Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care (AJPRHC)
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IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF SEED EXTRACT OF SOLANUM VIRGINIANUM
Full text linkThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of seed extract of Solanum Virginianum. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH scavenging assay while the anticancer property of the Solanum virginanum in swiss albino mice against Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL).Tumor was induced in mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of Dalton Ascites Lymphoma cells (1 x 105 cells / mouse).The seed extract was found to possess significant antioxidant and anticancer activities
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PUNICA GRANATUM AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPE (D)
Full text linkThe search for new antibiotics and alternative products to solve the increasing number of bacterial resistance to customary antibiotics has become an urgent need. To investigate the effectiveness of the extracts prepared from different parts of Syrian Punica granatum Linn (family Punicaceae), against Clostridium perfringens type (D), which is resistant against many antibiotics, 684 samples were isolated from intestines and livers of death goats by using blood agar, and a selective agar for growing of Clostridium perfringens(SPS agar). The isolated bacteria were typed by using ELISA apparatus. Many parts of Punica granatum was extracted with water, absolute alcohol, then ether by using soxhlet apparatus and rotary evaporator. The Antibiotic susceptibility testing of many antibiotics was conducted by using disc diffusion method in anaerobic atmosphere and break points method. The alcoholic extracts prepared from many parts of punica granatum (pericarp, leaves, flowers, seeds) showed different antibacterial effect against Clostridium perfringens type(D),whereas the studied antibiotics had not shown any antibacterial effect, except Clindamycin which showed partial effectiveness.
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE ON HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A LONGITUDINAL DATA ANALYSIS FROM 1995-2010
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to examine the determinants of healthcare expenditure in Bangladesh between 1995 and 2010 byapplying the World development indicator data. First, I developed an empirical model for longitudinal data analysis to determinant thehealthcare expenditure under the human capital and economic growth. Next, I explored the dynamic relationships among healthcareexpenditure, human capital and economic growth usingOLSmodel. The expenditure in private healthcare was 2.3% and 1.2% GDPfor the public health in 2010. A Wald statistic determined the joint significance of the data andR2= 99.42%for human capital andR2=99.44% for economic growth indicates thismodel was the best fit. The empirical results concerned that healthcare expenditure GDPper capita plays an important role in economic growth and an income elasticity about 0.34 that implies healthcares are not luxury goodin the Bangladesh
IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES IN PASSIFLORA FOETIDA L.
Full text linkInvestigation of the total phenol content, total flavanoid content, in vitro lipid peroxidation and radical scavenging activities fromPassiflora foetida L. Extraction from various solvents were used for the estimations. Among the five extracts, the flavanoid andphenol content was found to be high in aqueous and ethanol extract of leaf when compared to root extract. Differentconcentrations of plant extracts were used (100 – 500 μg/ml) and results showed strong reducing power at the concentration of500μg/ml and the activity increases in dose dependent manner as to that of standard BHT. That the highest free radicalscavenging activity was found in ethanolic extract of leaf of Passiflora foetida L. Consumption of P. foetida L. will reduce thefree radical formation and afford protection against reactive oxygen species produced during diabetes which may be due to thepresence of phenol and flavanoids
SCREENING THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ESCHERICHIA COLI TYPE (1)
Full text linkThe increasing number of Escherichia coli causing mastitis and of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics has become aserious problem in recent years. So the search for new antibiotics and alternative products to solve this problem is the question ofthe age. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the extracts prepared from different parts of the following plants:Olea europea Linn (Oleaceae) ، Myrtus communis Linn (Liliaceae)، Majorana syriacus Linn (Laminaceae)، Zingiber officinaleLinn (Zingiberaceae)، Achillea falcata Linn (Asteraceae) against resistant Escherichia coli Type (1). Investigation began forE.coli bacteria in 667 milk samples. The bacteria were identified culturally, morphologically and biochemically. Antibioticsusceptibility testing against E.coli by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method were conducted. Then using the blood agar,MacConkey agar, salmonella - shigella agar, and biochemical testing method [API 20 E testing Enterobacteriaceae] were made totype E.coli. Plants were extracted with water, absolute alcohol, then ether using a soxhlet apparatus and rotary vacuumevaporator. Then extracts susceptibility testing against antibiotic resistant E.coli Type (1) were studied. E. coli was defined asoxidase negative, indole positive, catalase positive. The studied antibiotics did not show any antibacterial effect against E.coli .By the results of the biochemical analysis (API20e) on resistant E.coli , E.coli type (1) was 33.35% of the total number ofsamples. The anti-bacterial effectiveness against E.coli type (1) of ethanol extracts prepared from different parts of the studiedplants were variant, whereas the Myrtus communis extract effectively has the most powerful antibacterial effect for these bacteria,while the Zingiber officinale extract has the lowest influence
GASTRO-PROTECTION OF ATORVASTATIN IN INDOMETHACIN-INDUCED ULCER: ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA AND PROSTAGLANDINS
Full text linkUsing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as over-the-counter pain-killers may predispose to gastric ulcer as a side effect.The objective of this study is to investigate the possible benefit of a common statin used in hyperlipedemic patients;atorvastatin (AtoR), in ameliorating the ulcerogenic effect of indomethacin (IndoM), and to explore the possible mechanismsinvolved. AtoR (10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days. At day 7, gastric ulcer was induced by a single dose ofIndoM (40 mg/kg i.p.), with or without AtoR pre-treatment. IndoM induced gastric ulcer as evident by notable gastriculceration in histopathological sections compared to normal control. Gastric tissue in rats receiving IndoM showedsignificantly higher oxidative stress markers as lipid peroxidation represented by increased malondialdehyde (MDA)content, with significant decrease in gastric tissue nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, as well as reductionin catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymatic activities. In addition, IndoM induced inflammatory signs asshown by the significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level assessed via ELISA. Pre-administration ofAtoR significantly decreased ulcer index (16±1) compared to that of IndoM alone (34±2). In addition, AtoR restored normalgastric histological structure and reverted oxidative and inflammatory markers tested. AtoR confers gastro-protection againstIndoM-induced ulceration via reducing gastric oxidative stress and increasing gastric NO and PGE2 levels, as well asdecreasing the inflammatory marker; TNF-α
EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF LAVANDULA ANTINEAE MAIRE ENDEMIC MEDICINAL PLANT FROM ALGERIA
Full text linkThe present study was designed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contents,antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Lavandula antineae Maire for the first time. Phytochemical screening revealed thepresence of anthraquinones, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, O-heterosides, C-heterosides. Total phenolic andflavonoid contents of the extracts varied between 12.49-262.35 mg GAE/g extract and 1.35-4.03 mg QE/g extract,respectively. The antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. Theresults indicated that ethyl acetate and diethyl ether fractions exhibited stronger activities than hydromethanolic crude extractand other fractions. In case of cytotoxicity assay, hydromethanolic extract was found to show good toxicity against brineshrimp nauplii (LC50= 13.72 μg/ml)
EFFECT OF EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES EXTRACT ON MEMBRANE BOUND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN THE TISSUES OF STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Full text linkThe present study investigated the possible therapeutic effects of the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoideson oral glucose tolerance test and the membrane bound enzyme activity in streptozotocin induced diabetes rats. Theantidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinodes were studied at different concentrations like 50 mg, 150 mg and300 mg/kg body weight in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for 14 days. In that 150 mg/kg dosage showed significantreduction in blood glucose. Hence further studies were carried out by using the dosage of 150 mg/kg. The effects of an ethanolextract of Evolvulus alsinoides on the activities of marker enzymes were also examined in the liver and kidney tissues.Decreased levels of Sodium potassium, magnesium ATPases were observed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats whereascalcium ATPase was increased in diabetic rats. Administration of plant extract to diabetic rats for 45 days restored all membranebound enzyme activities as to that of control rats and there is no significant difference were found between control and plantextract alone groups. It might be related in part to the modification of fatty acid content during diabetes. Thus the ethanolicextract of Evolvulus alsinoides may alleviate liver and renal damage associated with streptozotocin induced diabetesmellitus in rats
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPOMAGNESEMIA AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Full text linkMagnesium is an important macro mineral in the mammalian cells. It is a cofactor for many enzymes involved inlipid metabolism like lipoprotein lipase, pyrophosphatase etc. In magnesium deficiency, these enzymes are defective and leads todyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Objective: To observe the association between hypomagnesemia and dyslipidemia intype 2 diabetic patients. Methodology: A case control South Indian population study consisted of control group (40 healthyindividuals) and case group (203 patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes). Serum magnesium and lipid profile wasanalyzed in blood samples using standard kits in fully automated analyzer. The data was analyzed using Student’s ‘t’ test andcorrelation coefficient. Result: In the present study, a significant low serum magnesium levels (p<0.01) in case group wasobserved when compared to control group. A significant decreased cholesterol levels (p<0.05) and serum HDL levels (p<0.001)was observed in case group when compared to control group. In case group, we found a significant increased triglycerides(p<0.05) and LDL levels (p<0.001) when compared to control group. A positive correlation was observed between magnesiumand cholesterol (r = 0.195, p<0.01), magnesium and LDL (r = 0.202, p<0.01), magnesium and total cholesterol HDL ratio (r =0.142, p<0.05) in the case group. Conclusion: We observed hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes patients with dyslipidem
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ETHANOBOTANICAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MELIA AZEDARACH LINN.
Full text linkMedicinal plants, since times immemorial, have been used in virtually all cultures for therapeutic purposes. The widespread use of herbal remedies and healthcare preparations obtained from commonly used traditional herbs and medicinal plants have been traced to the occurrence of natural products with medicinal properties. In the present review, an attempt has been made to collect the botanical, phytochemical, ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological information on Melia azedarach L. which is used traditionally as an anthelmintic, diuretic, emmenagouge, expectorant, vermifuge, used in piles, used as astringent, used in hysteria, leprosy, and in scrofula. Medicinally it has been shown to possess various pharmacological activities like antifungal, anti-malarial, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-fertility, anthelmintic, antipyretic and cytotoxic activities. The available literature on the M. azedarach L. revealed that this plant contains many phytochemical constituents including alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and rutins. The aim of this article is to review those medicinal and pharmacological properties of M. azedarach which have been or still are being learned. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties