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Mah Sharaf Khanoum Ardalani (Mastura Kurdistani), historian and author(1805- 1847); her life and her epoch
No full textماهشەرەفخانم بە هۆی ئەو پەروەردەیەی لەلایەن خێزانەکەیەوە هەیبووە و ئەو پێگە گرنگەی باوک و باپیری و هەردوو بنەماڵەی دایک و باوکی هەیانبوو، کەسایەتییەکی خوێندەوار و هوشیاری لێ دروستبووە؛
لە میرنشینی ئەردەڵان و شاری سنەی پایتەختیدا، وەک مەڵبەندێکی خوێندەواریی و ڕۆشنبیریی، چ ئایینی و چ زانستی مێژووناسیی، لەپاڵ بوونی بناغەیەکی گەورە و پتەودا، کۆمەڵێک مێژوونووس و بیرمەندی گەورە هەبوون، کە کاریان لەسەر هزر و دنیابینیی ماهشەرەفخانم کردووە؛
ماهشەرەفخانم بە گەواهی زۆر لە کوردناسان، تەنیا مێژوونووسی ئافرەتی ڕۆژهەڵاتی ناوەڕاستی سەدەی نۆزدەیەم و یەکەمین ئافرەتیشە، کە لەو سەردەمەدا سەرباری شاعیرێتی، لە بواری زانستە ئیسلامییەکانیشدا شارەزایی هەبووە و بەرهەمی نایابی لە دوای خۆی بەجێهێشتووە؛
دەسەڵاتدارانی ئێران بەتایبەتی لە سەرەتای سەدەی نۆزدەیەمەوە لەڕێگەی ژنوژنخوازییەوە، توانیان هەژموونی خۆیان و پرۆسەی بەشیعەکردنی کوردی ئەردەڵان چڕتر بکەنەوە و کاتێک بەرهەڵستیان بۆ دروستبوو، ڕاستەوخۆ دەستیان بەسەر میرنشینی ئەردەڵاندا گرت و پاش ماوەیەکیش بە تەواوی هەڵیان وەشاندەوە؛
میرنشینی ئەردەڵان، وەک بەشێک لە کوردستانی باشوری ڕۆژهەڵات، بێجگە لەوەی هەر لەو ناوچانەدا سەری هەڵداوە، کە دواتر بۆ ماوەی دوو سەدە لەژێر قەڵەمرەویی میرنشینی باباندا بووە، و ماوەیەکی زۆریش ململانێ لەنێوان هەردوو میرنشییەکەدا دروستبووە و خاکی یەکتریان داگیرکردووە، بەڵام بەپێچەوانەی خواستی داگیرکەرانی کوردستانەوە، لە کۆتایی سەدەی هەژدەیەم و نۆزدەیەمدا نزیکبوونەوەیەکی زۆر و خزمایەتیی و تێکەڵیەکی هەمەلایەنە لەناویاندا دروستبووە، هەر بۆیە لە کاتی لیقەوماندا پەنایان بۆ یەکتر بردووە. دواجاریش، کە خۆری ماڵباتی ئەردەڵان بەرەو ئاوابوون دەچێت، ماهشەرەفخانم و چەند هەزار کەسێکی تر ئەردەڵان بەجێ دەهێڵن و لە پایتەختی باباندا پێشوازیی گەرمیان لێ دەکرێت.Mahsharaf - Khanom became an educated and conscious person thanks to the education she received from her family and also a position that her parents and grandparents had on both sides of the parents.
In Ardalan and its capital, Sanandaj, as a center for the development of culture and education, Islamic and historical, in addition to a strong base, a large group of historians and intellectuals was found that significantly influenced Mahsharaf-Khanom's thought and consciousness.
Mahashraf-Khanom, by recognition of many the researchers , was the only female historian in the Middle East in the 19th century. She was the only woman in the period who, along with the author of poems, practiced Islamic studies with great ability and had writings and compositions.
In the beginning of the 19th century, the Iranian authorities, in particular, influenced the Ardalanian Kurds and changed their Sunni sect to Shia al-Jaafari. When they felt resistance, they imposed their authority and took control of the government directly in the emirate. They briefly removed it from existence. The Emirate of Ardalan, as part of the South - East Kurdistan, in addition to it was formed in areas, which later became under the control of the Emirate of Baban for more than two centuries, and became the source of disputes and conflicts between them and it came to the occupation of the land and cities, but despite the oppression of the Occupiers of Kurdistan, especially at the end of the 18-th century and the beginning of the 19-th century, there was a strong convergence and diverse integration among the population of the both Emirates and even the ruling class. Finally, when the dyanasty of Ardalan went to fall, Mahsharaf-Khanom and a few thousand Ardalanis moved to the capital of the Emirate of Baban, where they were received with great hospitality
The Allãh Lexicon and Arabic: The Function of Allah Expressions in Arabic Interaction: A Conversation Analysis Study
No full textbeside their literal meanings, Allãh expressions have acquired over time a number of non-literal meanings that have become accessible to speakers as conventionalized meanings. The present study highlights that Allãh expressions can be used as devices to achieve certain conversational purposes such as holding the floor, changing the topic, closing a turn or ending a conversation. It is a conversation analysis study concerned with investigating the function of Allãh expressions; it aims at exploring what function these expressions may achieve in Arabic everyday interaction
Non -verbal Politeness in English Etiquette Books and Prophetic Sunnah
No full textNon-verbal politeness is an important feature that characterizes human communication. Through this type of communication one can find a high degree of sophistication and civility in the language of the body, as this type of language can say and express more than language itself. Thus, there should be a use of certain cues to express courtesy and politeness such as: facial expression, eye contact, gestures, posture, and proxemics. This study aims at explaining the role of the different forms of non-verbal politeness in Prophetic Sunnah and the British etiquette books in particular, then analyzing these texts within the eclectic model of this study, highlighting points of similarity and difference between the two cultures. It is hypothesized that the two cultures display different orientations to the ways of acting non-verbally. The model adopted in this study is Martin and Nakayama (2010) with reference to Andersen (1999), Poyatos (2002) and Koneru (2008) within the framework of Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness and in accordance with Hofstede's (2001) cultural values. The main conclusions of the current study are: (i) Non-verbal politeness almost goes hand in hand with other forms of verbal politeness. (ii) Non-verbal politeness is employed differently in both the Prophetic Sunnah and English etiquette books. (iii) Islamic Sunnah as compared to English etiquette books concentrates on cordiality and maintaining positive politeness among Muslims, while English etiquette texts emphasize individuality and negative politeness
The effect of the field application upon the attitudes of the applying students of Garmian university towards the teaching career
No full textاستهدف البحث التعرف على اتجاهات طلبة كلية التربية جامعة كرميان نحو مهنة التدريس بعد اخضاعهم لتطبيق الميداني، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من (166) طالباَ وطالبة من طلبة المرحلة الرابعة (المطبقين) في كلية التربية، ولغرض تحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث مقياس الاتجاه نحو مهنة التدريس المكون من (31) فقرة، وتم التحقق من الصدق والثبات للأداة، وتوصلت الدراسة الى النتائج الأتية:
وجود اتجاهات ايجابية نحو مهنة التدريس لدى الطلبة المطبقين نتيجة التطبيق الميداني في المدارس، وعبروا باجاباتهم بأن التطبيق الميداني ستغير من شخصيتهم نحو الأفضل.
وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات الطلبة لمقياس الاتجاه نحو مهنة التدريس بين قسمي الكيمياء والرياضيات ولصالح قسم الكيمياء، ولم تظهر فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين بقية الأقسام الاخرى.
وقد خلص الباحث الى عدد من المقترحات والتوصيات في ضوء نتائج البحث، والتي تسهم في الارتقاء بمختلف جوانب الاعداد لمنتسبي هذه المهنة.This research aimed to identify the attitudes of students of the Faculty of Education after application , the University of Garmiyan, towards the teaching profession. The sample of the study consisted of (166) students from the fourth stage students (summer applied students) in the Faculty of Education. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used a measure of the direction towards the teaching profession that consisted of (31) paragraphs and verified the reliability and stability of the tool, and the study reached the following results:
Positive attitudes towards the teaching profession of the summer applied students as a result of field application in schools and expressed their answers that the field application will change their personality to the better levels.
There are statistically significant differences between the average of the student's scores to measure the trend towards the teaching profession between the chemistry and mathematics departments and for the benefit of the chemistry department as well. At this point, there were no significant differences among the other departments.
The researcher has come up with a number of suggestions and recommendations under the results of the research, which contribute to the improvement of various aspects of preparation for the employment of this professional teaching
Constructivism in International Relations: from a theory between positivism and postpositivism to the theory of the world state
No full textظهرت النظرية البنائية مع نهاية الحرب الباردة، ودخلت في نقاشات مع العقلانيين (الواقعية والليبرالية الجديدتين) من جهة، والنقديين من جهة أخرى، واتهمهما بالإخفاق في التنبؤ بهذا الحدث وتفسيره. ففي الوقت الذي كان العقلانيون يركزون على العوامل المادية والإقتصادية، ركّز البنائيون على العوامل الثقافية وتأثير الأفكار والمعايير والهويات في تفسير عمليات تشكّل المصالح وكيفية تعريف البقاء وتحديد آليات السلوك الدولي، وأكّدوا على أن المصلحة والهوية تتفاعلان عبر عمليات إجتماعية تاريخية وتشكّلان بعضها البعض. وعليه فقد انتمت البنائية إلى النقاش الرابع في الدراسة النظرية للعلاقات الدولية فهي من النظريات مابعد الوضعية، ولكنها حاولت أن تكون بمثابة جسر يربط الفجوة بين المناهج الوضعية ومابعد الوضعية، فمثلاً إذا كانت النظريات مابعد الوضعية يوجه لها الإنتقاد، بأنها تعاني من تقديم بديل واقعي في مقابل الوصف والتفسير الذي تقدمه النظريات العقلانية، فإنَّ البنائية حاولت تجاوز هذا النقد وتمكنت من تقديم البرنامج البحثي المطلوب لإخراج مابعد الوضعيين من المأزق، وذلك بتقديم الفرضيات العملية التي يتطلبها إنشاء نظرية لوصف وتفسير واقع العلاقات الدولية. ولكن لم تسلم النظرية البنائية من النقد والتقويم واتهمت بأنها لم تقدم شيئاً جديداً وبالغت في فهم العوامل الثقافية مثل المعايير والهويات وتأثيراتها على واقع العلاقات الدولية، بالإضافة إلى إغراقها في الجانب النظري ومشاكلها من الناحيتين المعرفية والمنهجية وانقساماتها الداخلية بين البنائيين الحداثيين ومابعد الحداثيين.Constructivism emerged at the end of the Cold War and entered into IR theories debate by criticizing the rationalists (neo-liberal and neo-realist) on the one hand and critics on the other, accusing them of failing to predict and explain the end of the Cold War. While rationalists focus on material and economic factors, constructivists focus on cultural factors, the influence of ideas, norms and identities on the explanation of processes of interest formation, how to define survival and defining mechanisms of international politics, and emphasize that interest and identity interact through socio-historical processes and constitute each other. Thus, constructivism belongs to the fourth debate in the theoretical study of International Relations and it is one of the post-positivist theories, but it attempts to serve as a bridge between the positivist and post-positivist approaches. For example, if post-positivist theories are criticized, because of suffering from providing a realistic alternative versus of the description and explanation offered by rational theories, constructivism tries to overcome this criticism and it is able to provide the research program required to remove the post-positivist dilemma, by providing the practical hypotheses required by the establishment of a theory to describe and explain the reality of international relations. However, constructivism is not immune from criticism, it is accused that it does not offer anything new and exaggerates the understanding of cultural factors such as norms and identities and their impact on the reality of international relations, as well as its epistemological and methodological problems and its internal divisions between modern constructivists and postmodern constructivists
The Pros and Cons of Bringing Children up Bilingually
No full textThe advisability of bringing children up bilingually is always questionable by the parents in general, but it is of vital importance for the parents of those children who are born within cross-national relationships. The current paper highlights the benefits and negative aspects of so doing from various points of view available in the related literature. It deals chiefly with assessing the parents’ situations and suggesting appropriate approaches to them for decision making when they want to raise their children bilingually. Although qualitative method of research including the descriptive and argumentative methods are used for the majority parts of the study, the instances of the writer’s bilingual experience are also mentioned as an outstanding proof in a case study. Whilst most of the common strategies for bringing children up bilingually are given in the current study, there are, of course, some other strategies for various circumstances. Other studies are recommended to focus mainly on strategies and reveal them for those parents who are eager to raise bilingual children
The Dissolution of Linguistics and the Rise of Language with Reference to Pragmatics: A Deconstructive Approach
No full textThis paper presents a deconstructive approach to the current status of linguistics as the primary science that studies levels of linguistic analysis. The research hypothesizes that the term ‘linguistics’ cannot be expected to remain as an independent and robust concept. It is subject to dissolution under the main interdisciplinary outreach of the essential branches of linguistics: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The current paper, however, focuses on Pragmatics as a branch of linguistics. The research also hypothesizes that the relation of pragmatics to sociology and culture is stronger than the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. The main aim of the paper is to update the study of language in a way that goes beyond the closed domain of linguistics. Throughout the discussions and analyses of pragmatics between language and linguistics, it has been concluded that the study of language is in a persistent rise, whereas the domains of linguistics proper has condensed to limited fields
Node Detection and Tracking in Smart Cities Based on Internet of Things and Machine Learning
Get PDFIt is essential to know that using technologies in a good manner will facilitate human live. Internet of Things (IoT) used widely due to developments in information and verbal exchange technologies. Some of the most famous fields of IoT applications are Identification, transmission, and healthcare which uses IoT technologies to collect information and recognizing the problem and propose the solution for it. In this paper, we try to find RFID nodes and their location. An Android Application used to provide help for those needed. Finding and detection the actual zone of our users are done by using KNN algorithm. We use 3NN because that model gets a better result in our dataset, for transmission depending on the users’ problem.
We use a new equation to find weights that integrated with Dijkstra's algorithm, the equation is to calculate the weight between any two nodes using traffic information and image processing for finding a load of road by counting number of vehicles inside the image that collected from our readers. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to find the best path between source and destination using weights between nodes. The idea is used in healthcare, but can be used in many other fields like, security, Information and Communication Technology and Military
Using Regression Kriging to Analyze Groundwater According to Depth and Capacity of Wells
Get PDFGroundwater is valuable, because it is needed as fresh water for agricultural, domestic, ecological and industrial purposes. However, due to population growth and economic development, the groundwater environment is becoming more and more important and extensive. So the objective of the study is to analyze and predicting groundwater for the year 2018 based on depth and capacity of wells by using the modern style of analyzing and predicting, which is regression kriging (RK) method. Regression kriging is a geostatistical approach that exploits both the spatial variation in the sampled variable itself, and environmental information collected from covariate maps for the target predictor. It is possible to predict groundwater quality maps for areas at Sulaimani governorate in Kurdistan Regions Iraq. Sample data concerning depth and capacity of groundwater wells were collected on Ground Water Directorate in Sulaimani City. The most important result of the study in the regression kriging was the depth and capacity prediction map. The samples from the high depth of wells are located in south of Sulaimani governorate, while the north and middle areas of Sulaimani governorate have got low depths of wells. Although the samples from the high capacity are located in south of Sulaimani governorate, in the north and middle the capacity of wells have decreased. The classes (230 – 482m) of depth are the more area, while the classes (29 – 158G/s) of capacity are the almost area in the study
The role of pairing the RSI and the Japanese candlestick in making sure to choose the right time to sell and purchasing the stock Applied in a selected sample of companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange
No full textبات موضوع التحليل الفني الشغل الشاغل لشريحة واسعة من المستثمرين لما له من اهمية في تحديد التوقيت الملائم لقرارات بيع وشراء الاسهم في سوق الاسهم سواء كانوا اشخاصاً معنويين او طبيعيين، ولقد ولد هذا الاهتمام الكبير لدى الكثيرين من المهتمين بالتحليل الفني الدافع لابتكار العديد من التقنيات والاساليب والمؤشرات لغرض تحليل اداء سوق الاسهم ، بهدف تعظيم فرص الربح وتقليل فرص الخسارة، ويعاني المستثمرين من مشكلة اختيار التوقيت المناسب لاجراء عملية البيع او الشراء للاسهم لمختلف القطاعات والشركات، وتساهم تقنيات التحليل الفني المختلفة في تتبع حركة اسعار تلك الاسهم لبيان اتجاهها فيما اذا كان في حالة ارتفاع مستمر ام في حالة انخفاض مستمر، فاذا كان اتجاه حركة الاسهم في حالة ارتفاع مستمر فان هذا الارتفاع لن يستمر الى مالانهاية لابد ان تاتي فترة زمنية تنقلب فيها الاسعار ويتغير اتجاهها نحو الانخفاض والعكس صحيح في حالة الانخفاض المستمر، وهنا تبين تقنيات التحليل الفني تلك التحركات من خلال الرسومات والاشكال المختلفة التي نستطيع الاستعانة بها والاستفادة منها في توقيت عمليات البيع والشراء للاسهم، وهناك الكثير من التقنيات للتحليل الفني ومنها اسلوب الشموع اليابانية ومؤشر القوة النسبية وغيرها كثير، ولكن المهم عندما نريد استخدامها لابد ان نستخدم على الاقل تقنيتين للتحليل في ان واحد لكي نقطع الشك باليقين في تحديد اتجاهات السوق الحقيقية وبالتالي اتخاذ القرار الاستثماري المناسب سواء كان عملية بيع اوشراء للاسهم واعتماداً على تحليل آلية العرض والطلب. The issue of determining the appropriate timing for the decisions of buying and selling shares is one of the most important topics and the concern of all investors in the stock market, whether they are natural or Morality persons . This interest has been generated by many of those interested in technical analysis to invent techniques, methods and indicators for the purpose of analyzing the performance of the stock market. Maximize the chances of profit and reduce the chances of loss, and investors suffer from the problem of choosing the right time to conduct the sale or purchase of shares of different sectors and companies, and contribute technical analysis techniques in tracking the movement of the prices of those shares to indicate their direction If it is in the case of continuous rise or in the case of continuous decline, if the trend of the movement of shares in the case of continuous rise, this rise will not continue to the end must come a period of time in which prices fluctuate and change direction downward and vice versa in the case of continuous decline, Technical analysis techniques that move through the different graphics and shapes we can use and make use of in the timing of buying and selling shares. There are a lot of technical analysis techniques including Japanese candlesticks, RSI and many more, but important when we want to use We need to use at least two analytical techniques in order to avoid uncertainty in determining the real market trends and thus making the right investment decision, whether it is the sale of shares and the analysis of the mechanism of supply and demand