionfor those bacteria and parasites that did not have obviousimmunodominant protective antigens. The reverseapproach to vaccine development takes advantage of thegenome sequence of the pathogen. This approach allowsnot only the identification of all the antigens seen by theconventional methods, but also the discovery of novelantigens that work on a totally different paradigm. With thegenome sequences of many bacteria, parasites and virusesto be completed in the near future, many vaccinesimpossible to develop will become reality, and novelvaccines, using non-conventional antigens (i.e. nonstructuralproteins) can be develope
Say No to Indiscriminate usage of NSAIDs
Full text linkSay No to Indiscriminate usage of NSAIDsIt will be our tradition to start every issue with a topic which demands attention of peopleespecially pharma professionals and of course the researchers. NSAIDs are proved to be verybeneficial as analgesic, antipyretic and anti inflammatory agents. Their usage is becoming moreand more as they are available as OTC drugs. Its worth to remember that they too possessesnumber of side effects, including GI side effects, Nephropathy, liver failure and prolongedbleeding after an injury or surgery. It is now reported NSAIDs causes dementia and showsnegative effect on protein synthesis. Their cardiovascular risk was in the head lines for severalmonths. One more fact is that no NSAID should be taken for more than 10 days, unless a doctorhas prescribed otherwise. Unnecessary and indiscriminate usage of NSAIDS increasingalarmingly (Green, 2001) and should be taken care of. They often take along with prescriptiondrugs and there are several incidences of drug interactions. For example concomitant usage ofanticoagulants or oral glucocorticoids should be avoided. (Ibuprofen, Clinical Pharmacologywww.clinicalpharmacology.com). So, indiscriminate usage of NSAIDs should be regulated
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF NIOSOMES OF BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE AS OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Full text linkNioosomes of brimonidine tartrate were prepared by film hydration method. The prepared vesicles were evaluated for photomicroscopic characteristics, entrapment efficiency, in vitro, ex- in vitro drug release, in vivo intra ocular pressure lowering activity. Methods employed for the preparation of vesicles were found to be simple and reproducible, produced vesicles of acceptable shape and size with unimodal frequency distribution pattern. The in vitro, ex-in vitro drug release studies showed that there was a slow and prolonged release of drug which followed zero order kinetics. The intra ocular pressure lowering activity of prepared formulations were determined and compared with pure drug solution. It was found that intra ocular pressure lowering action was sustained for longer period of time. Stability study data revealed that the formulations were found to be stable when stored at refrigerator temperature (2 °C to 8 °C) and at 25 °C with no change in shape and drug content. Results of the study indicated that it is possible to develop a safe and physiological effective topical niosomal formulation which is patient compliance
IN VITRO CHARACTERZATIOAN AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR METOPROLOL TARTARATE
Full text linkTransdermal delivery system bypass the hepatic first pass metabolism and avoid drug degradation due to gastrointestinal pH, enzymes etc., minimize plasma level fluctuations and extend the drug activity besides improving patient compliance. Transdermal films of metoprolol tartarate were prepared using polymers such as ethyl cellulose, poly vinyl alcohol, eudragit RL100, eudragit L100. Di-n-butylphlthalate was used as plasticizer. The study was undertaken to report the film forming properties of polymers used and in vitro drug release from the prepared monolithic matrices. Effect of drug loading on the drug release rate was also studied. The transdermal films were prepared using solvent casting method. These films were evaluated for Thickness, Percent moisture loss, Percent moisture absorption, Drug content, Weight variation and folding endurance. In-vitro drug release kinetics was studied using Franz-diffusion cell. Drug release followed zero order kinetics. Drug loading at different concentrations found to have less effect on the film forming properties of the constituent polymers. Results have shown enhanced flux per unit time across rat skin. In conclusion combination of ethyl cellulose, poly vinyl alcohol, eudragit RL100, eudragit L100 and Di-n-butylphlthalate can potentially be optimized to develop an effective transdermal drug delivery system for metoprolol tartarat
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF EXTENDED RELEASE NIMESULIDE TABLET BASED ON DIFFUSION CONTROLLED MECHANISM
Full text linkNow a days the concept of controlled release is quiet popular amongst the formulation scientists. The aim of thisstudy was to develop a once-daily sustained release matrix tablet of Nimesulide using hydroxyl propylmethylcellulose (HPMC K4M) as release controlling factor and to evaluate drug release parameters as per variousrelease kinetic models. The tablets were prepared using wet granulation method. Total of five batches were preparedfrom which two selected batches were further evaluated. Different dissolution models were applied to drug releasedata in order to evaluate release mechanisms and kinetics. The “n” Value of both batches indicates that the drugrelease mechanism follows “Anomalous Transport”. From all these data it is quite clear that batch F2 is optimized asits release kinetic was found to be as per Korsmeyer Peppas model rather than first order of F4
A COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY OF IXORA COCCINEA L. PLANTS WITH RED, ORANGE, PINK AND WHITE FLOWERS
Full text linkEradication of pathogenic bacterial infection is the most effective means of curing several diseases and preventingrecurrent episodes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative antibacterial activity of Ixora coccinea L.plants with red, orange, pink and white flowers against tested bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both the methanolic and aqueous extracts of all four types of flowers exhibited considerable antibacterialactivities against bacteria. The methanolic extracts of red and pink flowers exhibited high antibacterial activity whereas orangeflowers showed moderate activity while white flowers showed low activity. The aqueous extracts displayed less inhibitory effectscompared to the methanolic extracts. The aqueous extracts of red and pink flowers showed considerable high antibacterialactivity compared to orange and white flowers. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids,glycosides, steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids and tannins
ANXIOLYTIC AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF HEART WOOD OF CEDRUS DEODARA ROXB IN RODENTS
Full text linkThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic and anti-convulsant activityof the alcoholic extract of heart wood of Cedrus deodara (ALCD). 50,100 and 200 mg/kg ofalcoholic extract of Cedrus deodara (ALCD) were tested for its anxiolytic and anticonvulsantactivity. Elevated plus maze model (EPM), Actophotometre, Light-dark model were used fortesting anxiolytic activity and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions and Maximalelectro shock (MES) induced convulsions models in mice were used for the assessment of itsanticonvulsant activity, Pretreatment with ALCD and estimation of GABA in rat brain tissuesalso performed to study the effect of ALCD (30, 100 mg/kg) on GABA levels of brain. InActophotometre test, higher doses (100 and 200mg/kg) of ALCD has showed significant CNSdepression by reducing locomotor activity in mice. In EPM the 100 and 200mg/kg of ALCDhas increased the time spent in the open arm and decreased time spent in the closed arm. InLight-dark model the 100 and 200mg/kg of ALCD has showed significant increase in the timespent in light zone when compare to the dark zone. In PTZ induced convulsions model 100 and200 mg/kg of ALCD has increased the onset of clonus and tonic seizures
DODONAEA VISCOSA LINN.-AN OVERVIEW
Full text linkDodonaea viscosa Linn. is an evergreen woody perennial shrub, though it is a nativeplant of Australia, indigenous and wide spread throughout the tropics. In Traditional system ofmedicine, various plant parts such as stem, leaves, seeds, roots, bark and aerial parts are used asantibacterial, analgesic antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antioxidant. The presentreview is therefore an effect to give a detailed survey of the literature on its pharmacognosy,phytochemistry, traditional and pharmacological use