Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care (AJPRHC)
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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF VARIETY PLANTS AGAINST THE RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS WHICH CAUSE CLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS
Full text linkStreptococcus is considered to be one of the most dangerous causes of Clinical mastitis in cows. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of extracts prepared from different parts of the flowing plants: Oleaeuropea Linn(Oleaceae), Myrtuscommunis Linn (Liliaceae) ,thymus vulgaris Linn (Laminaceae), Rosemery Linn(Laminaceae), Ficuscarica Linn (Moraceae), and Achilleafalcata Linn(Asteraceae) against resistant Streptococcus in 1371 Samples of milk. This work was achieved in four stages: First of all, the presence of Streptococcus in 1371 Samples of milk, by using blood agar, Bile Esculin agar, and some bio-chemical tests were investigated .Secondly, the antibacterial activity of many antibiotics on these bacteria by using disc diffusion method were determined.Thirdly, the plants were extracted with water, absolute alcohol, and petroleum Ether by using soxhlet apparatus and rotary vacuum evaporator. Fourthly, the antibacterial activity of the extractions on resistant Streptococcus was determined by using disc diffusion method. This study has shown the presence of different antibacterial effectiveness of the extracts prepared from different parts of those plants. The extract of thymus vulgaris is more effective when compared to the extract of Oleaeur opaea against resistant Streptococcus.
EFFECT OF BENZOIN RESIN ON THE SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVELS IN TEMPORARY JAUNDICE INDUCED BY PHENYLHYDRAZINE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Full text linkBilirubin is the degradation product of heme, thebulk of which is derived from hemoglobin of senescenterythrocytes and hepatic hemoproteins. Bilirubin ispotentially toxic, but is normally rendered harmless bybinding to plasma albumin, and efficient hepatic clearance.Jaundice, (also known as icterus) is a yellowishpigmentation of the skin, the conjunctival membranes overthe sclerae (whites of the eyes), and other mucousmembranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia (increased levelsof bilirubin in the blood). Complications of jaundiceinclude sepsis especially cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis,pancreatitis, coagulopathy, renal and liver failure.Treatment of rats with Phenylhydrazine 5 mg/ kg bodyweight for five days resulted in the development ofjaundice as BR level was found to be higher than 2 mg/dL.Bilirubin lowering potential of Benzoin ethyl alcoholextract was evaluated in temporarily jaundiced adultwistar rats. Treatment of these rats with Benzoin extractfor seven days reduced the BR level significantly to thenormal value. Whereas smaller dose (10mg/kg bodyweight) resulted in the reduction in BR level from 2.51 ±0.02 to 0.90 ± 0.01 mg/dL, higher doses of 20 and 40mg/kg body weight were found to be more effective inreducing the bilirubin level from 2.54 ± 0.01 to 0.82 ±0.01 mg/dL and from 2.49±0.02 to 0.66±0.01 mg/dL,respectively. Therefore, Benzoin ethyl alcohol extract canbe used to reduce bilirubin concentration to a normal levelin jaundiced subjects
SCREENING OF HMG CO A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR PRODUCING MARINE ACTINOMYCETES
Full text linkThe objective of the present study was screening of 3-hydroxy-3- methyl glutaryl Co A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor producing marine actinomycetes. A total of 65 morphologically different actinomycetes were screened for HMG CoA reductase inhibitor production in a two stage submerged fermentation and evaluated for HMG CoA reductase inhibitor activity by agar diffusion and thin layer chromatography technique using lovostatin as a control. Among 65 marine Actinomycete strains, only one strain produced HMG Co A reductase inhibito
DEVELOPMENT OF ROPINIROLE (FREE BASE) TRANSDERMAL PATCH US ING BLENDS OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE/EUDRAGITS AND IT’ S IN VITRO/ IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION
Full text linkThe objective of this study was toprepare and evaluate a matrix type transdermal patch ofropinirole using blends ofhydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and EudragitRL 100 and HPMC and Eudragit ERS100. Materialsand Methods: Ropinirole free based used as the drugentity was prepared from its hydrochloride salt.Suitability of the polymers in the form of drug-excipientcompatability was determined prior to formulationdevelopment using FTIR. Patches were developed usingsolvent evaporation technique. Limonene was used asa penetration enhancer. Moisture absorption,moisture content and mechanical properties, drugcontent, in vitro drug release, drug-excipient compatibility,in vitro skin permeation were the in vitro parametersmeasured. Short-term stability, skin irritation andin vivo drug release were measured with oneoptimized formulation. Results and discussion:Ropinirole free base was used successfully in thepreparation of the patches. FTIR studies indicated nointeraction between the drug and the polymers of thisstudy. Formulations developed were strong and notbrittle with uniform drug release. Patches containinghigher HPMC generally showed higher drug releaseand permeation. Drug release and permeation decreasedwith increase in the concentrations of Eudragits. Drugrelease studies indicated Higuchi model for all thepatches with a diffusion mechanism of non-fickian type.Short-term stability studies indicated that ropinirolewas stable in the patches. Patches did not cause any skinirritation. In vivo the optimized patch sustained drugrelease for 24 hours upon one time administration.Conclusion: Clinically viable ropinirole transdermalpatch can be successfully prepared from its base formusing HPMC/Eudragits
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE
Full text linkABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to develop salbutamol sulphate matrix tablets, sustained release dosage form, for the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Simultaneous equations were formed to calculate the concentration values of Salbutamol sulphate and drug compatibility study was performed through Infrared spectroscopy. The matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using two hydrophobic polymers such as Ethyl cellulose and Acrycoat S-100 in varying ratios. The granules exhibited satisfactory rheological demeanor. All the seven tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with the in-house specifications for tested parameters. The results of formulation F-4 (Ethyl cellulose and Acrycoat in 2:1 ratio) could extend the release of Salbutamol sulphate up to 12 hr and was found comparable to marketed sustained release products. Model fitting analysis (Zero order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas model) for all the formulations were performed and it was seen that all the formulations predominantly follow the Higuchi model. While comparing with the ‘n’ values of all the formulations of Korsmeyer-Peppas model, Fickian/Diffusion controlled release was observed in case of F-4 and F-5, whereas for the other formulations non-Fickian transport was observed
REVERSE PHASE HPLC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF NEBIVOLOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Full text linkNebivolol1chemically [1-(6-fluorochroman-2-yl)-{[2-(6-fluorochroman-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino} ethanol)] is a long acting cardio selective beta-blocker currently used for thetreatment of hypertension. A sensitive and precise RP-HPLC method has been developed andvalidated for the determination of Nebivolol in dosage forms. The drug was chromatographed ona C-18 column using a mixture of water and Methanol in the ratio (40:60) as mobile phase at aflow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Chlorzoxazone was used as an internal standard and detection was doneat 282 nm. Linearity range is found to be 5-100 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient 0.9999 .Themean recoveries obtained for Nebivolol range from 99.6-100.8%. Due to its simplicity,rapidness, high precision and accuracy the proposed method may be used for determiningNebivolol in bulk and dosage forms
SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF 8-CHLORO-3-CYANO-4-IMINO-2-METHYLTHIO-4H-PYRIMIDO [2, 1-B] [1, 3] BENZOTHIAZOLE AND ITS 2-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES
Full text link8-Chloro-3-cyano-4-imino-2-methylthio-4H-pyrimido [2, 1-b] [1, 3] benzothiazole and its 2-substituted derivatives has been prepared and evaluated at National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA for their in vitro anticancer activity towards 60 Human Cancer cell lines, derived from various cancer types. Results revealed that all these compounds displayed remarkable anticancer action across human cancer cell lines. Compounds 3, 4c and 4e are selected by NCI for further anticancer activity at five dose concentration level
COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF SIRTUINS IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Full text linkAgeing in humans refers to a biological process of life engaged with physical, psychological, and social changes. Different species of animals age at radically different paces and occurrences of diseases. Drug designing approaches related to an aging factor, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus has been reported in the present study. Resveratrol and human Sirtuins (1 to 6) are docked against Type 2 Diabetes mellitus HNF-1a motif with PDB ID: 2GYP using Hex 5.1. Resveratrol and Sirtuin 6 shown good results and can use as anti-aging drugs against Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES OF GLYCOSMIS PENTAPHYLLA AND SPONDIAS PINNATA
Full text linkExtracts from Glycosmis pentaphylla roots, and stem heart wood and bark ofSpondias pinnata when tested in vitro, showed potent Anthelmintic activity on theearthworm, Pheretima posthuma. Methanolic extract of G. pentaphylla was moreactive than its chloroform extract (p<0.001), while stem heart wood Methanolicextract of S. pinnata was also more potent than the bark extract
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE HIGH DENSITY TABLET OF PROPAFENONE HCL
Full text linkA novel Propafenone HCl gastric-resident tablet was developed. A controlled release matrix tablet was prepared byusing various controlled release polymers i.e. HPMC E5 and HPMC K100M. Pharmaceutical zinc oxide powderwas used as a density-increasing agent. The formulations were evaluated for pharmacopoeial quality control testsand all the physical parameters evaluated were within the acceptable limits. Prepared high density tablet showeddensity up to 1.63 gm/cm3 which is higher than the gastric fluid. Also it shows good dimensional stability till the 12h. In vitro release study shows the good drug release up to the 12 h. Stability studies were carried out on theoptimized formulation for period of 3 months at 400c / 75%RH. Finally it was observed that there was no change inphysiochemical and physical properties as well as in drug release profile even after storage at 45 °C and 75 % forthree months. Zinc oxide increases the system density, making the system resident in stomach to prolong the drugdelivery time in absorption zone