Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care (AJPRHC)
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Development and Validation of Methods of Quantitative Determination of Loratadine in Tablets
Full text linkMethods for the quantitative determination of loratadine tablets by differential spectrophotometry and photo-colorimetry have been developed. During the procedure parameters (range of application methods, stability, specificity, robasnist, convergence, internal laboratory accuracy (precision), accuracy, reproducibility) have been considered. The results indicate that the method photo-colorimetry has not met modern criteria for analytical methods for quantitative determination of parameters such as stability, accuracy and linearity, so other validation parameters (robasnist, convergence and inter-laboratory precision) have been determined only by spectrophotometric methods. It is found that the technique of quantitative determination of loratadine by differential spectrophotometry is accurate, correct, reproducible and linear, to determine its suitability for use in pharmaceutical analysis
Hepatoprotective Effect of Captopril on Liver Toxicity Induced by High and Low Dose of Paracetamol in Rats:Histological Study
Full text linkMany patients may administered medications like captopril (ACE inhibitor) for treatment of chronic diseases and may also take Paracetamol as an Over The Counter (OTC) drug which may interact with captopril. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate of the hepatoprotective effect of captopril on liver toxicity induced by low and high dose of paracetamol in rats. This study was conducted in two phases: first study for low dose of paracetamol (300 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were treated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS), captopril 20 mg/kg, paracetamol 300 mg/kg or captopril 20 mg/kg plus paracetamol 300 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. Second study for single high dose of paracetamol (3000 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were pretreated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS) or captopril 20 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days followed by single oral administration of Paracetamol 3000 mg/kg or normal saline. The administration of Paracetamol or normal saline was performed 24 hours after the last administration of captopril. After 48 hours of hepatic injury induction, the animals were then sacrificed and the liver was removed for histopathological studies. Low dose (300 mg/kg) for 10 days and high single dose (3000 mg/kg) of paracetamol produced hepatotoxic effects. While captopril 20 mg/kg showed marked protection against changes induced by low and high dose of paracetamol on the liver
Effect of Right Median Nerve Stimulation on Level of Consciousness in Traumatic Brain Injury Subjects
Full text linkThe median nerve serves a peripheral gateway to the central nervous system. Median nerve stimulation is positively associated with regaining the level of consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury, but the level of evidence is still a research question. So the purpose of the study is to find out the effectiveness of right median nerve stimulation on the level of consciousness and the relation between them in subjects with traumatic brain injury. Twenty subjects with traumatic brain injury of axonal type were selected for study and randomized into two groups. Experimental group received right median nerve stimulation along with medications where as control group received medications only one month, 30 minutes a day. Glasgow coma scale is used to assess the changes in conscious levels. The results have revealed that there is significance improvement noted in experimental group when compared to control group. Comparison of Glassgow coma scale scores between experimental and control groups after one month showed significant difference with a P value 0.0261. Right median nerve stimulation is strongly associated with improvement of consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injur
Antimicrobial Activity of Lysozyme against Oral Pathogens
Full text linkSaliva contains a number of antimicrobial substances which have their origin either in salivary glands or serum from which they may leak into the mouth via the gingival crevices. Saliva is believed to possess a substantial influence on the aggregates oral pathogens form in the mouth due to the antibodies as well as proteins whose antimicrobial properties do not depend on prior exposure to an antigen. One such enzyme is Lysozyme which is one of the most powerful natural antibacterial and antiviral compounds known to man. According to previous researches, it has been found out that lysozyme may bind and aggregate Gram-positive bacteria such as putative Gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria such as Capnocytophaga gingivalis. This particular study explores the natural phenomenon Lysozyme exhibits against oral microflora with noteworthy conclusions. Saliva samples were collected from the oral cavity of human, cow and dog. From these samples, lysozyme was isolated and purified. Furthermore, the quantity of the enzyme isolated was ascertained by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The quantified enzyme showed 32kDa for cow sample, 23kDa for dog sample and 23kDa for human sample. Finally the antimicrobial activity of the enzyme was determined by agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus faecalis. Hence lysozyme in saliva is found to have the antibacterial activity against the pathogen due to the zone of inhibition observed and this proves that a tool to prevent dental decay is available and that there is potential to serve antimicrobial role in the specific application of medical industry
Effect of Algerian Varieties Dates on Glycemic, Arterial Blood Pressure and Satiety Responses
Full text linkThe purpose of our study is to determine the Glycemic Indexes (GIs)of three Algerians varieties of dates in healthy subjects, evaluate the satiety and effect on arterial pressure after their consumption. We have first documented the chemical composition of the dates. 10 healthy subjects consumed the dates (carbohydrates content of 50 g) in order to determine the GIs. The responses of glycaemia were monitored during two hours after the dates taking and compared to the reference glucose. In a randomized trial, 20 healthy adults consumed the dates after 12h of fast. We reported the level of satiety on a Visual Analog Scale for 2h further to the ingestion of the dates. Furthermore, 28 normotensive and 45 hypertensive individuals ingested the three varieties in randomized order during 21 days to assess their impact on the Pressure Arterial Systolic (PAS) and Pressure Arterial Diastolic (PAD). We noted significant differences (p<0.05) for the different fractions of sugars, soluble fibers, polyphenols, K+, Mg2+. The low GIs are denoted among 44.31-52.35, deducting a moderate impact on blood glucose level. The dates reduced hunger and increased satiety. Our varieties studied following their ingestion induced a significant hypotensive activity (p<0.05)on the PAS and, PAD from hypertensive subjects
Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction:A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkOver the past decade the concept of Internet Addiction has grown in terms of its acceptance as a legitimate clinical disorder often requiring treatment. Many hospitals and clinics have emerged with outpatient treatment services for Internet Addiction. Most recently, the findings of this research area has led American Psychiatric Association to include the diagnosis of Internet Addiction in the Appendix in the DSM-V. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction among students. This research is a cross-sectional survey. Statistical population of the study included undergraduate and postgraduate students of Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. 195 students by using simple sampling method were selected. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS) were applied as measuring Instruments. To analyze the data Pearson Correlation and regression method were used. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between 5 domains of Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction in students. Also, there was a significant relationship between each 15 dimensions of Early Maladaptive Schema with Internet Addiction. According to research findings, the formatting schema during early years can be strong factor in the tendency to use internet. It is essential that more detailed studies should be carried out in this area, particularly about internet addiction
Antiulcer Activity after Oral Administration of the Wormwood Ethanol Extract on Lesions due to Leishmania major Parasites in BALB/C Mice
Full text linkHerbal extracts were used to investigate the in vivo efficacy of Artemisia absinthium on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in susceptible mice. A total of 40 BALB/c mice were subjected to assays. In each, 3-5×103 amastigotes of standard Leishmania major strain were inoculated subcutaneously into the tail base of mice. Groups of mice were assigned as: I-negative control, II-positive control, III-Glucantime®, IV-ointment twice a day, V-ointment with oral medicine, VI-oral medicine on parasite injection, VII-oral medicine once ulcer develops, and VIII-ointment-based crème on ulcer. The gold standard of clinical infection control was based on ulcer size measurement using a Vernier scale weekly during 4 weeks Post-Ulcer Development (PUD). The mean ulcer sizes in different groups were compared using the post hoc Dunnett's 3 statistical analyses. There was a significant difference between the two groups of ointment with medicine (V) and medicine on parasite inoculation (VI) (P ≤ 0.027). Antiulcer activity and healing was noted after oral treatment with aqueous extract on parasite injection. There was a significant difference between data from positive control group and local ointment with oral medicine (P ≤ 0.045) indicating that ointment use facilitated ulcer growth. There was also a significant difference between data from Glucantime® use and ointment with medicine group (P ≤ 0.039) which showed the deteriorating effect of oil-based ointment use. The oral administration of extract had an effect similar to Glucantime® use and led to the repair of ulcer. A. absinthium extract as oral feeder appeared to cause modulation of host responses, ulcer size reduction and tissue repair
Some Unique Considerations in Treatment
Full text linkMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of several diseases described as demyelinating because it causes damage to the myelin sheath. The presence of additional medical conditions like pregnancy, osteoporosis and infections are common with multiple sclerosis that adversely affects the health outcomes. The treatment of MS becomes more complex when compounded by these existing additional medical conditions. This review highlight important pharmacotherapeutic considerations in treatment of MS in these special patient population
A UV-Spectrophotmetric Chemometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in Tablets
Full text linkIn the present study, a simple, inexpensive, precise and accurate uv-spectrophotometric method based on chemometrics, has been developed for the simultaneous determination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet formulation. The % recoveries obtained were 99.7% ± 0.9 and 101.5% ± 0.8 for sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, respectively. The developed method has been compared to USP-HPLC method with regard to accuracy and precision. The calculated F-ratio and the (t) statistics indicate that there is no significant difference at 5% level with regard to precision and accuracy between the proposed and the USP methods. Moreover, the developed method is simple, cost-effective, and less time-consuming. Accordingly, it can be used advantageously in routine quality control of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet formulation
Surveillance of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Anthropometric Variables among Four International Cricket Teams Competed in ACC Premier League Malaysia 2014
Full text linkBackground and Purpose: Chronic musculoskeletal injuries are more common in cricket players. Acute problems may be due to trauma or injuries during sporting. The musculoskeletal system includes muscles, joints, bones, cartilage, ligaments, fascia, nerves and other associated soft tissues. Whatever the mode of injury, it causes pain, movement restriction, muscle weakness, and ultimately loss of functions. Anthropometric variables of each player in cricket will also influence the occurrence of problems. The current study focused on identifying the most common site involved in musculoskeletal problems and to explore possible variations in anthropometric characteristics. Methodology: This study was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia where Asian Cricket Council Premier League 2014 was conducted. Permission to approach the players was taken from the council members and all the players were assured that the information collected from them will be kept confidential and all were explained about the objective study. Modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was distributed to the players and instructions were given about how to fill the questionnaire. Their anthropometric characteristics, experience and time of training sessions were collected by a blinded assessor. Results: Player's height (p = 0.003), weight (p = 0.050), experience (p = 0.001) and practicing hours per week (0.002) were analyzed. There is a statistically significant difference in these characteristics was observed. Occurrence of acute troubles (within 7 days) of upper back and elbow region were found different in four teams with a P value of 0.007 and 0.022 respectively. Persistence of neck, shoulder and lower back troubles in the last one year has a significant difference between the groups with a P value of 0.014, 0.003 and 0.021 respectively. Conclusion: This study can conclude that the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries is more in cricket. Especially shoulder, neck, lower limbs and lower back. The incidence of acute problems is more in elbow and upper back regions. This may be acute injuries but not due to chronic over use. The anthropometric variations between groups participated in ACC premier league, Malaysia 2014 was also significantly differing from each other