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    A Triple Review of the Theory of Reliance on External Constructive Facts --Centered on Wellspacher's Doctrine

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    At this stage, there is a misunderstanding of Wellspacher's theory of reliance on external constitutive facts, which needs to be reviewed and repositioned. Based on Kant's philosophy of law and the doctrine of "external identifiable signs" advocated by natural law scholars, Wellspacher further developed the theory of reliance on external constitutive facts based on the private law history of the idea of publicity. This theory did not originate from the criticism of the doctrine of dispositive authority, which was only one of the starting points of the doctrinal work in this theory and did not take a central position. The theory of appearance of rights was not pioneered or created by Wellspacher, but existed before him; Wellspacher is credited with distilling and abstracting the general principles from the scattered legal provisions, and establishing the basic framework for future generations of appearance of rights liability

    Character Values in the Oral Tradition of Folk Songs From Dairi

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    One form of the language of a culture that is reflected in the group of speakers is folk songs. A song consists of various word arrangements with a unique and interesting language style. The composition of these words contains meanings that aim to influence the formation of the identity and character of the adherents. The Pakpak Dairi community is no exception. So this study aims to describe the character of the Pakpak Dairi community through folk songs. The research method used is descriptive qualitative interactive model of Miles and Huberman in anthropolinguistic studies. Data on Pakpak Dairi folk songs analyzed were three songs. The results of the analysis obtained a description of the character of the Pakpak Dairi people, namely: 1) love for the motherland (nationalism); 2) environmental care; 3) hard work; 4) independent; 5) responsibility; 6) national spirit; and 7) friendly/communicative

    A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis of Clauses Relationship in Luke Gospel Text, Janji Baru Using Kupang Malay

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    This paper reports on a functional linguistics study of clauses relationship in which it is included as textual meta function of meaning. This textual metafunction is on the level of lexicogrammar. Semantic sequence of figures is realized by a clause complexes series. This paper focused on relationship types between clauses, interdependency and logico-semantic relationship. Data were taken from A Bible, New Testament using Kupang Malay called Janji Baru, especially in Luke of Gospel text. The analysis revealed that parataxis used in text covered coordinate conjunctions such as, deng ’and’, ma, ‘but’, jadi/ko ‘so, for’, ais ju ‘then’. The hypotaxis used subordinate conjunctions, such as, kalo ‘if’’ tagal ‘because/since’, te ‘cause’. The use of parataxis and hypotaxis indicates that semantic sequence is coherence in which conjunctions used in text are usually repeated. It is the same as the use of logico-semantic, such as expansion and projection. The expansion consisted of elaboration, extension, and enhancement. The projection consisted of locution and idea that related to phenomena of a higher order of experience. The idea used verbal process, such as, kastau bilang ‘tell/say’, manyao bilang, ’answer’, tanya bilang ‘ask’, etc. This fact indicates that the idea stated was stressed by using serial verbs or usually a verb was ended by other verb’ This fact indicates to attract listeners’ attention. The locution used mental process, such as, rasa ‘feel’ ‘inga’ ‘remember’. Thus, it can be stated that the use of interdependency and logico-semantic relation  was aimed to keep the semantic sequence and text coherence

    Translation: The Implementation of Molina and Albir's Theory in a Movie From English into Indonesian

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    The research aims to analyze the types of translation techniques found in the film Raya and the last dragon (2021). The translation techniques applied in Indonesian subtitles. Qualitative methods are used in this study to reveal findings using the concept of Molina and Albir's translation techniques. The study chose this film as the subject of analysis because it is interesting to know more about the translation techniques in the film. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This type of research is for content analysis explaining the techniques used by translators in translating the script for the film Raya and the last dragon (2021). In collecting and analyzing data, the researchers used concept, namely comparing the texts to identify, calculate, and conclude the results of the study. The results showed that the most dominant were 36 data indicating the translation techniques found in Film Raya and the last dragon (2021). Namely literal translations (22%) and established equivalents (17%), and there are also equivalents, namely modulation (17%), variation (13%), borrowing (11%), discursive creation (5%), calque (3%), linguistic compression (3%), 1reduction (3%), substitution (3%), amplification (3%). The dominant translation found is the Literal Translation which contains 8 data and 22% in the script for the film Raya and the last dragon movie

    Improving Self-organization and Self-efficacy of Diverse Occupational Therapy students: The Development of the Embodied and Embedded Motor Skills Curriculum

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    Being organized and confident in our movements and thoughts is necessary to achieve a desired outcome. Motor, process, and social interaction performance skill training is therefore part of contemporary occupational therapy (OT) training. Also prioritized is building awareness of cultural, social and economic diversity, inequity and the need for inclusion and representation within the OT profession. The US OT Practice Framework emphasizes the embeddedness of clients and their activities in personal and sociocultural contexts.Less attention has been paid to the learning process, self-organization, and self-efficacy of diverse OT students as they prepare for hands-on interventions with future clients. Minimal literature is available about their own somatic awareness and embodied understanding of the motor skills they teach their clients. A decade of observing clinical labs at historically Black Howard University (HU), and a recent survey of HU OT students, reveal their quest for embodied motor learning, and for guidance in organizing kinesthetically for client encounters.Researching these observed and voiced needs stimulated the development of the Embedded and Embodied Motor Skill Curriculum (EEMSC). The curriculum is grounded in evidence-based OT research and in the Feldenkrais Method® of somatic education.The Kern 6-Step Approach to curriculum design was used to develop the program. It is envisioned that applying somatic learning in clinical interventions with underserved population will be empowering and enabling for both OTs and their clients and contribute to the process of knowledge translation between practice and research

    Coaching Elementary Teachers in Literacy: Does Feedback Type Matter for Low Implementers?

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    For literacy coaches and teachers, feedback is an integral component of effective coaching. Yet, little is understood about the interaction between feedback and high/low implementing teachers within coaching sessions. This multiple case study explored the types of feedback literacy coaches provided both high and low implementing teachers over a two-year period. In the first year, the literacy coaches provided at least twice as much instructional feedback as emotional feedback to low-implementing teachers. Those teachers not only received more feedback in general, but the feedback they received was primarily what they needed to do to improve. In contrast, during the same period literacy coaches provided high-implementing teachers more emotional feedback than instructional feedback. Low implementation, or resistance, observed in this study may have been tied to the overwhelming amount and type of feedback the low implementing teachers received.  Coaches seeking to enhance instructional practices could benefit from attending to the amount and type of feedback they provide their learners.

    From Reason to Wisdom: Heidegger’s Interpretation of Logos

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    Heraclitus’ “all things are one” carries a classic metaphysical structure, which signifies that Being was already concealed at the beginning of Western thought. Heidegger delves into early Greek thought to reveal people’s understanding of nature before the deviation between logos (λόγος) and nature (φύσις). He argues that the light of Being flashed at the beginning of Western thought and then immediately vanished. The consequence of the concealment of Being was the formal opening of the path of Western metaphysics centered on rationality, which was taken as the path of wisdom. Western metaphysics ultimately led humanity to the realm of nihilism. Therefore, one possible way to address the nihilism problem caused by rationality is to return to early Western thought (pre-Socratic period), explore the original meaning of logos and nature, re-understand what wisdom is, and gain insight in wisdom to deal with nihilism

    The Effect of Immersive Learning on Students' Cognitive and Affective Aspects

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    Deep learning or what is known as "Immersive Learning" is becoming an issue that is being studied a lot because of the application of technology in the process. The role of technology in this case is utilized to realize deep learning. Immersive Learning is applied by several methods, including online and blended. However, there are not many research articles that explicitly focus on Immersive Learning. Therefore, for the purpose of this review, several academic articles dealing with the specific topic of immersive learning have been selected and studied. Several topics have been searched using keywords related to immersive learning on academic search engines such as Springer, and Google Scholar, as well as on several other reputable academic journal publishing websites. The articles reviewed were sixteen articles published in the last five years. Based on the results of the article review, it can be concluded that immersive learning not only has a negative impact, but also has a positive impact on students' cognitive and affective aspects. Cognitive aspects include understanding and other academic abilities, while affective aspects include self-efficacy, motivation, and student attitudes towards subjects at school. With this review, it is hoped that teachers and educators will pay more attention to the positive and negative effects of this immersive learning process, so that they can optimize the learning outcomes obtained by students from the learning process, especially Natural Science subjects

    Verification of the Public Discourse and Accountability of Mayors on Local TV: The Case of Ecuador

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    The purpose of the research is to determine the veracity and contexts of the statements of Ecuador's mayors using fact-checking methodology. The research questions are: Are the public testimonies of mayors presented in local television news programmes true? What are the circumstances in which mayors present their speeches? To what extent does local journalism contextualize the mayors' statements? The research is descriptive and relational, using qualitative methodology based on the Ecuador Chequea protocol, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. A sample of audiovisual pieces broadcast between February 2020 and March 2022 was obtained. The statements are grouped in 10 axes, showing correspondence with the functions determined in the law. The statements of the governors are true, the proximity helps direct accountability, but weaknesses such as excessive prominence, publicity and short-term interests can be appreciated. Analyses of the quality of the declarations are needed, in broad pieces and with the corresponding cultural and political contexts. Efforts to make public administration transparent is a key aspect of open and e-government that will be achieved as long as citizens' information literacy is achieved

    Directors’ Diversity and the Economic Value of Equity

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    The paper examines the effect of directors’ demographic and cognitive diversity on the economic value of equity based on longitudinal data from the top 15 Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study finds steadily robust evidence that shows foreign and female directors at critical mass representation positively influence banks’ net worth (a proxy of the economic value of equity). Contrary to the hypothesis, the result of cognitive diversity was rather inconclusive due to the diverse direction of causality. While the effect of directors with Bachelor of Law degrees and industry experience shows a significant negative effect, the impact of directors with business-related degrees though positively linked to the economic value of equity but remained statistically insignificant. With average sampled directors having over 23 years of industry experience, the study concluded that excessive industry knowledge is injurious to financial performance. This is because these directors are perhaps more cautious about their reputation and thus are likely to exhibit diminishing marginal utility for wealth maximization

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