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Amino Acids Metabolism in the Muscle of Sheep fed with Mitchell Grass Hay Supplemented with Gliricidia sepium
Get PDFLeaf of Gliricidia sepiumcontains high amino acid that required for protein synthesis in the muscle. Supplementation of the legume leaves to low quality basal diet would improves amino acids amount to obtain an optimum growth of animal. The aim of experiment was to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium leaves supplementation to low quality basal diet on protein synthesis in muscle of animal. Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups based on live weight (27.6 ± 1.72, 27.1 ± 2.26 and 27.5 ± 1.56 kg) of feed treatment, namely Mitchell grass hay (MG), Gliricidia (GS),and haycombined with Gliricidia (MGGS). All the dietwas offered with the amount was determined to meet the maintenance metabolizable energy (ME) requirement of the animals. Feed utilization and amino acid metabolism in muscle of sheep was measured with radioactively labeled leucine, water and sodium bicarbonate. Results indicated that sheepin MG group had a negative energy balance, whereas sheep in MGGS group had the highest amount of ME available for growth. The rate of protein synthesis was higher in the MGGS group and tended to take up these amino acids in their hind-limb muscles, while animalsin MG and GS groups tended to have net outputs of amino acids from their hind-limb muscles. Animals in the MGGS group synthesised more protein in their muscle than those in the GS and MG groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of Gliricidia at a ratio of 40:60improved feed utilization of low quality basal diet. The improvement would be manifested in better digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) with subsequent better utilization of amino acids
Pharmacokinetics Interaction of Non-Steroid Anti Inflammatory Drugs to 99mTc-MDP Radiopharmaceuticals for Bone Imaging and Its Biodistribution
No full text99mTc-MDP has been developed as a radiopharmaceutical for bone imaging in nuclear medicine. A drug therapy can alter the pharmacokinetic profiles and biodistribution patterns of radiopharmaceuticals. To achieve an optimum diagnostic outcome, this research focused on pharmacokinetics interaction between two kinds of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) drugs, meloxicam and sodium diclofenac with 99mTc-MDP using mice(Mus musculus). Therewerefive groups of animal modeland each group consists of three mice except for group II and III which consists of six mice. The groups were classified asuntreated mice (I), mice treated withmeloxicam for 3 days (II), treated with sodium diclofenac for 3 days (III), treated with meloxicam once or at onset (IV), and mice with sodium diclofenac once or at onset (V). Pharmacokinetics interaction and biodistribution test were conducted by injecting 100 µCi/100 µL 99mTc-MDP intravenously. Blood samples were withdrawn from each mouse which were then weighted and counted using single channel analyzer. The %ID/g of 99mTc-MDP in blood of untreated mice (I), mice treated with meloxicam (II) and sodium diclofenac (III) 5 minutes post injection were 3.71, 8.96 and 9.15 % respectively, then decrease to 0.12, 0.01, and 0.01 %, respectively, 24 hours post injection. The results of T-test showed there were no significant differences in distribution of 99mTc-MDP in untreated mice (I) and in treated mice either with meloxicam (II) or sodium diclofenac (III). However, there was significant difference in elimination of 99mTc-MDP in untreated mice (I) and in treated mice either with meloxicam (II) or sodium diclofenac (III). The bone uptakes of 99mTc-MDP were 9.03 ± 0.41, 3.52 + 0.52, 3.62 + 0.45, 8.44 + 1.39, and 8.09 ± 0.86 % in group I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. T-test showed there were significant differences in bone uptake of 99mTc-MDP in mice with previously treated with meloxicam and sodium diclofenac for 3 days. From these result, it can be concluded that anadministration of meloxicam and sodium diclofenac could accelerate elimination half-life that cause low uptake of 99mTc-MDP radiopharmaceuticalon the bone as the primary target. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up using image study to determine the significance of the effects on image quality
Isotopic Characterization of Precipitation, Inflow, and Outflow of Lake Toba as a First Assessment of Lake Water Balance Study
Get PDFIsotopic characterization of all identified hydrological units in Lake Toba such as precipitation, inflows, outflows, and lake water, as a first assessment of lake water balance study, has been conducted. The isotopic characterization was done through the interpretation of the relationship of dD and d18O values of collected samples from various water sources and their variations as a function of time and space. Rain water samples were collected from four rain collectors that were installed in the study area in a monthly sampling for a period of 12 months in 2014. Several samples from various water sources i.e., inflow streams, outflows, springs, and lake water, were also collected 2-3 times during this sampling period. From monthly sampling of rain water, local meteoric water line (LMWL) and the equation of elevations versus dD values have been constructed. Due to the slightly higher temperature in the study area compared with the average temperature on the other parts of the world, the slope of the constructed LMWL is slightly less than the slope of global meteoric water line. Based on the equation of elevations versus dD values, the elevations of four springs around study area have been identified. From the linear relationship of dD and d18O values of collected samples from inflow streams, it was found that most of the samples have experienced evaporation process before entering the lake. Due to mixing with other surface water and longer transit time, the dD and d18O values of those samples from streams in the Sumatran side are more enriched than those samples from streams in the Samosir side. It was also found that lake water has experienced significant evaporation as indicated by the dD and d18O values that were more enriched than any other samples. The dD and d18O of Asahan River samples, the only output of Lake Toba, were found to be very close to the dD and d18O of the lake. This is because almost all water that flowed in Asahan River originated from the lake
Shielding Design for the PGNAA Experimental Facility at Kartini Reactor
Get PDFTwo steps of preliminary study had been conducted in conjunction with the design of a PGNAA experimental facility at Kartini reactor, i.e. beam characterization of the existing beam ports to select one going to be used and the collimator design at the selected beam port. This paper presents the results of the following study concerning with the radiation shielding design at the outer area, in front of the beam port exit, where the experiments will be conducted. MCNPX was used for the purpose of simulations, which included the design of neutron beam catcher and the outer shield. Based on the assumed source terms, the materials being used, and the geometrical arrangements, it is concluded that by using paraffin of 60 cm thickness for the beam catcher and 50 cm for the concrete of the outer shield would be sufficient to reduce the radiation dose below the maximum recommended limit
Determination of the Dosimetric Characteristics of BATAN’s 125I Source for Brachytherapy: An Experimental Study
Get PDF125I brachytherapysources withlowphotonenergies have beenwidelyusedin treatingtumors.Accordingto American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43 (AAPMTG-43)recommendations,dosimetric characteristic ofthe newbrachytherapysources shouldbe determined before clinical use.Inthis study, dosimetric characteristic of 125Imanufacturedby BATAN have been determined through measurement by using Thermoluminescent Dosemeter (TLD) andgafchromic XR- QA2film.The radial dosefunctionmeasurements were performedat distances rangingfrom0.5to10cmfromthe source center.The anisotropyfunctions were measuredat distances of2,3,and5cmfromthe source center forangles ranging from0to 90degree inallquadrants.The results indicated that a doserate constants measured with TLD and film are 1.05± 8 % cGy.h-1.U-1and1.01±8 % cGy.h-1.U-1, respectively.The radial dosefunctiondecreasesalongwith the increasingdistance from source andmeetsthe 5thorderpolynomial equation. The anisotropyfunction resultshows thattheanisotropyindosedistributionincreasesalongthe source axis.Thismeasurement data areinagreementwith the previousstudy on EGSnrc Monte Carloresult andhave a similar patternwithIsoAidandGMS BT-125 commercial125Isource
A Novel Method for 57Ni and 57Co Production using Cyclotron-Generated Secondary Neutrons
Get PDF57Ni and 57Co radioisotpes are used in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals, for research purposes, as well as radiotherapy in nuclear medicine due to its decay characteristics. In this research, 57Ni and 57Co were produced using secondary neutrons. The secondary neutrons employed in this investigationwere generated by bombarding 11 MeV protons intoa target system consisting of HavarÒ foil as a vacuum window, aluminum foil as an energy degrader, aluminum tube as a target holder and nickel foil as a target via (p,n), (n,n) and (n,2n) nuclear reactions. The TALYS-calculated data were used to understand the origin of the secondary neutrons. In this experiment, variable Ni target thicknesses of 75, 150 and 225 mm were irradiated with a fixed proton beam dose of 0.67 mAhr in order to study the dependence of the radioisotope yields on the target thickness. For the first time, 57Ni and 57Co radioisotopes wereproduced and observed experimentally following 58Ni(n,2n)57Ni → 57Co nuclear reaction. Experimental results indicated that for 225-mm thick Ni target, the 57Ni yield of 10.85 ± 3.29 mCi/mAhr and 57Co yield of 6.04 ± 2.45mCi/mAhr were recorded after an hour cooling period. The resulted yieldsdid not strongly depend on the target thickness. This proposed novel method is a promising method to obtain higher radioactivity yield in the production of 57Ni and 57Co radioisotopes
Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Properties of La0.5Ba0.5CoO2.75+x
Get PDFHole doping to the Co3+ ion in cobaltite perovskites can significantly modify the electromagnetic properties. We prepared the hole-doped cobaltite perovskites La0.5Ba0.5CoO2.75+x (x = 0.06 and x = 0.15). Neutron powder diffraction and dc-magnetization experiments were performed to investigate the crystal structure and magnetic properties. We found that both of the samples have the cubic crystal structure with space group Pmm in all the measured temperatures. Ferromagnetic transition occurs at 160K in x = 0.15 sample. For x = 0.06, we found the short-range ordered ferromagnetic state and a long-range ordered antiferromagnetic state coexist in low temperature
Synthesis of Nano-α-Al2O3 for 99Mo Adsorbent
Get PDFThe fission-product 99Mo, having a high specific activity, is commonly used in alumina-based 99Mo/99mTc generator. Due to the limitation on the use of fission-product 99Mo, an alternative route for 99Mo production, namely activation of natural molybdenum using thermal neutron, has been explored. Unfortunately, this neutron-activated 99Mo has a low specific activity. Therefore, 99Mo/99mTc generator based on neutron-activated 99Mo requires a column with higher capacity absorbent. Thus, in this study, the nanomaterial of alumina (nano-a-Al2O3) was synthesized which was expected to have a higher 99Mo adsorption capacity, so that nano-a-Al2O3 could be potentially used as a matrix of column for 99Mo/99mTc generator based on neutron-activated 99Mo. Nano-a-Al2O3 was synthesized by using sol-gel method and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the Scherrer method was used to determine the size of the crystals. To determine the 99Mo adsorption capacity of the synthesized nanoalumina, the nano-a-alumina was soaked in nitric acid solution for one hour at room temperature followed by removing the filtrate. Then, the nano-a-alumina was soaked in 99Mo solution (Na299MoO4) at certain conditions. The FTIR spectra for nano-a-alumina showed adsorption peak at 450-500 cm-1 which indicated the presence of Al-O bond. The XRD patterns of nanoalumina crystals showed peaks at 2θ region of 25.8°, 35.9°, 38°, 52.8°, and 57.7°, indicating that the synthesized alumina had an α-phase with an average crystal size of ~5.5 nm. The average 99Mo adsorption capacity of the synthesized alumina was 47.55 ± 12.3 mg Mo/g nano-a-Al2O3